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镜质体是一种由高等植物木质素经过生物化学降解作用和凝胶化作用形成的胶状体,在煤和炭质泥页岩中含量高,仅出现在志留纪及其以后的地层中。此外,还有一种海相镜质体,主要由海洋低等生物(藻类、菌类及某些海洋低等动物)经腐殖化作用而形成,主要存在于早古生代及晚古生代页岩和碳酸盐岩地层中。研究表明,海相镜质体反射率(R~o_m)可作为成熟度指标加以应用。海相镜质体成熟作用轨迹不同于镜质体,二者存在一定的相关关系,使用时需把海相镜质体反射率换算为镜质体反射率(R_o)。镜质体反射率是一个寻找隐伏岩体的好方法,作者采用镜质体反射率方法对铜陵地区开展了研究,初步结果表明,铜陵地区全部数值均超过地热增温率理论曲线,说明铜陵地区深部可能有较大的隐伏岩体,深度大约在4~5 km左右。此外,在ZK113号钻孔深度200~260 m处R_o很高(2%~3%),可能预示钻孔旁侧有规模较小的隐伏侵入体,推测距钻孔距离不超过100 m,但具体方位不详。上述研究表明采用镜质体反射率方法寻找隐伏岩体是可行的,它的最大优点是解释的唯一性,R_o数值仅与温度有关,不受其他因素的干扰。 相似文献
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The Late Triassic (Carnian-Rhaetian) Callide Coal Measures are preserved in a partly fault-bounded basin remnant in east-central Queensland, Australia. The sequence comprises up to 150 m of interbedded clastic sedimentary rocks and at least four major coal seams, including one coal body up to 23 m thick. The sequence was deposited initially in high-gradient alluvial fan systems which gave way through time to sandy, low-sinuosity rivers. The restricted, intermontane and entirely alluvial nature of sediment accumulation is here considered to have influence the petrographic characteristics of Callide coals, and their external geometry.The main coal seam from the Callide Measures shows variation in the predominance of some macerals, indicating successions of environmental changes. The application of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) to the study of the Callide coal has enabled a better understanding of the nature and origin of some of the less understood macerals such as micrinite and vitrinite B. Two forms of vitrinite have been observed, each with a distinct reflectance range. The wood-sourced vitrinite A displays an average reflectance of 0.56%, implying a higher rank than the 0.49% Ro total vitrinite reflectance recorded in previous publications. Vitrinite B and A together represent the most commonly occurring macerals in the Callide coal samples of the present study. The lower-reflecting vitrinite B which forms bands, often several hundred μm in thickness, in TEM shows sub-micron electron transparent laminae of lipid-rich material alternating with a more conventional vitrinite material. The vitrinite B is interpreted to represent accumulations of leaves.The Callide coal has entered the oil window, and oil has been generated from some exinite, cutinite, and resinite, as evident from change in fluorescence and the presence of exsudatinite in cell cavities and cleats. Vitrinite B is seen under the microscope to also be generating oil. Micrinite, the origin of which has been much debated, occurs in selected horizons only, as lenticular bodies suggesting cell filling or filling of spaces between laminations in vitrinite B. TEM shows micrinite to consist predominantly of sub-micron pyrite and possibly other mineral particles adsorbed on humic acids. 相似文献
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大兴安岭北部上古生界极低级变质温度——来自碳质物拉曼光谱的证据 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
