共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
对引发赤潮的3株硅藻——1株尖刺拟菱形藻(Pseudo-nitzshia pungens)和2株中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)的5.8SrDNA和ITS(internal transcribed spacers)序列进行了PCR扩增、克隆和序列测定,并分析了硅藻门10株赤潮藻(7株从GenBank获得)的系统进化关系.研究结果表明,尖刺拟菱形藻的ITS和5.8SrDNA的长度为693bp,SK-1(分离自东海赤潮暴发区)测序得到715bp,除ITS和5.8SrDNA外,还包含部分18SrDNA和28SrDNA;SK-2(分离自青岛养殖场)的ITS和5.8SrDNA的长度为331bp,尖刺拟菱形藻与从GenBank中获得的2株尖刺拟菱形藻相似程度最高,为100%,与该属的多列拟菱形藻相似程度稍低,为82.9%.SK-2的ITS序列与SK-1的相似程度很低,只有51%,但与拟中肋骨条藻的ITS序列相似程度高,为95.5%.SK-1的ITS序列与拟中肋骨条藻的相似程度也低,为56.7%.系统进化树反映的结果与相似性反映的结果一致.研究的该株尖刺拟菱形藻从根据ITS序列研究的结果与形态鉴定的结果看是一致的;SK-2可能属于拟中肋骨条藻;SK-1比较特殊,有待于用其他的方法进一步研究确定其分类地位. 相似文献
2.
采用PCR扩增的方法获得了第一个松藻目物种长松藻(Codium cylindricum)的ITS序列,长松藻ITS全长515bp,其中ITS1的长度为74bp,5.8S序列长163bp,ITS2的长度为278bp.与已知的绿藻门其它5个目8个属物种的ITS序列的系统发育分析结果表明,绿藻门物种分为三大支,其中团藻目藻类为一支,松藻目和刚毛藻目藻类为一支,石莼目、顶管藻目和丝藻目藻类构成一大支;长松藻与刚毛藻目的刚毛藻属和硬毛藻属物种同为多核藻体,在系统发生上表现出更近的亲缘关系;不同绿藻目海藻的聚类关系表明,其能够准确地反映出其在单核与多核、单细胞与多细胞等生物结构特性方面的差异与水平. 相似文献
3.
东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和海洋原甲藻APBM(P.micans APBM)的5.8S rDNA及其转录间隔区(ITS)的克隆和序列分析 总被引：11，自引：5，他引：11
对东海原甲藻(Prorocentrum donghaiense)和海洋原甲藻APBM(P．micans APBM)的5.8SrDNA及其转录间隔区(ITS)序列进行了PCR扩增、克隆和序列测定，并分析了甲藻属9株赤潮藻(7株从GenBank获得)的系统进化关系。结果表明，海洋原甲藻APBM的ITS片段(含5.8S区)为631bp，东海原甲藻的(含5.8S区)为552bp；东海原甲藻与从GenBank中获得的微小原甲藻相似程度较高，与甲藻属其他原甲藻相似程度较低；本文研究的海洋原甲藻APBM的ITS序列与其他原甲藻相似程度都较低并且在进化树上距离也较远。用ITS1或．ITS2序列构建的系统树与用ITS 5.8SrDNA序列构建的系统树反映的结果基本一致，5.8S区因过于保守似乎不适于构建系统树反映种下的亲缘关系。 相似文献
4.
