共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 271 毫秒
1.
马兰和普若岗日冰芯记录了气候环境变化对中低纬度地区微生物群落分布和矿物结构的影响.研究表明,可培养微生物群落组成以细菌为主.进一步的16S(18S)rDNA序列分析表明,嗜细胞菌-黄杆菌属和衣藻属是冰芯微生物的优势地方菌群.微生物群落密度与矿物含量有密切的对应关系,较多的微生物群落一般出现在矿物含量较高的冰层中.但是,在个别具有很多矿物微粒的样品中却没有出现预期很多的微生物.马兰冰芯研究还揭示了寒冷期微生物群落密度大和暖期微生物群落密度小的反相关关系.与暖期W1中发生的一次较大的降温突变相对应,在L1中微生物数量也出现一个峰值.该研究为利用冰芯记录重建古气候环境变化提供了另一个有效手段. 相似文献
2.
3.
现代冰川雪冰中的微粒是重建过去气候环境变化的一项重要替代性指标。根据前人对极地冰盖和山地冰川冰芯及雪坑样品中的微粒粒径、矿物特征和含量变化等研究成果,讨论了微粒粒径变化,微粒与火山活动、大气气溶胶的关系,以及冰芯测年、微粒来源等相关分析,认为微粒中的代表性矿物、火山玻璃、粗糙系数和粒径分布可作为确定微粒源区的指标;微粒含量的变化与大气环流、气温高低及干湿程度密切相关,微粒含量的高值对应冷干气候,反之为暖湿;大气环流加强时,微粒含量增加,反之减少。微粒研究还能获得如火山活动、人类影响等特殊事件的信息。 相似文献
4.
应用流式细胞技术分析了取自青藏高原西部慕士塔格冰川73m冰芯上部56.27m中细菌的数量变化,在1907～2000年的93年中,细菌年平均数在0.66×103ml(1982年)至6.91×103个/ml(1912年)之间变化,平均2.59×103个/ml.细菌数量的变化可分为10个不同的阶段,其中6个高峰期和4个低峰期,分别与氧同位素所反映的高温和低温期有较好的对应.冰芯中细菌数量除温度影响外,还受人类活动和陆源粉尘的影响.慕士塔格冰芯中细菌的数量远低于位于高原中部的各拉丹冬冰芯中细菌的数量,且慕士塔格冰芯中细菌数量受陆源粉尘的影响也小于各拉丹冬冰芯,可能是因为慕士塔格冰芯所处荒漠带植物稀少和土壤中细菌数量少所致,慕士塔格和各拉丹冬冰芯中细菌数量的不同反映了冰芯细菌对所处的不同生态环境的响应. 相似文献
5.
不溶微粒是冰雪中重要的气候环境变化参数,通过冰雪中微粒记录研究气候环境变化是冰雪研究的一个重要方向。20世纪中后期对冰雪微粒的研究主要集中在南极和格陵兰,到20世纪末期时一些研究人员开始关注中纬度的冰雪微粒的研究,特别是青藏高原冰雪微粒的研究。到目前为止,共有4根冰芯（敦德冰芯、古里雅冰芯、达索普冰芯和慕士塔格冰芯）和数个雪坑开展了微粒研究。青藏高原冰雪微粒研究主要从微粒定年、微粒浓度、粒径分布、特殊事件的记录以及与可溶性离子的关系等方面进行了研究。主要回顾了从80年代末开始的青藏高原冰雪微粒研究的一些主要方法和主要成果并且展望了今后微粒重点研究的方向。 相似文献
6.
天山冰芯细菌多样性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以在天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川钻取的5.18 m长的浅冰芯为研究对象,对冰芯不同层面的微生物总数、可培养细菌数量和种类进行分析.发现天山1号冰芯微生物总数为103～105细胞·mL-1,可培养细菌数为0～300 cfu·mL-1,冰层中的微生物数量明显多于粒雪层,可能是淋溶作用使细菌移动并保存在冰层中;分离到的细菌分属于14个属,大部分与来自海洋和其它陆地冰川的细菌具有很高的同源性,不同的气泡冰层的细菌在数量和种类组成上都有较大的差异.其中Frigoribacterium、 Flavobacterium、 Arthrobacter为天山1号冰芯中的主要优势菌,Brevundimona、 Pseudomonas和Pedobacter为次要优势菌,并且Frigoribacterium和Flavobacterium在冰芯不同深度均有分布,其数量与冰层中可培养细菌数量变化相一致;Cohnella和unclassified_Paenibacillaceae所代表的属的细菌未在其它低温环境下发现,可能为天山冰川的地方种类. 相似文献
7.