使用Renishaw System-1000型激光拉曼光谱仪, 研究了大兴安岭北部上古生界泥质岩石碳质物的拉曼光谱特征及其对形成温度的表征, 探讨了拉曼光谱参数与镜质体反射率(Ro)的关系。研究表明:研究区上古生界泥质岩石碳质物不具有石墨的拉曼光谱谱带吸收峰, 揭示了地层的变质程度未达到低绿片岩相。利用此次经过完善建立的拉曼光谱地质温度计, 对大兴安岭北部上古生界泥质岩石变质温度的估算结果主要为270~320℃, 表明研究区上古生界遭受了极低级变质作用, 变质程度属近变质带。依据碳质物拉曼光谱参数与镜质体反射率的相互关系, 估算研究区有机质成熟度的Ro值主要分布为3.03%~4.23%, 与实测Ro值吻合, 表明有机质演化处于过成熟阶段, 泥质岩石具有生烃的能力, 部分层位可能具有形成油气资源的潜力。 相似文献
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本文对云南楚雄中生代盆地上三叠统煤成烃源层进行了原始有机质丰度和原始产烃潜力恢复的尝试。该烃源层在盆地中具有不均衡热变的特点，南北之间的Ｒ０可由０．８％变化到４．５％不等，东西向的差异也很明显。在各区因排烃量不同而造成有机质残余率不等的情况下，如何恢复其原始有机质丰度和原始产烃潜力，以便进行合理的油气资源评价成为该盆地勘探工作的重要课题。作者通过对生源相近、成煤环境类似而成熟度极低的本区晚第三纪煤系和上三叠统变质最低的华坪煤系样品，按不同温阶进行系统的外加温、外加压生烃排烃模拟实验，从而分别编制出热演化程度与其排烃率（Ｒ０－ＨＣ排）和有机碳损耗率（Ｒ０－Ｃ损）的关系曲线。利用楚雄盆地上三叠统煤成烃源层相同比例尺的残余有机碳平均含量等值线图和平均Ｒ０等值线图叠合，获得两种曲线的若干交汇点。基于各交汇点的Ｒ０值和经过换算的有机碳损耗率，分别从Ｒ０－Ｃ报和Ｒ０－ＨＣ排曲线上求出各交汇点已损失的有机碳百分率和已排出烃类的百分率，从而恢复了各点所在烃源层的原始有机碳丰度和原始产烃潜力。 相似文献
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在四川盆地东部古生界地层发现大量天然气资源,鲜有原油发现。重庆天府磨心坡煤矿下二叠统茅口组石灰岩上部地层裂隙发现沿层间裂隙随水渗出的黄绿色液态轻质油苗。研究表明:油苗碳数分布较窄,为C4~C26,具有明显的姥鲛烷优势,Pr/Ph值为1.64,δ13C值为-26.2‰;油苗所反映的成熟度较高,折算Ro约为1.6%,一维盆地模拟验证二叠系的热演化程度可达与之相当的热演化程度。综合研究认为油苗与二叠系煤系地层关系密切。油苗的发现表明,在四川盆地古生界整体高过成熟的大背景下,某些成熟度相对较低,保存条件适宜的区域仍有发现一些中小型油藏的可能,这对四川乃至南方古生界油气勘探具有一定的启示意义。 相似文献
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内蒙古中部晚古生代地层由于中生代岩浆的侵入,部分发生接触变质,变质程度多处于沸石相或葡萄石绿纤石相。通过对典型剖面的泥质岩石中的粘土矿物、伊利石结晶度以及镜质体反射率的分析,得出以下结论：（1）粘土矿物以伊利石和绿泥石为主,只在极少数样品中有伊蒙混层和蒙脱石,多数缺乏伊绿混层;（2）伊利石结晶度为022~040;（3）镜质体反射率Ro值为15~40。其结果表明：在岩浆侵入地区有小规模的接触变质,为极低级变质带,并未发生大规模的低绿片岩相的区域变质,而且这种变质只影响到晚二叠世以前沉积的地层和油气,分布范围有限。 相似文献
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为了解陆相烃源岩在深埋过程中凝析油形成与演化特征，利用高温高压生烃模拟仪对辽河盆地西部凹陷曙13 井、马南603 井和东部凹陷桃10 井烃源岩样品进行了半封闭体系生烃模拟实验。实验结果显示，I 型有机质（曙13 井烃源岩样品） 总凝析油产率峰值为2.32 mg/g TOC，出现在镜质体反射率（VR） 1.76 %Ro，并以低分子量烃类物质为主要成分，可能表明I 型有机质凝析油主要通过液态烃二次裂解形成。II 型有机质（马南603 井烃源岩样品） 总凝析油产率峰值为2.28 mg/g
TOC，该峰值出现在VR 为2.42 %Ro，明显晚于I 型有机质凝析油产率峰值，其成分以相对高分子量的烃类物质为主，其次为低分子量烃类物质。III 型有机质（桃10 井烃源岩样品） 凝析油总产率最低，产率峰值仅为0.92 mg/g TOC，可能表明III型有机质生成凝析油潜力较差。 相似文献
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为了解陆相烃源岩在深埋过程中凝析油形成与演化特征,利用高温高压生烃模拟仪对辽河盆地西部凹陷曙13 井、马南603 井和东部凹陷桃10 井烃源岩样品进行了半封闭体系生烃模拟实验。实验结果显示,I 型有机质（曙13 井烃源岩样品） 总凝析油产率峰值为2.32 mg/g TOC,出现在镜质体反射率（VR） 1.76 %Ro,并以低分子量烃类物质为主要成分,可能表明I 型有机质凝析油主要通过液态烃二次裂解形成。II 型有机质（马南603 井烃源岩样品） 总凝析油产率峰值为2.28 mg/g
TOC,该峰值出现在VR 为2.42 %Ro,明显晚于I 型有机质凝析油产率峰值,其成分以相对高分子量的烃类物质为主,其次为低分子量烃类物质。III 型有机质（桃10 井烃源岩样品） 凝析油总产率最低,产率峰值仅为0.92 mg/g TOC,可能表明III型有机质生成凝析油潜力较差。 相似文献
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川北阿坝地区三叠系粘土矿物特征及地质意义 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
分析了川北阿坝地区三叠系泥质岩的岩石矿物组合、粘土矿物类型、伊利石结晶度和镜质体反射率特征,并以此划分成岩演化阶段及变质程度。以成岩作用—极低级变质作用的研究方法,明确了阿坝地区成岩作用及极低级变质作用的上、下界限及区域分布规律:以唐克为中心的地区处于成岩作用晚期阶段,成岩作用温度200～212℃,伊利石结晶度IC≥0.42;周围地区处于极低级变质作用阶段,成岩作用温度212～222℃,伊利石结晶度IC<0.42。镜质体反射率(Ro)也具有同样的演化规律。对该地区域上成岩演化的差异及原因作如下解释:由于构造活动的远近程效应存在差异,该地区的周缘明显受到构造作用的影响,因叠加动力变质而达到极低级变质作用阶段;唐克位于阿坝地块中心,受构造作用的影响相对较小,因而处于成岩作用晚期阶段。 相似文献
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Rudolf Bertrand 《Organic Geochemistry》1990,15(6)