通过PCR扩增基因片段的方法测定了红翎菜科琼枝属(Betaphycus)、卡帕藻属(Kappaphycus)和麒麟菜属(Eucheuma)4种海藻共19株个体的核糖体基因转录间隔区(ITS)(含5.8SrDNA)和核酮糖-1,5-二磷酸羧化酶/加氧酶基因大亚基(rbcL)全长基因序列。其中rbcL全长序列为首次测定,为从蛋白质水平探讨红翎菜科分子系统进化提供了可靠的保证。琼枝属、卡帕藻属、麒麟菜属ITS序列长度分别为1 024、629~669、1 001bp,GC含量在45.6%~52%之间;rbcL序列长度均为1 467bp,GC含量在37.1%~37.6%之间。结合GenBank中现有的红翎菜科海藻ITS和rbcL序列进行系统进化分析,2个片段聚类结果均明显的将所有样品分为琼枝属、卡帕藻属和麒麟菜属3大分支,表现出明显的属间差异。本研究的11株长心卡帕藻根据ITS序列差异分成明显2种类型,推测这2种类型长心卡帕藻的ITS序列差异与其地理环境、无性繁殖时间(代数)和藻体颜色无关。 相似文献
5.
龙须菜5.8S rRNA和ITS区的克隆与系统学分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
研究青岛产龙须菜居群内的遗传多样性和系统学分类,通过对龙须菜居群内不同个体的5.8S rRNA-ITS区(包括ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2)进行PCR扩增和序列分析,得到扩增DNA片段长度均为1 066 bp,包含完整的ITS1(250 bp)、5.8S(159 bp)和ITS2(657 bp);利用GenBank数据库对Cracilaria(江蓠属)和Gracilariopsis属共20个物种的rRNA-ITS相应序列进行了比较和系统进化分析.结果表明,龙须莱和江蓠科19个物种中rRNA的5.8S区的长度和序列非常保守,而ITS区的长度和序列则变异较大,20种江蓠科物种的遗传距离在0.013～0.596之间,龙须菜在5.8S rRNA-ITS区特性上相比江蓠属物种与Gracilariopsis属物种更为相似;采用UPGMA法构建了这20种江蓠科物种的系统发育树;分析结果表明青岛产龙须菜的居群内不存在遗传差异,且应属于Gracilariopsis属,并且在江蓠科中较早分化,而龙须菜处于Gracilariopsis属中比较古老的位置. 相似文献
6.
对五株赤潮异弯藻核糖体转录单元内间隔区(ITS区)进行了PCR扩增和序列测定,并结合GenBank中收录的所有赤潮异弯藻ITS序列信息,比较了它们的遗传距离和相似系数,同时结合GenBank中发布的针胞藻纲其他三个属的代表种ITS序列信息,采用邻接法(neighbour-joining,NJ)和最小进化法(minimum evolution,ME)构建系统发育树。结果表明,五株赤潮异弯藻ITS全序列总长度及碱基组成完全一致,均为538 bp,与GenBank中收录的四株赤潮异弯藻仅有一个碱基不同,遗传距离和相似系数分别为0.002和0.980,而与其他赤潮异弯藻ITS序列完全相同,遗传距离和相似系数分别为0.000和1.000。用两种方法构建的系统发育树结构完全一致,赤潮异弯藻属与海洋卡盾藻属亲缘关系较近,而与另外两属的亲缘关系较远。 相似文献
7.
采用通用引物PCR扩增法,测定了辽东湾海域的白色霞水母(Cyanea nozakii)螅状体、碟状体及水母体的18S以及ITS-5.8S r DNA序列,同时利用Gene Bank数据库中已有同源序列对其进行序列分析及系统分析。结果显示,白色霞水母3个个体的18S和ITS-5.8S r DNA序列完全一致。白色霞水母样品的ITS-5.8S r DNA序列与Gen Bank中未知真核生物的序列高度相似(≥99%),推测该物种可能是早期发育阶段(卵、浮浪幼虫或碟状体)的白色霞水母样品。霞水母属不同种间18S r DNA序列经比对后同源序列长度为1709bp,多态位点数33个;比对后ITS1同源序列长度为368bp,其中变异位点203个,简约信息位点数178个,单变异位点21个。基于18S r DNA基因序列的霞水母属种内和种间平均遗传距离分别为0、0.008,而基于ITS1序列的霞水母属种内和种间平均遗传距离分别为0.019、0.284。基于ITS1的种间遗传距离是种内遗传距离的15倍,适合于进行物种鉴定。NJ系统树的结果也表明同种的不同个体各自聚枝,其聚类结果大致与形态分类吻合。研究表明,ITS基因片段在霞水母不同种间变异较大,更适于大型水母种类鉴定、检测及属内种间水平的系统进化研究。 相似文献
8.