祁连山不同海拔氮磷循环细菌数量变化特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
祁连山植被的水源涵养作用对于维持黑河的流量至关重要,地下微生物参与生态系统的物质和能量循环,维持了地上植被的稳定,因而具有重要的生态作用. 研究分析了祁连山冰沟流域不同海拔梯度上硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、固氮细菌、解磷细菌和植酸矿化细菌的数量随土壤深度的变化规律. 结果表明：随土壤深度的增加,氮磷循环细菌的数量下降;随海拔升高,硝化细菌相对减少,而反硝化细菌和固氮细菌呈增多的趋势. 典范对应分析（CCA）显示,硝化细菌的数量变化主要受地下生物量和土壤pH值的影响,而反硝化细菌、固氮细菌、解磷细菌和植酸矿化细菌主要受植被盖度、地上生物量和土壤含水量的影响. 聚类分析表明,低海拔（E1-2 905 m和E2-3 128 m）浅层土壤（0~40 cm）聚类,而其深层土壤（60 cm）与高海拔（E3-4 130 m）土壤聚类,说明高海拔处土壤发育与低海拔处深层土壤的早期发育相类似. 研究表明,高山地区氮磷循环细菌数量的变化受到海拔主导下植被和土壤理化因子的共同作用. 相似文献
8.
基于微粒变化对崇测冰帽浅层冰芯的定年结果 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
冰芯年代学的建立, 对于稳定同位素定年方法失效的钻点尤为困难. 依据粒径在0.66～1.33μm之间的不可溶尘埃微粒的浓度垂向分布, 并结合阳离子Ca2 的浓度剖面变化, 实现了对崇测冰帽冰芯浅层的断代. 该冰芯钻自海拔6 532 m的冰穹顶部, 解析的18.7 m冰芯长度占到钻点冰层深度约2/5, 辅助的定年参数包括钻点表层5 a的实测净积累率和大气核试验的地层标志. 综合各种技巧定年, 崇测冰帽该冰芯覆盖的记录年代为1902-1992年, 最底部累积误差在±2 a(约为2%). 相似文献
9.
基于青藏高原昆仑山玉珠峰冰川Core 1冰芯钻取过程中所获得的相关资料,揭示出在该冰芯钻取点处的冰川内部34.34~34.64 m深度段存在一个富含水冰层,其未冻水(液态水)具有承压性质,水头高度至少可达到8.54 m. 该富含水冰层的存在不仅对冰川温度场带来了极大的影响,而且使该层中δ18O记录趋于均一化. 通过分析,揭示出该富含水冰层中可溶杂质离子浓度明显高于其上部冰层中的可溶杂质离子浓度,这是富含水冰层在形成初期其上部粒雪层融水下渗所引起的可溶杂质离子淋溶的结果. 同时,研究表明玉珠峰冰川粒雪中可溶杂质离子的优先淋溶顺序为NO3-> Mg2+> Na+> Cl-> K+> SO42-> Ca2+> NH4+. 提出可利用最易淋溶离子的浓度与最不易淋溶离子的浓度之比值,来判断冰雪层中可溶杂质离子浓度峰值是否与淋溶有关. 结合青藏高原其他地点冰芯钻取过程中发现的富含水冰层状况,认为青藏高原冰川内部富含水冰层不是在整个冰川区域内呈层状分布,而是在冰川内部呈透镜状分布. 冰川内部富含水冰层的存在,表明其形成初期气候相对较暖. 最后,阐明了青藏高原冰川中富含水冰层的形成机理与演化过程,并预测了其潜在的灾害效应. 相似文献
10.
乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川不溶微粒的季节变化特征 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：12
冰芯中的不溶微粒是反映大气粉尘的良好指标,亦是冰芯定年的重要方法。为了探究不溶微粒在雪层中的季节变化特征,对采自乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川4 130 m处的雪冰样品进行不溶微粒分析。表层雪中粗微粒浓度在一年中有2个峰值,分别出现在12~3月、6~9月;总微粒只有一个峰值区,出现在4~8月。对比同期气象资料发现,其受降水、大气环流以及局地风影响显著。结合雪层物理剖面和微粒在雪层中的浓度发现：污化层是粗颗粒（直径大于10 μm）聚集的区域。对该粒径范围的微粒浓度峰值进行跟踪,发现不溶微粒在雪层中的浓度和位置变化与融水、物理成冰过程密切相关。 相似文献
11.
