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1.
J. Delgado P. Alfaro J. M. Andreu A. Cuenca C. Dom nech A. Est vez J. M. Soria R. Tom s A. Y benes 《Engineering Geology》2003,68(3-4):171-187
This article presents a sedimentological and geotechnical study of the surficial sediments in the Segura River valley (SE Spain). We formulate an engineering-geological model consisting of four zones, each characterized by its geotechnical properties and by various geotechnical problems (namely low bearing capacity, significant ground settlement and liquefaction of sandy sediments). The model quantifies the geotechnical properties and potential problems in each zone. It serves as a useful tool for preliminary geotechnical investigations. The model also enables a better design of field surveys as well as optimal selection of geotechnical investigation techniques for future civil engineering works. 相似文献
2.
Lzaro Valentin Zuquette Osni Jos Pejon Jaime Quintas dos Santos Collares 《Engineering Geology》2004,71(3-4):227-253
Engineering geological mapping was carried out, at a scale of 1:100,000, in the Fortaleza Metropolitan Region, located in northeastern Brazil, to provide engineering geological information as an aid in planning land use and occupation. In this study, eight basic maps were produced drawing: urban areas, lithology, unconsolidated materials in addition to geomorphological map showing slopes, water resources, engineering geological zoning and distribution of geological–geotechnical environmental problems based on information collected through field and laboratory investigations. The region was divided into nine engineering geological zones analyzed in terms of geohazard susceptibility and foundation, excavation and waste disposal conditions. 相似文献
3.
Assessment of the liquefaction potential is one of the important aspects for earthquake hazard assessment. Liquefaction in the sediments during earthquake events may cause significant ground deformation, which in turn, may lead to significant structural damages to civil or engineering structures, further leading to loss of life and property. Liquefaction in sediments occurs in specific geological and geoenvironmental conditions under the influence of a certain level of earthquake shaking.In this paper an assessment of the liquefaction potential of the sediments present in and around Chandigarh has been made. The sub-surface disposition and geotechnical properties of the sedimentary units mapped and depth wise probed by drilling 24 shallow boreholes prima facie indicates susceptibility of interlayed sequence to liquefaction. The conditioning factors and geoenvironmental conditions essential for occurrence of liquefaction have been integrated and analysed to determine potential areas for liquefaction around the Union Territory of Chandigarh with respect to different levels of ground acceleration values expected in the area due to earthquake events. 相似文献
4.
福州轨道交通建设中的岩土工程问题 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于福州盆地工程地质条件的复杂性以及隧道工程的特殊性,在福州轨道交通建设过程中将遇到大量环境岩土工程问题。主要的环境岩土工程问题有:(1)隧道掘进范围内的承压含水层。承压含水层富水性、透水性强,由于开挖深度大,必须考虑下部承压水的影响,避免产生基坑突涌问题。砂砾卵石层直接覆盖于基岩裂隙热水上,受热水构造带高温热水的直接补给以及热传导,地下轨道交通建设对地热场是否存在影响以及地热对轨道交通的影响需要深入研究。(2)软土的大变形与低强度。导致地基失稳与土体结构强度破坏。(3)深大基坑开挖施工引发的可能灾变。基坑开挖易产生滑塌、流泥、突水(涌)、地表沉陷等问题,必须采取有效的支护措施,避免基坑失稳而影响工程安全及周边环境。对这些环境岩土工程问题,应加强勘察新技术的应用,查明建设场地岩土工程地质条件;采用人工地层冻结法、桩基托换技术进行施工;开发和利用适合本地区岩土条件的新技术、新工艺,如新型桩、新的止水、降水措施等基坑支护新技术,以及采用信息化施工新技术。 相似文献
5.
Influence of dune stabilization on relationship between plant diversity and productivity in Horqin Sand Land, Northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xiaoan Zuo Xueyong Zhao Shaokun Wang Yuqiang Li Jie Lian Xin Zhou 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(5):1547-1556
The city of Split has been developing continuously since the construction of the Diocletian Palace (287–305) to the present time. Detailed engineering geological investigations, with the recorded documents, have been performed since 1970. Further development and expansion of the city require an urban engineering geological map to be developed as a main prerequisite for the geotechnical and seismic zonation. In this paper a review of engineering geological conditions at the area of Split City (cca 25 km2) is given. Those conditions are interpreted on the basis of available data from geotechnical reports (about stratigraphical units, their lithological composition and physical and mechanical properties) and limited field survey. Zones with different ground conditions regarding rock properties are delineated in the form of lithological complex, engineering geological mapping units for medium-scale maps. The area of the city of Split, built of foraminifera limestones (E1,2), clayey glauconitic limestones (E21,2 E_{2}^{1,2} ), and flysch sediments (E2,3), is divided into five lithological complexes, which presents unique combination of individual lithological type for which it is possible to indicate general behavior of the whole. The paper also provides short review of other environmental conditions (active geomorphological processes, hydrological and hydrogeological conditions, as well as seismic conditions), which are intended as a guide to the sort of environmental data that could be collected by more detailed studies during the course of the zoning process. 相似文献
6.