为了解鲽形目Pleuronectiformes鲆科Bothidae长臂缨鲆Crossorhombus kobensis (Jordan & Starks, 1906) 核糖体RNA基因的序列多态性特征, 本研究共获得该鱼类包括18S、5.8S、ITS1和ITS2全长及28S部分序列的128条克隆序列。经序列比对、聚类分析以及重组检测, 结果显示5.8S (158bp) 无长度变异, 而其他4个基因片段则表现出较高的长度多态性, 并可分为不同序列类型: 18S (1856~1893 bp) 有4种序列类型A、B、C和R; 28S (967~974bp) 和ITS1 (407~ 505bp) 均有3种类型A、B和R; ITS2 (423~447 bp)存在2种类型A和B。此外5个基因片段在碱基组成中均表现出GC偏倚, 并且ITS2 (71.14%)>ITS1 (65.37%)>28S (62.22%)>5.8S (57.67%)>18S (54.95%)。对具有不同序列类型的18S、28S和ITS进行真、假基因推断时, 通常的判别特征不足以提供有力依据, 因此增加了与4种鲆科近缘鱼类长冠羊舌鲆Arnoglossus macrolophus、青缨鲆Crossorhombus azureus、大鳞短额鲆Engyprosopon grandisquama以及冠毛鲆Lophonectes gallus相应基因片段的比对。各基因片段的插入/缺失以及特异性碱基差异位点比对结果显示: 18S和28S的短序列类型A与4种鲆科鱼类序列一致, 而其他序列类型则不同; ITS1序列类型A与4种鲆科鱼类在类型B的缺失位点均无缺失, 因此推测18S、28S和ITS1的A类型为真基因, 而其他类型为假基因。ITS2的A和B类型在差异位点上与4个鲆科鱼类不存在一致性, 没有足够的依据对两个类型做出真、假基因的推断。长臂缨鲆核糖体RNA基因中, 5.8S序列最为保守遵循协同进化的方式, 而其他4个基因片段为非协同进化的方式。 相似文献
9.
以烟台海域引发"绿潮"的浒苔为研究对象,采用PCR技术扩增出浒苔的ITS-1、5.8SrDNA及ITS-2片段,将扩增出的片段纯化后克隆至pGEM-TEasy载体,筛选阳性克隆进行序列测定。结果表明,浒苔的ITS-1序列长度为195bp,5.8S序列为155bp,ITS-2序列为181bp,该序列与浒苔属的多种物种ITS序列具有很高的同源性,在ITS-1区、5.8SrDNA区和ITS-2区仅存在4个转换/颠换位点。结合GenBank注册序列和本研究的结果发现,单纯依靠ITS序列并不能对浒苔属种类进行有效的分类鉴定。 相似文献
10.
凹顶藻属(Laurencia)属于红藻门,真红藻纲,仙菜目,松节藻科,凹顶藻亚科。本属是松节藻科种类最多的少数几个属之一，目前世界上已知约85种左右,多生于热带、亚热带和温带海域。本属的种类变异很大,在分类上被认为是很困难的一个属。
本文对我国西沙群岛产的凹顶藻属进行了分类研究,除因标本数量过少或因缺乏必要的生殖器官,有待将来调查采集补充标本后再行研究外,经鉴定共有下列11种,隶于两个亚属和6个组。 相似文献
11.
