共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
N. A. Sanotskaya 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2014,39(9):629-633
Considered is the method of determination of atmospheric turbidity using weak lidar signals when the problem is mathematically incorrect due to the presence of the background noise. An accuracy of the method can be increased by means of using the procedure of effective averaging and linear approximation of the transmission in the case of the low attenuation coefficient. 相似文献
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简要比较了中国科学院大气物理研究所对2005年夏季中国降水跨季度预测与实况的异同,并对2005年夏季我国主要雨带及降水偏少区的形成与东亚热带、副热带以及中高纬度大气环流系统的配置进行了分析。对2005年夏季西太平洋副高的异常活动预测不好,这是造成跨季度降水预测有失误之处的主要原因之一。2005年夏季在亚洲对流层中高层,沿着副热带急流轴准静止Rossby波有几次能量传播过程,西太平洋副高的北抬与西伸与副热带急流中Rossby波的活动强度有一定的对应关系,因而产生了亚洲不同地区高影响性的灾害性天气。 相似文献
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A criterion ratio is proposed which allows to estimate the possibility of origination of avalanche-like motion of a mudflow
with hyperconcentration of debris in a certain mudflow-bearing watercourse. 相似文献
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差分吸收光谱技术(DOAS)已经被广泛用于各种污染气体浓度的测量,其中影响其测量精度的主要因素就是气体吸收截面的测量.利用Lambert Beer 吸收定律以及自主设计的测量装置对大气的主要污染气体NO的吸收截面进行了测量,并采用多项式拟合的方法提高了测量的精度,根据所测得的吸收截面反演了NO气体的浓度值,取得了良好的效果. 相似文献
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Criteria of the free meandering tracks of typhoons are derived from the general solutions of typhoon motion equations. It
is suggested that the meandering motion of a typhoon is caused by the combination of the internal force, the initial speed
of the typhoon and the average pressure gradient force of the typhoon volume affected by the environmental pressure field.
It is also revealed that under specified circumstances, the meandering may be caused only by the typhoon’s internal force.
Finally two examples of fitting calculation are given for illustration. 相似文献
6.
利用非静力平衡中尺度模式WRF、NCEP 1°×1°再分析资料及常规观测资料,对2005年12月30～31日发生在陕西的大雾天气过程进行了数值模拟,分析了大雾天气过程形成的主要原因及雾的生消机制。结果表明,WRF模式能较好地模拟出雾的水平分布特征、强度和生消过程,反映出实际雾的生消变化规律。适当提高模式水平分辨率能较明显地改进模拟效果。这次大雾为平流辐射雾,长波辐射冷却是大雾形成和发展的主要原因。逆温层的发展、维持和近地面层较高的相对湿度对雾的产生和发展起着重要作用。近地面层有弱的水汽辐合是大雾发展和维持的主要原因之一。大雾形成和发展阶段,900 hPa以下的辐合上升运动和900 hPa以上的辐散下沉运动有利于在上升和下沉运动区的界面层中形成逆温层,逆温层的形成有利于低层水汽的积累。随着高空转为辐合上升运动,900 hPa以下为辐散下沉运动,接着日出后,太阳短波辐射增温等的共同作用,使逆温减弱直至被破坏。中高云的存在影响了近地面层逆温的形成和加强,推迟了雾的形成和消散。暖平流的输入有利于逆温层的形成发展。 相似文献
7.
M. M. Naumov 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2009,34(11):763-766
Issues concerning the growth and biological time of agricultural crops are under consideration. A closed system of equations
is derived for calculating total dry biomass and biological time of plants. The model parameters are given, and the model
is verified based on the experimental data of observations of the sunflower in the southern conditions of the Ukraine. 相似文献
8.
疏勒河上游流域多年冻土区辐射变化分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用2008年7月-2010年10月祁连山区西段疏勒河上游流域多年冻土区苏里梯度观测系统的辐射数据,分析了该区域的辐射变化特征.结果表明,向下短波辐射、向下和向上长波辐射、净辐射月总量季节性变化明显,冬、春季较小,夏、秋季较大;向上短波辐射月总量的季节变化不明显.日平均向下短波辐射、向下和向上长波辐射有明显的季节变化,1月或12月达到最小值,6月或7月达到峰值;1-3月和12月日平均向上短波辐射振幅变化较小,而4月和10月则变化较大.净辐射日变化冬、春季较小,且振幅也较小,夏、秋季较大,且振幅也较大;辐射四分量的日变化都呈单峰型.生长季节的地表反照率较小,非生长季较大;每年10月地表反照率的日平均变化起伏较大,日变化基本呈“U”形,早晚高、中午低. 相似文献
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The global UK Met office Unified Model (UM) is currently operational at National Centre for Medium Range Weather Forecasting (NCMRWF), the global model named as NCUM. An inter-comparison of two different versions of NCUM has been carried out for simulating the track and intensity of Tropical Cyclones (TCs), which formed over the Bay of Bengal (BoB). For this purpose, two series of numerical experiments named as NCUM25 (New Dynamical core with NCUM N512 resolution) and NCUM17 (ENDGame core with NCUM N768 resolution and upgraded physics and data assimilation scheme) are carried out with seven different initial conditions (ICs) for two TCs. The results suggested that the location, intensity, and vertical structure of the TCs are reasonably well predicted by the NCUM17 over the NCUM25. The Direct Position Error (DPE) and landfall error of TCs are reduced in the NCUM17 in comparison to the NCUM25 for all initial conditions. The mean DPEs and intensity error are reduced by 21–41% and 18–21% in NCUM17 over NCUM25 in both the cases respectively. Improvements in mean landfall position errors are shown to range from 43 to 65% in the NCUM17 as compared to the NCUM25. The mean statistical skill scores for rainfall are considerably improved in NCUM17. 相似文献
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A. A. Sinkevich T. W. Krauss V. D. Stepanenko Yu. A. Dovgalyuk N. E. Veremey A. B. Kurov L. V. Pivovarova 《Russian Meteorology and Hydrology》2009,34(12):775-783
Results are presented of analysis of development of a cumulonimbus cloud anvil with the top height exceeding 18 km, as observed
in Central India. The anvil development is studied using the measurements from Meteosat-5 and with the WR-100 radar. Minimum
air temperature measured from the satellite at the cloud top level is −105°C. The rate of cloud top height growth is, on average,
0.5 m/s. Horizontal extent of the anvil in the steering flow direction reached 85 km, and rate of the anvil propagation in
horizontal direction was equal to 32.4 km/h. The anvil area, after the satellite data, reached 3675 km2. After the radar data, horizontal extent of the anvil reached 50 km, maximum area being 600 km2. Analysis of discrepancies between the satellite and radar measurements of the anvil area shows that a significant part of
the anvil cannot be detected by the WR-100 radar because its potential is not enough high; the satellite measurement data
improve significantly quality of information on the Cb characteristics. 相似文献
13.