Erzurum, the biggest city of Eastern Anatolia Region in the Turkey, is located in Karasu Plain. Karasu Plain, located on the
central segment of the Erzurum Fault Zone, is an intermountain sedimentary basin with a Miocene-Quaternary volcanic basement,
andesitic-basaltic lava flows and fissure eruptions of basaltic lava. It was filled in the early Quaternary by lacustrine
fan-delta deposits. The basin is characterized by NNE-SSW trending sinistral wrench faults on its eastern margin and ENE-WSW
trending reverse faults on its southern margin. Both systems of active faults intersect very near to Erzurum, which is considered
to be the most likely site for the epicenter of a probable future large earthquake. Historical records of destructive earthquakes,
morphotectonic features formed by paleo-seismic events and instrument seismic data of region indicate to a very high regional
seismicity. The residential areas of Erzurum are located on thick alluvial fan deposits forming under the control of faults
on the central segment of the Erzurum Fault Zone, which is one of the most active fault belts of the East Anatolian Region.
Over time, the housing estates of city such as Yenisehir and Yildizkent have been expanded toward to the west and southwest
part of Erzurum as a consequence of rapid and massive construction during the last 30 years. Geotechnical investigation has
therefore been undertaken the residential areas of city in order to characterize geotechnical properties over the varied lithologies
examine the potential for geotechnical mapping and assess the foundation conditions of the present and future settlement areas.
The geological field observations and operations have been performed to make the soil sampling and characterize the lateral
and vertical changes in thickness of the alluvial deposits in trenches, excavations and deep holes with 6–12 m sections. The
soil samples have been subjected to a series of tests under laboratory conditions to obtain physical and mechanical properties.
Furthermore, the standard penetration tests have been applied to the soils under field conditions. The geological field observations,
geotechnical data and distribution of bearing capacity have been considered for the geotechnical mapping. Based on the geotechnical
map, there are five geotechnical zones distinguished in the study area. 相似文献
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西南煤系地层软岩地区坡麓相斜坡软土特性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在我国西南内昆、株六、水柏及六盘水枢纽等铁路勘察与施工中,在煤系地层软岩地区的山麓斜坡上常遇到一种特殊罕见的"坡麓相斜坡软土"(笔者简称),它是"陆相的饱水堆积物"而非"水相的水下沉积物"。这种土的物理力学特征与一般软土相似,同样具有天然含水量高(但一般不大于液限)、孔隙比大、高压缩性、低强度性、流变性、触变性等特点,并具有弱—中等膨胀性;常隐蔽于山麓斜坡地表较厚的硬壳层之下,非钻探或开挖揭露难以发现,且具有不连续、透镜状或鸡窝状分布、厚度变化较大、底部横坡较陡等特点;最突出的工程地质问题是天然地基的不均匀性及非稳定性,对工程的危害较大。工程施工中常发生路堤基底滑移沉陷、路堑边坡滑坡与坍塌、桥涵地基承载力不足、基坑边坡溜坍等地质灾害或工程病害,整治难度较大。笔者结合工程实例,系统论述西南煤系地层软岩地区坡麓相斜坡软土的分布、成因、定义、分类、物理力学特征及其工程特性,并对其命名问题进行探讨,对指导工程实践,防止工程病害具有重要意义。 相似文献
9.
粉细砂层在高层建筑基坑开挖中岩土工程问题探讨：结合南京地区工程实例分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从土体结构、力学性质、水文地质条件和由工程活动所引起的地质环境变化等方面,分析了古河道区二元结构地层的粉细砂层深基坑开挖中易出现的岩土工程问题,如：地面下沉、流土、管涌、基坑边坡失稳和坑底隆起等,提出了设置合理降水、止水、回灌系统、构筑挡土止水设备、加强施工地质与检测工作等防治与解决问题的对策,并在南京某工程深基坑开挖中险情分析和处理措施中得以实践且收到较好的效果。 相似文献
10.