The asymmetric three-dimensional radiation pattern and resultant elastodynamic response of stress waves in a model comprising a compressible water column overlying a transversely isotropic seabed in which a time-harmonic source acts is theoretically investigated. The use of potential functions, the Hankel transform, and a Fourier series expansion are adopted to deal with the equations of motion for both media. Closed-form integral expressions are developed for the potentials and the stress/displacement components. The expressions and introduced procedure are sufficiently flexible to incorporate various types of source loads. To evaluate the field quantities, the residue method and a robust integration scheme are utilized to handle the poles and branch points within the integrand. Any possible number of dispersive propagation modes are taken into account in the integral evaluation. The deduced velocity dispersion curves depict the characteristics of the various modes. They also indicate the existing singular points (poles) for a specific dimensionless frequency and the surface wave type associated with each pole. Numerical results are presented for the hydrodynamic pressure and displacement in the liquid layer and stress and displacement components in the solid seabed due to distributed and concentrated source excitations. The formulation and the numerical scheme are valid for calculating the wavefield anywhere within the model including both far- and near-field effects. The sensitivity of the results to different parameters is also analyzed. Both analytical and numerical comparisons with existing solutions for simpler cases are made to confirm the validity of the results. The results are especially useful in seismic hazard assessment of submarine earthquakes, landslides, and tsunamis. They can also be extended to deal with the fluid-solid-structure interaction problems. 相似文献
12.
Interactions between water waves and non-wall-sided cylinders are analyzed based on velocity potential theory with fully nonlinear boundary conditions on the free surface and the body surface. The finite element method (FEM) is adopted together with a 3D mesh generated through an extension of a 2D Delaunay grid on a horizontal plane along the depth. The linear matrix equation for the velocity potential is constructed by imposing the governing equation and boundary conditions through the Galerkin method and is solved through an iterative method. By imposing the gradient of the potential equal to the velocity, the Galerkin method is used again to obtain the velocity field in the fluid domain. Simulations are made for bottom mounted and truncated cylinders with flare in a numerical tank. Periodic waves and wave groups are generated by a piston type wave maker mounted on one end of the tank. Results are obtained for forces, wave profiles and wave runups. Further simulations are made for a cylinder with flare subjected to forced motion in otherwise still open water. Results are provided for surge and heave motion in different amplitudes, and for a body moving in a circular path in the horizontal plane. Comparisons are made in several cases with the results obtained from the second order solution in the time domain. 相似文献
13.
The extreme values of wave climate data are of great interest in a number of different ocean engineering applications, including the design and operation of ships and offshore structures, marine energy generation, aquaculture and coastal installations. Typically, the return values of certain met-ocean parameters such as significant wave height are of particular importance. There exist many methods for estimating such return values, including the initial distribution approach, the block maxima approach and the peaks-over threshold approach. In a climate change perspective, projections of such return values to a future climate are of great importance for risk management and adaptation purposes. However, many approaches to extreme value modelling assume stationary conditions and it is not straightforward how to include non-stationarity of the extremes due to for example climate change. In this paper, various non-stationary GEV-models for significant wave height are developed that account for trends and shifts in the extreme wave climate due to climate change. These models are fitted to block maxima in a particular set of wave data obtained for a historical control period and two future projections for a future period corresponding to different emission scenarios. These models are used to investigate whether there are trends in the data within each period that influence the extreme value analysis and need to be taken into account. Moreover, it will be investigated whether there are significant inter-period shifts or trends in the extreme wave climate from the historical period to the future periods. The results from this study suggest that the intra-period trends are not statistically significant and that it might be reasonable to ignore these in extreme value analyses within each period. However, when it comes to comparing the different data sets, i.e. the historical period and the future projections, statistical significant inter-period changes are detected. Hence, the accumulated effect of a climatic trend may not be negligible over longer time periods. Interestingly enough, such statistically significant shifts are not detected if stationary extreme value models are fitted to each period separately. Therefore, the non-stationary extreme value models with inter-period shifts in the parameters are proposed as an alternative for extreme value modelling in a climate change perspective, in situations where historical data and future projections are available. 相似文献
14.