青藏高原唐古拉哈日钦冰芯表层和深层可培养细菌特征 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对唐古拉哈日钦冰芯表层0.04~3.04 m及深层127.44~130.36 m中可培养细菌进行了对比研究。发现表层和深层可培养细菌数没有表现出显著差异性,表层冰芯中可培养细菌数为0~9.8×103 CFU·mL-1,略高于深层冰芯的0~8.4×103 CFU·mL-1。表层冰芯中微生物总数为103~106 cells·mL-1,深层冰芯中微生物总数为102~103 cells·mL-1。冰芯中可培养细菌属于Firmicutes（厚壁菌门）、Proteobacteria（变形菌门）、Actinobacteria（放线菌门）、Bacteroidetes（拟杆菌门）和Deinococcus-Thermus（异常球菌门） 5大类。但表层和深层可培养细菌属于不同的优势门,表层为Proteobacteria（38%）,深层为Firmicutes（42%）。表层和深层优势属均为Bacillus（芽孢杆菌属）,占比分别为18%和29%。已有研究表明哈日钦冰芯98.8 m达到了公元1000年的历史记录,因此对比千年尺度上可培养细菌数量及多样性的差异,能够为进一步发掘新基因,丰富微生物多样性,为了解可培养细菌的进化历史奠定基础。 相似文献
12.
Liang Shen Tandong Yao Baiqing Xu Hongmei Wang Nianzhi Jiao Shichang Kang Xiaobo Liu Yongqin Liu 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(3):327-334
Ice melt water from a 22.27 m ice core which was drilled from the East Rongbuk Glacier, Mt.Everest was incubation in two incubation ways:plate melt water directly and enrichment melt water prior plate,respectively.The abundance of cultivable bacteria ranged from 0-295 CFU mL-1 to 0-1720 CFU mL-1 in two incubations with a total of 1385 isolates obtained.Comparing to direct cultivation, enrichment cultivation recovered more bacteria.Pigment-producing bacteria accounted for an average of 84.9%of total isolates.Such high percentage suggested that pigment production may be an adaptive physiological feature for the bacteria in ice core to cope with strong ultraviolet radiation on the glacier.The abundances of cultivable bacteria and pigment-producing isolates varied synchronously along deplh:higher abundance in the middle and lower at the top and bottom.It indicated that the middle part of the ice core was hospitable for the microbial survival.Based on the physiological properties of the colonies,eighty-nine isolates were selected for phylogenetic analysis.Obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences fell into four groups:Firmicutes,Alpha-Proteobacteria,Gamma-Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria,with the Firmicutes being dominant.Microbial compositions derived from direct and enrichment cultivations were not overlapped.We suggest that it is a better way to explore the cultiiiable microbial diversity in ice core by combining the approaches of both direct and enrichment cultivation. 相似文献
13.
Yong Zhang Xin Su Fang Chen Yuanyuan Wang Lu Jiao Hailiang Dong Yongyang Huang Hongchen Jiang 《地学前缘(英文版)》2012,3(3):301-316
South China Sea(SCS) is the largest Western Pacific marginal sea.However,microbial studies have never been performed in the cold seep sediments in the SCS.In 2004."SONNE" 177 cruise found two cold seep areas with different water depth in the northern SCS.Haiyang 4 area,where the water depth is around 3000 m.has already been confirmed for active seeping on the seafloor.such as microbial mats,authigenic carbonate crusts and bivalves.We investigated microbial abundance and diversity in a 5.55-111 sediment core collected from this cold seep area.An integrated approach was employed including geochemistry and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analyses.Here,we show that microbial abundance and diversity along with geochemistry profiles of the sediment core revealed a coupled reaction between sulphate reduction and methane oxidation.Acridine orange direct count results showed that microbial abundance ranges from 10~5 to 10~6 cells/g sediment(wet weight).The depth-related variation of the abundance showed the same trend as the methane concentration profile.Phylogenetic analysis indicated the presence of sulphate-reducing bacteria and anaerobic methane-oxidizing archaea.The diversity was much higher at the surface,but decreased sharply with depth in response to changes in the geochemical conditions of the sediments,such as methane,sulphate concentration and total organic carbon.Marine Benthic Group B.Chloroflexi and JSl were predominant phylotypes of the archaeal and bacterial libraries,respectively. 相似文献
14.