Paleozoic marine sequences sampled in outcrops and wells of northeastern Gaspe Peninsula (Quebec Appalachians) yield kerogen composed in part of vitrinite and zooclasts (chitinozoans, scolecodonts and graptolites) on which reflectance measurements were made.The comparison between means of random measurements show that reflectance of chitinozoans is similar to that of telinite (vitrinite with a cellular texture) and that the reflectance of scolecodonts is significantly lower than that of telinite in the lower range of studied values. At higher reflectivities differences decrease but, at the end of the condensate gas zone reflectancea are not yet identical. As shown by previous studies, reflectance of graptolites is slightly less than that of telinite.Pyrobitumen reflectance is related to the lithology of the host-rock and no generalized correlation can be established between the reflectance of pyrobitumen and that of vitrinite. 相似文献
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A.G. Borrego C.V. Araujo A. Balke B. Cardott A.C. Cook P. David D. Flores M. Hmor-Vid W. Hiltmann W. Kalkreuth J. Koch C.J. Kommeren J. Kus B. Ligouis M. Marques J.G. Mendona Filho M. Misz L. Oliveira W. Pickel K. Reimer P. Ranasinghe I. Surez-Ruiz A. Vieth 《International Journal of Coal Geology》2006,68(3-4):151-170
The development of a qualifying system for reflectance analysis has been the scope of a working group within the International Committee for Coal and Organic Petrology (ICCP) since 1999, when J. Koch presented a system to qualify vitrinite particles according to their size, proximity to bright components and homogeneity of the surface. After some years of work aimed at improving the classification system using photomicrographs, it was decided to run a round robin exercise on microscopy samples. The classification system tested consists of three qualifiers ranging from excellent to low quality vitrinites with an additional option for unsuitable vitrinites. This paper reports on the results obtained by 22 analysts who were asked to measure random reflectance readings on vitrinite particles assigning to each reading a qualifier. Four samples containing different organic matter types and a variety of vitrinite occurrences have been analysed. Results indicated that the reflectance of particles classified as excellent, good or poor compared to the total average reflectance did not show trends to be systematically lower or higher for the four samples analysed. The differences in reflectance between the qualifiers for any given sample were lower than the scatter of vitrinite reflectance among participants. Overall, satisfactory results were obtained in determining the reflectance of vitrinite in the four samples analysed. This was so for samples having abundant and easy to identify vitrinites (higher plant-derived organic matter) as well as for samples with scarce and difficult to identify particles (samples with dominant marine-derived organic matter). The highest discrepancies were found for the organic-rich oil shales where the selection of the vitrinite population to measure proved to be particularly difficult. Special instructions should be provided for the analysis of this sort of samples. The certainty of identification of the vitrinite associated with the vitrinite reflectance values reported has been assessed through a reliability index which takes into account the number of readings and the