共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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地震活动与煤矿灾害事故关系的思考 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
煤岩层稳定性受各种应力叠加控制 ,其中构造应力的作用不可忽视。研究表明 :瓦斯事故、突水事故、顶板事故等 ,背后都或多或少隐藏着构造诱因。中国煤炭学会的杨力生先生总结说 :煤与瓦斯突出多发生在小构造应力集中区 ,而小构造具有继承积累大构造应力的特征。突出矿井必定分布在煤田应力集中区 ,突出煤田必定分布在大区构造应力集中区 ,突出大区必定分布在大地构造沉降应力集中带。中国大陆煤矿企业 2 0 0 0年 7月到 2 0 0 2年 7月期间 ,各类灾害发生频率与地震 (北纬 2 0～ 6 0° ,东经 6 0～ 130°)发生频率对应情况见图 1。结果显示 ,… 相似文献
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我国煤矿的主要地质灾害及防治对策 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
肖和平 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2001,12(1):51-54
文章综合分析了煤矿区地震、滑坡、地面沉陷与塌陷、煤与瓦斯突出及突水等主要地质灾害。通过对各类灾害特征、成生机理及危害的研究，认为(1)煤矿地质灾害严重地危害着矿山正常生产和人民生活；(2)煤矿矿震生成主要是脆硬-软地层结构、褶皱构造、构造活化区及地下水突变、采煤卸载等内外环境因子综合作用的结果；(3)煤矿滑坡、地面沉陷及塌陷、煤与瓦斯突出和突水等地质灾害是矿区工程活动破坏了地质构造和生态环境、山体原始平衡所致。在此基础上，提出了煤矿地质灾害链和防御措施。 相似文献
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青藏高原昆仑—汶川地震系列与巴颜喀喇断块的最新活动 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：22
青藏高原是中国最主要的地震活动区之一。最近十多年来,在青藏高原中部连续发生了1997年西藏玛尼Ms7.5级地震、2001年青海昆仑山Ms8.1级地震、2008年3月新疆于田Ms7.3级地震和5月四川汶川Ms8.0级地震及2010年青海玉树Ms7.1级地震,它们相继发生于青藏断块区巴颜喀喇断块四周边界活动断裂带上,是该断块最新活动的结果。发生于断块南北边界断裂上的3次地震都是走滑断裂错动的结果,发生在断块东南端的汶川地震则是挤压逆冲断裂的产物,而西北端的于田地震则呈现出张性特征,它们共同反映青藏断块区巴颜喀喇条状断块向东南方向滑动的最新活动。自1900年以来,青藏断块区和巴颜喀喇断块的强震活动表现出多期活动和区域性转移的特征,20世纪早期Ms7.0级以上强地震活动的主体地区在青藏断块区北部边界构造带,中期转移到高原南部喜马拉雅板块边界构造带和断块区南部断块,最近十多年来则在巴颜喀喇断块及周缘边界断裂上活动。青藏高原这种块体活动和地震活动与澳大利亚-印度板块对亚洲大陆的推挤作用相关,因而,青藏高原和巴颜喀喇断块的强震活动与澳-印板块边界苏门答腊强震活动相对应。目前苏门答腊地区强震活动仍在继续,因此,近期对巴颜喀喇断块及青藏高原南部地区的强震活动和强震危险性仍需加以注意。 相似文献
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灰山港-煤炭坝地震构造环境及动力因子探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章归纳出灰山港－煤炭坝矿震具频度低、强度小、烈度高；系孤立型及主震－余震型；地震活动无明显的规律性可循和无前兆的突发性等特征，进而分析了地震构造环境、地震孕育及发生的动力因子。认为该区处在多个活动在块体交汇及活动断裂夹持区域，是构造应力集聚较高地区，加之，区内存在地壳内花岗岩层和玄武岩层上涌的热能附加应力和人类采掘煤矿工程活动引起的诱发地震的功能，以致灰山港－煤炭坝地区时的有矿震活动。 相似文献
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汪家寨煤矿是严重的煤与瓦斯突出矿井,依据矿区实际瓦斯地质资料,运用瓦斯地质理论和构造演化理论,研究了区域和井田构造控制特征。分析认为该矿主要以中小型突出、倾出为主,压出为辅;随煤层埋深的增加突出强度增大;C409煤突出最为严重;突出多发生在煤巷掘进面及断层影响带。分析了埋藏深度、顶底板岩性、煤厚及其变化、软分层、地质构造等因素对煤矿煤与瓦斯突出的影响,认为断层及其影响带、厚煤尤其是其增厚部位是煤与瓦斯突出的易发区域,因此断层构造和煤层厚度及其变化控制着该矿突出的发生和分布规律,为煤与瓦斯突出的主控因素。研究成果为矿井突出防治工作提供了理论指导。 相似文献
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针对地震活动与顶板事故进行时空序列统计分析,得出两点新认识:(1)顶板事故与宏观地震序列有较强的频率对应,似乎是"遥相呼应";(2)相当多的顶板事故伴随有周边小震发生。推测部分原因是这些矿井位于地震带附近,部分原因是采矿卸压引发矿震,一些地震可能是宏观地震序列中的一部分。如果能够掌握,并加以利用,对于安全生产具有一定意义:对既定煤田,查找周边对矿区地应力影响强烈的地震带或断裂带,这些矿井顶板事故有可能成为周边地震带或断裂带的"应力窗",而地震带或断裂带的活动又成为煤矿地质灾害的"晴雨表"。在煤田大区,可以把顶板事故群发当作构造应力扰动的一种反映,作为大区构造应力扰动传入矿区,再与开采卸压作用叠加,引起地质灾害的证据。 相似文献
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昆仑山与汶川强烈地震对青藏块体东北缘地壳运动及应变积累的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
充分应用GPS、区域水准、跨断层等地形变观测资料, 借助非震负位错反演, 结合地震活动, 综合研究2001年11月14日昆仑山Ms8.1级地震对青藏块体东北缘地壳运动与应变积累的影响。通过分析笔者认为, 青藏块体内部Ms8.1级巨大地震能量释放产生的扰动应力场对NE向主压背景应力场的调制作用, 导致块体边界构造区域地壳差异运动和应力应变状态发生变化。其中, 对阿尔金断裂东段与祁连山断裂带西段的应变积累状态反映减缓为主的影响, 而对祁连山断裂带中东段则反映促进应变积累为主的影响。这种影响是一定时期、一定程度的。近期青藏块体东北缘区域应力场处于昆仑山、玉门、民乐等地震后的恢复状态。而由2008年5月12日汶川Ms8.0地震后有限的GPS、跨断层短水准观测资料, 可推测汶川地震对甘川交界东段-甘川陕交界区应变积累状况一定程度促进影响。 相似文献