Zhou Jiang Ping Li Yanhong Wang Bing Li Yamin Deng Yanxin Wang 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2014,71(1):311-318
To understand the mechanism of arsenic mobilization from sediment to groundwater mediated by microorganism, vertical distribution of bacterial populations in aquifer sediments of the Hetao plain, Inner Mongolia was investigated by a two-step nested PCR-DGGE and 16S rRNA gene clone libraries, combined with sediment geochemistry. A borehole to 30 m depth was drilled and 11 sediment samples were collected. Lithological profile and different geochemical characteristics of sediments indicated a distinct transition of oxidizing–reducing environment along the depth of the sediment core. As(III) and Fe(II) concentrations elevated progressively from 10 m, simultaneously coupling with decrease of As(V) and Fe(III) concentrations, implying that reductive dissolution of arsenic-rich Fe(III) oxyhydroxides led to arsenic release. Results of DGGE displayed that sediment samples with higher concentrations of total arsenic and total organic carbon had lower population diversity, which suggested total arsenic concentrations were important to determine the population diversity of sediments. Bacterial communities of a sediment sample with the highest diversity and ratio of As(III) to total As were dominated by aerobic and facultative anaerobic bacteria and belonged to Alpha-, Beta-, and Gammaproteobacteria and Firmicutes group. Most of the retrieved sequences were closely related to high arsenic-resistance organisms, sulfide/thiosulfate oxidizers, denitrifiers, and aromatic hydrocarbon degraders. Thiobacillus distinctly predominated in clone library, which suggested that arsenic might be released by oxidized dissolution of sulfide minerals coupled to arsenate reduction or nitrate reduction in anaerobic condition. These data have important implications for understanding the microbially mediated arsenic mobilization in aquifers. 相似文献
15.
Recent studies on bacterial populations and processes in subseafloor sediments: A review 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
Subsurface bacteria also occur in hydrothermal sediments with large temperature gradients (up to 12 °C/m) and with population
numbers similar to non-hydrothermal sites at temperatures from psychrophilic to mesophilic. At greater depths and temperatures,
populations decline rapidly, but they are still significant up to hyperthermophilic temperatures and are even stimulated by
subsurface seawater flow. These results suggest that temperature alone does not limit bacteria in non-hydrothermal sediments
until about 4 km, and evidence exists that bacterial processes may even be sustained by interaction with thermogenic processes
as temperatures increase during deep burial.
Experiments demonstrate that in the presence of readily degradable organic substrates, actively growing bacteria can move
faster than sediment deposition; hence, these bacteria are not necessarily trapped and buried. However, bacterial growth decreases
with depth to such an extent that subsurface bacteria would not be able to keep up with sedimentation rate and hence would
be buried. In some circumstances, such as in sapropel layers with high organic matter in the Mediterranean, bacteria may be
buried within a specific deposition horizon. Subsurface bacteria can utilize old and recalcitrant organic matter, but only
very slowly, and they seem to have a strategy of high biomass and low growth rate, commensurate with their geological habitat
of generally low energy flux.
Received, March 1999/Revised, August 1999/Accepted, November 1999 相似文献
16.
《Earth》2003,60(1-2):131-146
This review paper is mainly concerned with a geochemical investigation of the deepest part of the Vostok ice core between 3310 m, the depth at which the palaeoenvironmental record present in the ice above is lost, and the bottom of the core about 130 m above subglacial Lake Vostok. Two sections constitute this part of the core.The upper section (3310–3539 m depth) still consists of ice of meteoric origin but subjected to widespread complex deformation. This deformation is analysed in light of a δD–deuterium excess diagram and information on microparticles, crystal sizes and chemical elements distributions in that part of the core. Such ice deformation occurred when the ice was still grounded upstream from Vostok station in a region with subfreezing temperatures.The lower section from 3539 m to the bottom of the core at 3623 m depth is lake ice formed by freezing of subglacial Lake Vostok waters. This is indicated by the isotopic properties (δD, δ18O and deuterium excess), by electrical conductivity measurements (ECM), crystallography and gas content of the ice. These ice core data together with data on ionic chemistry favour an origin of the lake ice by frazil ice generation in a supercooled (below pressure melting point) water plume existing in the lake followed by accretion and consolidation by subsequent freezing of the host water.The helium profile of this deepest part of the Vostok core is quite unusual and surprising. It has important implications for the interactions between the ice sheet and the lake. Two constrasting scenarios can be satisfactorily constructed so that the lake residence time is not well constrained. 相似文献
17.