coefficient of variation. The same statistical approach as that followed in the ICCP vitrinite reflectance accreditation program for single seam coals has been used for data evaluation. The results indicated low to medium dispersion for 17 out of 22 participants. This, combined with data from other sets of comparative analyses over a long period, is considered an encouraging result for the establishment of an accreditation program on vitrinite reflectance measurements in dispersed organic matter. 相似文献
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早古生代海相烃源岩成熟度的有机岩石学评价方法 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：11
本文应用有机岩石化学方法通过对塔里木盆地早古生代典型烃源岩研究,建立起了应用沥青反射率、微粒体反射率、动物壳属体反射率及海相镜质体反射率评价烃岩成熟度的综合标准。 相似文献
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利用镜质体反射率趋势线法对南堡凹陷高柳地区、柳赞构造带、林雀次凹、柳南次凹等地区的地层剥蚀厚度进行了恢复;结合泥岩声波时差法和地层对比法,恢复了南堡凹陷东营组地层剥蚀厚度.认为利用镜质体反射率法来求取剥蚀厚度的前提是选取合适的Ro数据.当缺乏足够的单井Ro数据时,位于同一构造单元内、具有相同埋藏史的不同井的Ro位数据可以整合利用以恢复剥蚀厚度.作出了研究区地层剥蚀厚度等值线图,南堡凹陷东营组的剥蚀强度大致可分为两个区:东北部为强剥蚀区、中部为弱剥蚀区. 相似文献
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Vitrinite reflectance on dispersed sedimentary organic matter is traditionally determined from histograms of vitrinite and inertinite reflectance measured on either whole rock samples or kerogen concentrates, or from particles usually in whole rock preparations chosen by morphology and relative reflectance to be first-cycle vitrinite. This paper discusses an alternative method: discrimination of first-cycle vitrinite using apparent maximum and minimum reflectance data plotted on reflectance crossplots. The use of crossplots increases the confidence that the macerals identified as first-cycle vitrinite are optically similar. The maximum–minimum data, in this study, were collected on a quantitative reflectance microscope outfitted with rotational polarization, a technique that eliminates the usual difficulty in collecting such data on very small macerals by stage rotation. 相似文献
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苏红图坳陷是位于银额盆地东北部的中生代断陷盆地,含油气资源勘探潜力较大.利用研究区7口井的75个镜质体反射率资料,分析了研究区中生界烃源岩热演化程度及分布特点,银根组烃源岩处于未成熟-低成熟阶段,苏红图组底部Ro分布在0.6%~1.2%,凹陷中心巴音戈壁组底部Ro普遍大于1.1%.苏红图坳陷西部中生代以来的热历史恢复表明,研究区现今地温梯度为34 ℃/km,晚白垩世地温梯度约为40.6~46.7 ℃/km,地温梯度从40~42 ℃/km（135~110 Ma）增加到46~50 ℃/km（110~103 Ma）,银根组沉积期（100~95 Ma）地温梯度达到最大,为48~53 ℃/km;从乌兰苏海组沉积开始到现今,地温梯度先增大到40~46 ℃/km（92~80 Ma）,后逐渐降低为34 ℃/km（80~0 Ma）.研究区早白垩世以来较高的地温场对油气生成、成藏起着重要的控制作用,烃源岩均在乌兰苏海组沉积末期达到最大热演化阶段. 相似文献
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在对比分析不同侵入体热传导模型的基础上,进一步结合Easy Ro%模型对前人报道的受岩浆侵入体影响的实测Ro数据进行了数值模拟,结果表明改进的Fjeldskaar模型具有较好的应用前景。同时侵入体不同初始温度及不同厚度对围岩热演化程度影响的数值模拟结果表明,岩浆侵入体的热作用范围有限,不同地质条件下,影响的范围不同。其中:侵入体初始温度越高,影响范围越大;侵入体厚度越大,影响范围(X/D值)也越大,但是一般X/D<2(X/D代表侵入体与接触面的距离和侵入体厚度的比值)。侵入体热传导模型的初步应用表明,岩浆作用带来的热源对烃源岩生烃进程产生了重要影响,可以加速烃源岩的成熟,使得生烃期提前。 相似文献
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利用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFTA)参数和镜质体反射率动力学模型对柴达木盆地西部地区的构造-热演化进行系统分析,通过对10个构造部位16口井的单井热历史模拟分析了该区新生代的热演化状况.研究表明柴达木盆地西部地区的地温梯度在第三纪以来随着盆地的演化逐渐减小,但在第四纪以来变化不大或有增加的趋势;热流的变化与地温梯度的变化不同,随地史的演化逐渐增加.该区热流的这种变化与构造演化密切相关,盆地第三纪末(N32)以后发生的新构造运动(有人称喜马拉雅运动第三幕)是造成现今地温分布状况的根本原因.本研究得到的地温数据可为盆地新一轮的资源评价提供基础数据和理论依据. 相似文献