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通过对6口钻井岩心的详细观察,在塔里木盆地西南缘的西昆仑山前叶城凹陷中新统克孜洛依组和安居安组发现同沉积的软沉积物变形构造,包括液化砂脉、负载及球枕构造、挤入构造、液化卷曲变形、软泥触变变形、液化底劈、软布丁构造及同沉积微断层等,分布广,且重复出现。经与典型的震积岩比较认为,它们都属于地震成因的沉积构造。分析认为,克孜洛依组和安居安组的震积岩可分为4个发育时期,时间跨度大约为5 Ma(16—11 Ma),第1、2期时间较长、构造活动较强烈,第3、4期时间较短、构造活动较弱。这是首次在塔西南地区新近系陆相地层中发现震积岩,震积岩的发育与中新世西昆仑山阶段性隆升、山前逆冲带多条逆冲断层活动引发的周期性地震活动有关。 相似文献
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防治煤与瓦斯突出是保障煤矿安全高效开采和国家能源稳定供应的前提条件。近期频发的煤矿瓦斯突出事故(2021年3月25日左权煤矿突出事故、4月9日东风煤矿突出事故)造成12人死亡,再次表明实现“零突出”的目标还有非常艰巨的路程要走。针对当前突出机理不清、突出事故频发现状,开展我国2001—2020年突出事故统计分析,数据显示,20年共发生突出事故484起、死亡3 195人,尽管近年来突出事故得到有效控制,然而在煤矿事故中仍处于相对较高水平且愈加突显。在此基础上,进一步从突出事故等级、发生地点、发生时间等方面分析2011—2020年突出事故时空分布规律,结果表明:12个省(直辖市)近10年共发生突出事故93起、死亡645人,其中较大突出事故持续占据主导地位、特别重大突出事故死亡人数常年居高不下、一般突出事故占比逐渐上升;突出事故具有“分布范围广、分布较为集中、南多北少、南重北轻”的地域分布特点,其中贵州省、湖南省、云南省、河南省4省最为严重,累计占总事故起数和死亡人数的68%和79%;突出事故集中发生在每年的5—7月和11—12月,每月的4—6日、15—17日和28—29日,每日的1—2时、5—6时、10—12时和17—20时等时段。针对突出事故呈现出高低交替的周期性发展规律,从安全管理的角度指出,必须将防突措施落实到每一天、每一班的生产中,越是突出事故低发期,越要加强安全管理,长期保持“安全意识增强—事故低发期—安全意识增强”的良性循环是突出防控的核心思路。 相似文献
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This paper is concerned with the mechanism of coal breakage under high-pressure water jet (HPWJ) and its applications. A model of HPWJ impinging on coal target was established to study the cracking mechanism of coal under impact load. The characteristic and pressure distribution of HPWJ, the propagation characteristics of stress wave in coal, the mechanical properties of different coal particles, and the fracture characteristics of coal under HPWJ erosion were investigated theoretically and numerically. The results show that the shock wave and water wedge pressure are the main factors that cause coal breakage and crack propagation. The damage to the far-field coal particles affected by HPWJ is primarily caused by tensile stress, and the damage to the near-field coal particles affected by HPWJ is caused by the coupled effects of tensile stress and compressive stress. An erosion cavity is formed in the coal model with diameters of 1.25 to 2.5 times that of the jet at different depths. Meanwhile, the strong quasi-static pressure at the crack discontinuities further promotes the propagation of radial cracks around the erosion cavity to form a fracture zone, and the diameter of the fracture zone at different depths is 3.5 to 4.0 times that of the jet. In addition, the results of field application show that there is a significant difference between the methane parameters in the hydraulic flushing borehole and the conventional borehole; the average methane volume fraction and the average methane flow rate in hydraulic flushing boreholes are 3.85 and 3.67 times, respectively, that in conventional boreholes. Indicating hydraulic flushing can effectively promote the initiation and propagation of coal cracks. These results are of great significance to improve coalbed methane drainage technology and prevent gas disaster accidents in coal mines. 相似文献
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Liang Wang Yuan-ping Cheng Feng-hua An Hong-xing Zhou Sheng-li Kong Wei Wang 《Natural Hazards》2014,71(1):85-107