A total of 24 tephra-bearing volcanic layers have been recognized between 550 and 987 m depth in the Siple Dome A (SDM-A) ice core, in addition to a number already recognized tephra in the upper 550 m (Dunbar et al., 2003, Kurbatov et al., 2006). The uniform composition and distinctive morphological of the particles composing these tephra layers suggest deposition as a result of explosive volcanic eruptions and that the layers therefore represent time-stratigraphic markers in the ice core. Despite the very fine grain size of these tephra (mostly less than 20 microns), robust geochemical compositions were determined by electron microprobe analysis. The source volcanoes for these tephra layers are largely found within the Antarctic plate. Statistical geochemical correlations tie nine of the tephra layers to known eruptions from Mt. Berlin, a West Antarctic volcano that has been very active for the past 100,000 years. Previous correlations were made to an eruption of Mt. Takahe, another West Antarctic volcano, and one to Mt. Hudson, located in South America (Kurbatov et al., 2006). The lowest tephra layer in the ice core, located at 986.21 m depth, is correlated to a source eruption with an age of 118.1 ± 1.3 ka, suggesting a chronological pinning point for the lower ice. An episode of anomalously high volcanic activity in the ice in the SDM-A core between 18 and 35 ka (Gow and Meese, 2007) appears to be related to eruptive activity of Mt. Berlin volcano. At least some of the tephra layers found in the SDM-A core appear to be the result of very explosive eruptions that spread ash across large parts of West Antarctica, off the West Antarctic coast, as well as also being recognized in East Antarctica (Basile et al., 2001, Narcisi et al., 2005, Narcisi et al., 2006). Some of these layers would be expected to should be found in other deep Antarctic ice cores, particularly ones drilled in West Antarctica, providing correlative markers between different cores. The analysis of the tephra layers in the Siple Dome core, along with other Antarctic cores, provides a timing framework for the relatively proximal Antarctic and South American volcanic eruptive events, allowing these to be distinguished from the tropical eruptions that may play a greater role in climate forcing. 相似文献
18.
本研究应用微生物16S rRNA-DGGE和T-RFLP技术,结合环境参数,对我国天然气水合物潜在区南海九龙甲烷礁附近973-4柱状样沉积物中3个层位12个不同深度(表层20 cm至382 cm,中层552 cm至796 cm,深层862 cm至1 196 cm)细菌群落结构及其分布进行了对比研究.其中T-RFLP实验表明,细菌丰度、香农指数和均匀度变化趋势相同,由深层到716 cm处先降后升,中层716 cm深度范围处微生物群落丰度、均匀度、香农指数相对较高,716 cm至表层先降后升.DGGE图谱和T-RFLP色谱峰聚类分析表明:表层20 cm至192 cm相似性较高,表层236 cm至382 cm与深层1 082 cm、1 196 cm群落结构相似性较高,但中层沉积物中微生物群落结构与表层及深层均有较大差异.环境参数表明中层甲烷含量较高,推测甲烷是影响微生物群落结构差异的主要因素之一.T-RFLP色谱峰与微生物数据库比对及DGGE条带测序也表明了:本区变形杆菌(Proteobacteria)为优势菌群,其中α-、γ-、δ-变形杆菌(Proteobacteria)为主要的细菌亚群,其他细菌包括放线菌(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)为次优势菌群.甲烷含量较高的中层,甲烷氧化菌(Methanotrophs),硫还原菌(Sulfate-reducing bacteria)等与甲烷密切相关的细菌均有被检测到,表明该区域存在与天然气水合物的分解释放相关的微生物群落. 相似文献
19.
达索普冰川海拔7100m处气泡封闭过程研究 总被引：7，自引：6，他引：1
通过对希夏邦马峰北坡达索普冰川气泡形成过程的研究表明,随着深度增加,粒雪中开放气孔体积逐渐减小,但粒雪层仍保持良好的气体渗透性,直到粒雪一冰转变层位开放气孔完全与大气隔离,形成彼此分离的孤立气泡．显然,冰内气泡包裹气体与同层位的冰存在年龄差,只有在气孔完全封闭后,气泡封闭的深度亦不相同,但气泡封闭处对应的密度都大致相当,为079～0．83Mg·m－3．达索普冰川粒雪层中开放气孔在40～47m深度范围内快速封闭,在45m处有50％的气泡形成计算得出气泡中气体与同层位冰的年龄差为59a,同层位气泡中的气体所代表的主体年代分配范围为11a． 相似文献