针对直接采用FLAC3D编制复杂开挖过程力学仿真程序所遇到的困难,开发了FLAC3D力学仿真程序代码生成系统(generating code system,简称GCS)。介绍了如何利用矿用地质软件Surpac,按空间、次序、结构功能及工程地质体属性对复杂开挖过程进行剖分,形成可编程的组件;着重解决了模型单元质心定位、单元捕捉、重组和应用程序变量到FLAC3D变量、函数、语句、数据结构之间映射等问题;使用VC++开发并给出了一个特定回采开挖过程的FLAC3D力学仿真代码生成系统实例,该应用程序以模型单元数据库为数据源,通过一系列与用户交互的页面,由用户对回采开挖过程所需步骤和参数进行选择和确认,并将这些步骤和参数传递给仿真代码生成系统,由系统自动完成FLAC3D力学仿真代码的生成。FLAC3D力学仿真程序代码生成系统架起了地质三维几何造型软件与三维计算软件之间的桥梁,可大大提高编制FLAC3D三维力学仿真代码的效率,降低程序编制的出错率,有利于应用FLAC3D软件更为深广地解决复杂岩土开挖过程中的力学问题。 相似文献
11.
Engineering-geological mapping of tropical soils for land-use planning and geotechnical purposes: A case study from Jamaica, West Indies 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
An area of a Tertiary and Cretaceous deposits, 100–310 m above sea level and on predominant 20–45°, highly dissected, concave slopes was investigated to assess its geotechnical characteristics and land use planning implications. Lithologies include turbidites, fluvial conglomerates, breccias, sandstones, mudrocks, carbonates, granodiorite, acid dykes, chloritized and epidotized volcanics, andesite and Holocene fluvial deposits. Bedrock is highly fractured and sheared, hydrothermally altered and highly weathered. Soils are quite variable, with a strong geological control on soil properties. Soils are generally sandy to gravely, with local silts and clays in mudrocks, within Holocene alluvium or in hydrothermally altered and sheared granodiorites. The soils are composed of 0.14–80.00% gravel; 5.36–62.50% sand, 2.33–50.55% silt, 0.17–51.50% clay, and total fine content between 2.50 and 94.50%, with natural moisture between 4 and 44% during the dry season, plastic limit between 6 and 35%, liquid limit between 19 and 83% and plasticity index between 1 and 59%. Sandy soils have residual friction angles between 19 and 39°, PI values less than 35% with cohesion between 1.00 and 5.27 KN/m2 for cohesive samples. ASTM classification of soils include soil groups GC, GM, GW, GP, SP, SM, SC, SM, SC, ML, CL and CH.
Based on the characteristics of the terrain, the geotechnical and land use planning problems include high landslide frequency and susceptibility, soil erosion, fluvial and reservoir sedimentation, high debris flow hazard, cut slope failures, potentially expansive clays and silts, seepage erosion and soil piping, differential settlement in interlayered competent and incompetent lithologies, high solution erosion and potential subsidence over limestones, waste water disposal problems and groundwater pollution and seismic induced settlement and ground failures. These phenomena suggest that systematic site investigations should be conducted prior to the utilization of these areas for construction and development in order to minimize the deleterious effects resulting from ground failure. 相似文献
12.
基坑开挖中的环境岩土工程问题研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
基坑工程是一涉及岩土工程、结构工程和环境工程等众多学科领域的综合工程,基坑工程往往是在城市中心地带建筑密集区进行,基坑工程的建设,不仅受周围环境的限制,也对周围环境会造成不同程度的影响,因此,研究基坑开挖中环境岩土工程地质问题有重要意义.本文分析了基坑开挖中环境岩土工程地质现象的主要类型,探讨了这些类型之间的有机联系和环境岩土工程地质现象变异的危害,并提出了基坑开挖中预防环境岩土工程地质现象发生的途径与措施. 相似文献
13.
在东南沿海地区的城市建设中为了节约土地资源,缓解城市生活和交通拥挤状况,高层建筑的基坑开挖深度越来越大,同时城市地铁结点工程(车站、特别是换乘站)建设也多采用深基坑施工方法,而且呈现多层开发的趋势,城市地下工程建设已进入快速发展时期。然而这一地区广泛分布全新世新近沉积的淤泥质软土,由于其土体的性质软弱,在基坑施工中难度很大,易发生基坑边坡失稳、坑底隆起、突泥突水和支护结构失效等工程地质问题,诱发基坑周围地面沉陷、不均沉降及相邻建筑物开裂、破坏等不良环境效应。本文针对软土地区深基坑施工中可能出现的工程地质问题及不良环境效应问题进行深入研究,分析影响基坑安全的主要影响因素,提出了一些具体处置方案和防治措施,通过软土区实际基坑施工验证,是成功有效的,具有示范意义。 相似文献
14.