Variations of hydrometeorological variables of the Rybinsk Reservoir area from 1947 to 2005 are analyzed. A special attention is given to the global warming period started since 1976. It is shown that the intensity of air temperature increase on the reservoir shore during recent 30 years made up 0.46–0.56°C/10 years. The maximum increase in the water temperature at shore stations and in the surface layer was registered in July at an increase rate of 0.7–1.2°C/10 years. The change in climate conditions resulted in the increase in low-water runoff, decrease in snowmelt flood volumes, and shift in the time of snowmelt flood start. 相似文献
14.
基于球载式下投北斗探空仪测风观测试验,建立了针对下投式的测风试验评估方法.试验结果表明上升段北斗测风的准确度接近RS92探空仪的探测准确度要求,两者一致性较好;下降段RS92测风误差基本上与上升段的属于同一量级水平,下降初期测风数据在使用时需要做预处理或者有效控制;下降段BD探空仪测风误差与下降段RS92的基本相当,除了球炸初期外,基本上接近WMO的测量要求,此外初期的急速下降对导航定位测风提出了更高的技术要求.整体而言,球载式下投探空观测在时间上可以实现对原有的1次探空进行加密,在空间上可以增加1个区域的探测,并为对现有探空站网分布进行合理优化提供依据,具有良好的应用前景. 相似文献
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热带气旋眼墙非对称结构的研究综述 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
热带气旋的眼墙非对称结构与其发展过程密切相关。在热带气旋移动过程中,非对称风场伴随着边界层内非对称摩擦而引起的辐合,影响着热带气旋眼墙内的对流分布。此外,风垂直切变作为影响热带气旋强度的重要因子,将上层暖心吹离表层环流,引起眼墙垂直运动的非对称,导致云、降水在方位角方向的非均匀分布。当存在平均涡度的径向梯度时,罗斯贝类型的波动可以存在于涡旋内核区域,影响眼墙非对称结构。海洋为热带气旋提供潜热和感热形式的能量,是热带气旋发展的重要能量来源,关于海洋如何影响热带气旋眼墙非对称结构的相关研究较少。文中着重回顾了热带气旋与海洋相互作用的研究成果,并提出海洋影响热带气旋眼墙非对称结构的机制。海洋对热带气旋最显著的响应特征是冷尾效应,该效应通过降低海表温度,减少海洋向大气输送的潜热和感热,从而影响热带气旋眼墙非对称结构。此外,海浪改变海表粗糙度,通过边界层影响移动热带气旋的眼墙结构。 相似文献
18.
菏泽市小麦干热风气候特征分析及预报 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据1954-2001年菏泽市小麦干热风气象资料，分析了小麦干热风的气候特征，通过相关分析寻找干热风发生前期的显著相关因子，用逐步回归的方法建立干热风发生日数预报方程，拟合效果较好。 相似文献
19.
Dr D. M. Le Vine 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1987,37(3):195-204
Summary A review is presented of the measurements reported in the literature of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation from lightning in the frequency range from 1 kHz to 1 GHz. Measurements have been made either by monitoring the power received at inidividual frequencies using a narrow bandwidth recording device or by recording the transient (time dependent) radiation with a wide bandwidth device and then Fourier transforming the waveform to obtain a spectrum. Measurements of the first type were made extensively in the 1950's and 1960's and several composite spectra have been deduced by normalizing the data of different investigators to common units of bandwidth and distance. The composite spectra tend to peak near 5 kHz and then decrease roughly as 1/(frequency) up to nearly 100 MHz where scatter in the data make the behaviour uncertain. The spectrum obtained with measurements of the second type is similar. Recent experiments have extended the frequency range covered to several 10's of MHz and include spectra for return strokes, the stepped leader and for some intracloud processes. The spectrum of first return strokes obtained in this manner is very similar to the spectrum of the composite flash obtained from the narrowband measurements.With 9 Figures 相似文献