The Huaibei coalfield is in the East China Economic Area, which is rich in coal and gas resources. However, hundreds of coal and gas outburst accidents have occurred because of the complex geological structures of the coalfield. Based on theoretical analysis and field statistics, the characteristics of regional geological structures and the coal measure strata evolution in the Huaibei coalfield were researched, and gas resource distribution and gas parameters were statistically analyzed to determine the dominant controlling factors of gas occurrence and gas dynamic disaster. The results indicated that the Huaibei coalfield has undergone complex tectonic evolution, causing obvious differences in gas storage in different blocks of different mining areas, which exhibits a pattern of high amounts of gas in the south and east, and low amounts of gas in the north and west. The coal seam and gas occurrence have a bipolar distribution in the coalfield caused by multiple tectonic movements, and they are deeply buried. Horizontal tectonic stress plays a dominant role in gas outburst, and the thermal evolution and trap effects of magma intrusion increase the possibility and extent of gas outburst. Considering coal seam and gas occurrence characteristics in the coalfield, we propose a new technology for deep coal reservoir reconstruction which combined present underground regional gas control methods and surface well extraction methods. The technology has three effects: developing gas resources, improving coal mining safety level and reducing greenhouse gas emissions, which has been practiced to be effective in coal mines in the Huaibei coalfield. 相似文献
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攸县矿山地质灾害及其防治对策 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
攸县有各类煤矿320多家，废石乱堆乱放，引起泥石流；不规落开采，造成植被破坏，地下水位下降，引起地面沉隆，塌陷和矿井冒顶，突水、瓦斯爆炸等矿山地质灾害；这就是煤矿布局不合理，未对采矿活动全程监管所致，为使矿山地质灾害降到最低程度，必须加强领导，加大地质调查力度，多方筹集资金，编制全县矿山地质灾害防治规则，实行谁破坏，谁治理，以保护国家和人民生命财产安全。 相似文献
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煤矿采空区瓦斯流动分布规律分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
近年来，由于煤矿开采深度的增加、煤与瓦斯突出事故的增多，使人们更加重视对瓦斯运动规律的研究。上隅角瓦斯超限现象在我国煤矿众多高瓦斯矿井中普遍存在，是影响矿井持续、稳定和安全生产的重要原因和事故隐患。为了探讨上隅角瓦斯聚积的根本原因，文章依据渗流理论，在分析采空区内瓦斯流态的前提下，通过建立采空区瓦斯渗流和分布的数学模型，定出边界条件，对采空区瓦斯流动分布规律进行了研究，为分析上隅角瓦斯浓度分布和预测上隅角瓦斯浓度提供了理论依据，对上隅角瓦斯的防治和煤与瓦斯突出预测具有实际意义。 相似文献
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煤矿井下卡钻、埋钻导致的孔内断钻杆事故时常发生,目前常用的公母丝锥造扣的打捞方法成功率较低,不仅耗费大量的人力物力,还会影响煤矿开采生产进度。基于此,设计了井下可退式卡瓦打捞筒,通过外筒的螺旋锥面驱动卡瓦径向卡紧断裂的钻杆,实现起拔打捞井内钻杆。卡瓦抱紧钻杆的结构设计,提高了打捞筒对断裂钻具的把持力。控制环的键槽结构设计,实现了复杂工况下可退式操作。分析了打捞作业时钻机回转扭矩产生的切应力与打捞筒强度的关系、钻机起拔力产生的正应力与打捞筒强度的关系,为打捞筒壁厚参数设计提供理论支持;分析了钻机起拔力转换为卡瓦对钻杆抱紧力的公式,验证了卡瓦打捞筒打捞孔内钻具的可行性;试制的打捞筒在山西新源煤矿井下现场进行了打捞试验,试验表明其结构设计合理,打捞性能可靠。本研究为煤矿井下处理复杂钻孔断钻事故提供新型工具,为打捞工具结构设计提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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By analyzing the gas occurrence, it is found that ground stress plays a leading role in coal and gas outburst in eastern coal mines of Nos. 8, 10 and 12 in Pingdingshan Mining Area where show the most serious outburst hazards. According to the isograms of coal seam depth in F Group, the relationship between the distributions of the fold tectonic stress and the coal and gas outburst was simulated using the ANSYS program. The result shows that the stress concentrates