阐述了眉山市在城市工程建设中普遍存在的软弱地基、砂土液化、基坑开挖与支护和基坑降(排)水等岩土工程问题，并对这些问题提出了看法和防治对策。 相似文献
15.
昆河新线玉蒙段的主要工程地质问题是地震及活动断裂、膨胀土、软土、砂土液化、岩溶、不良斜坡及特殊岩土等,对铁路工程影响很大。文章论述沿线存在的主要地质问题,提出相应的工程措施建议。 相似文献
16.
近年来,在长江下游地区地下工程建设日益增多,其基坑呈现开挖深、规模大、形状复杂等特点,由于这一地区地质环境非常复杂,其支护结构设计和施工难度非常大。本文以南京江边某特大型地下交通枢纽工程为例,探讨地质环境条件研究在深基坑支护结构设计的重要作用。该地下交通工程为地下三层结构,最下层连接过江隧道,上部两层连接附近场馆和多条地面道路,基坑开挖深、深度变化大、形态异常复杂。该工程位于南京青奥中心西侧,靠近长江岸堤。这一地区广泛分布第四系松散沉积物,近地表主要为新近沉积的软土,且厚度较大,下部为河床相砂性土,地下水丰富,且多为承压水,工程地质条件非常复杂。这里主要针对这一特大型基坑工程的核心区,分析其工程地质条件,提出可能出现的工程地质问题,结合基坑功能及形态对其基坑范围内土层从平面及剖面上进行分区和分层,以此进行基坑支护结构设计优化分析,提出采用放坡开挖(上部)和地下连续墙(下部)相结合的支护设计方案,有效解决大型异形基坑群施工技术难题,而且施工速度快、建设成本低。这一研究成果对于长江下游地区类似特大型异形超深基坑的支护及施工设计具有积极借鉴意义。 相似文献
17.
《Computers and Geotechnics》2006,33(6-7):330-340
Artificial ground freezing is an effective ground improvement technique to deal with diverse geotechnical construction problems as it serves to cut off the water and also improves the ground soil strength. However, ground freezing may produce frost heave and thaw settlement at the ground surface. Predicting and controlling the frost heave is a challenge to engineering construction in a heavily populated city. This paper proposes an analysis model that couples the water freezing, temperature and stress fields. This model is first applied to an underground excavation problem of a corridor where ground freezing is used. The numerical predictions are compared with field measurements. It is then applied for a model tunnel problem to study the effect of the overlying soil thickness, frozen soil wall thickness, excavation radius and brine temperature on the frost heave. It is found that the vertical component of the frost heave follows a normal distribution with a maximum at the tunnel axis, while the horizontal component reaches a maximum at a distance from the tunnel axis. This distance is directly proportional to the thickness of the overlying soil. A critical brine temperature is also found at which the frost heave at the ground surface reaches a maximum. 相似文献
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南京地质环境的基本特征和几个主要环境岩土工程问题 总被引：19，自引：2，他引：17
环境问题已成为全球热点,本文提出了关于人类社会面临的两类环境问题的概念,即污染和生态破坏及环境岩土工程问题,论述了南京市的地质环境特点,剖析了南京市的几个主要环境岩土工程问题。这对深化环境问题的认识,促进南京经济建设的发展,推动南京环境岩土工程问题瓣研究有积极意义。 相似文献
20.
Groundwater bearing alluvial units in the seismically active settlement areas may bring out probable damage on the urban and
built environment due to liquefaction. Bolu settlement area and surroundings are located in the North Anatolian Fault Zone.
Geotechnical boreholes were drilled in order to determine the distribution of the geological units, to obtain representative
soil samples and to measure groundwater level. Quaternary aged alluvium is the main geological unit in the South of study
area. Stiffness and consistency of the soils were determined by Standart penetration test. P and S wave velocities of soil
have been measured along the seismic profiles. The index and physical properties of the samples have also been tested in the
laboratory. Liquefaction potential and safety factor of the sandy levels in Quaternary aged alluvium were investigated by
different methods based on SPT and V
s. Liquefaction seems to be a significant risk in case of an earthquake with a
max = 0.48 g and M
w
= 7.5 at different levels of the boreholes. This situation may bring out environmental problems in the future. 相似文献