Spatial, environmental, and material resources are important for tidal flats and wetlands, thus, a harmonious balance between utilization and protection should be maintained. In the present study, the concept of tidal flat is defined, and its spatial limitation is also clarified. Located at the Yangtze Estuary, tidal flats in Shanghai area are selected for study. The relationship between water discharge and sediment transport of the Yangtze River, allowed exploration intensity and needs for wetland protection are discussed in the paper. The dynamic process and changing trend for different types of tidal flats are illustrated in detail. Regulations are proposed for a reasonable exploitation, dynamic protection, and ecosystem restoration of each individual tidal fiat and wetland. Some valuable suggestions are put forward for further study about the sustain＇able exploitation of offshore resources in Shanghai area. 相似文献
15.
《Oceanic Engineering, IEEE Journal of》2006,31(2):462-469
A design for a sailing robot capable of holding station in a variety of wind and sea conditions is described. Results from experiments with an autonomously controlled small-scale prototype on a lake are also presented. The likely effects and problems of scale-up are examined, as are the cost considerations. Potential applications for a larger version of the robot are discussed and the requirements for communication and long term autonomy are considered in the light of the results obtained with the prototype. The potential for low-cost, flexible, in situ ocean observation is examined and likely capabilities of a system based on this type of robot are considered. 相似文献
16.
石英示踪物源研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了石英的性质和它作为有效指示剂来示踪物源的理论基础,进而详细介绍了使用扫描电镜、质谱、电子自旋共振和阴极发光等仪器对石英矿物的表面微结构、氧同位素比值、形成年龄和阴极发光颜色等特征进行研究来追踪物源的方法以及这些方法的可行性。还根据近年来研究者应用石英矿物来示踪物源的研究进展提出了今后利用石英研究物源需要注意的4个问题。 相似文献
17.
18.
This paper presents a nonlinear frequency domain model and uses this to assess the performance of a wave energy converter (WEC) array with a nonlinear power take-off (PTO). In this model, the nonlinear PTO forces are approximated by a truncated Fourier series, while the dynamics of the WEC array are described by a set of linear motion equations in the frequency domain, and the hydrodynamic coefficients are obtained with the boundary element method. A single heave absorber is firstly investigated to establish the accuracy of the new model in capturing the nonlinear behaviour of the pumping system. Subsequently, simulations of a 2D array with 18 WECs and a pillar in the centre (representing the tower of a wind turbine) are carried out to understand wave interference effects. Several optimisation strategies are proposed to improve the overall performance of the WEC array. These results demonstrate a computationally effective method for accounting for nonlinear effects in large WEC arrays. The proposed approach may potentially be applied for developing control algorithms for the adaptability of a 2D array to incoming wave excitation. 相似文献
19.
Fluctuations and Variations in Coastal Marine Environments 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Abstract. The manifold aspects of variability of coastal marine ecosystems are reviewed, with special reference to the response of species and communities. Fluctuations are defined as recurrent modifications in community structure, for instance due to seasonality, whereas variations are defined as changes permanently leading from a given community to a different one. Both patterns are described and linked to the interaction between life history traits and environmental factors. Resting stages are proposed to play a still underestimated role in the dynamics of coastal communities, especially for plankton. Rare species are considered as an essential constant of communities, being the source of potential variation and alternance in the contribution to the standing biomass. 相似文献
20.
Long-term data sets are discussed for three locations – a southern North Sea location, where sea states are typically dominated by wind-sea conditions, a Northwest Shelf of Australia location, where sea states are often a mix of wind-sea and swell conditions, and a Guinea Gulf location offshore Nigeria, where sea states are dominated by swell. Various types of sea state statistics that have application to availability studies are presented; but databases of these type that also include wind and current data can also be used to estimate response parameters, which can give a more direct assessment of availability, and some example statistics of these are also given. Finally, the availability of offloading an FLNG barge to carrier is evaluated for each of the data sets, for specific operability criteria. Two types of operability criteria are used in the availability evaluations, and the results compared. 相似文献