near to the fault and the outcrop of the fault enhances the possibility of gas outburst. The shear stress in the north of the anticline is greater than that in the south. The shear stress direction on the north wing of the anticline is dextral and the coal seam in this area exhibits highest possibility for gas outburst. However, on the surrounding rock, the shear stress direction on the north wing of the anticline is sinistral. The regions with fold tectonic stress ranging from 1.44 to 4.47 MPa correspond to the sites with high risk of gas outburst. Ground stress is the main factor controlling the coal and gas outburst in the three mines. Currently, the distribution of coal and gas outburst in the three mines is in agreement with that of coal shear stress. 相似文献
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在煤炭开采过程中,瓦斯事故是煤矿五大自然灾害中,危害最大、破坏性最严重、伤亡人数最多的一类事故。随着矿井生产向深部延伸,地质构造复杂多变,瓦斯压力、瓦斯含量增大,瓦斯超限、瓦斯中毒造成人员死亡事故也时有发生。本文以皖南地区为例,从煤矿业主重视程度不足、技术力量薄弱、职工安全意识淡薄、管理存在缺陷等方面对低瓦斯矿井瓦斯中毒、窒息原因进行分析,为预防煤矿瓦斯中毒窒息事故的发生,提出针对性的防治措施。 相似文献
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Using TAW-2000KN electro-hydraulic servo rock press machines and the American Physical Acoustics Company’s SH-II acoustic emission systems, experimental studies began to address the mechanical properties in different beddings of loaded coal and the related acoustic emission characteristics, established based on the acoustic emission damage model, and verify the model. The results show that the mechanical properties of different coal sample beddings are distinctive, with maximum uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of vertical stratification of coal samples and the minimum Poisson’s ratio. Thus, the minimum uniaxial compressive strength and elastic modulus of oblique bedding coal samples along with the maximum Poisson’s ratio in the processes of loading result in different bedding coal samples having different stress–strain curves, especially when different bedding coal samples experience the stages of fissure compression, elastic deformation, plastic deformation and instability and destruction. In addition, the displacement proportions of each stage of the loading process have relatively obvious differences: the loading times of vertical, parallel and oblique bedding coal are 495, 382 and 331 s, respectively, and their acoustic emission mutation points of peak stress are approximately 60, 41 and 33%, respectively. Thus, we can use the mutation point as precursor information to estimate the damage intensity in different bedding seams. The theoretical and experimental stress–strain curves obtained by the coal damage model are basically identical, verifying the reliability of the model and reflecting the feasibility of acoustic emission technology in the study of coal damage. The results can effectively forecast coal and gas outburst hazard in coal mines, especially highly gassy and outburst mines. It can also make comprehensive predictions for flooding accidents, roof fall accidents and other disasters, and provide valuable evacuation time for underground coal mine workers. The results are of great scientific significance in safeguarding the safety of coal mines. 相似文献