共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
在详细调查基础上,采用系统科学及水文地质分析方法,依据地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、示踪试验、地下水排泄基准面、喀斯特发育条件及发育规律等剖析论证流域边界,并通过钻探及示踪试验进行验证。研究结果:（1）对泸西喀斯特断陷盆地南东部的水系统边界向北移进行了修正,证实了三塘一带深部不发育的喀斯特是地下水分水岭边界,使得泸西喀斯特断陷盆地流域的径流系统和边界圈化更加准确;（2）泸西喀斯特断陷盆地流域地表水、地下水转化频繁,地表水径流特征主要以小江河在水库、河流、伏流间的径流转化过程为体现,地下水在侵溶山区接受大气降水补给后,上层径流以泉、暗河的形式在泸西盆地底面排泄后转化成地表水,最终汇集于盆地南部、通过工农隧洞及落水洞排向小江,而下层径流则以小江水面为基准,通过深层径流排泄。 相似文献
2.
A multi-analysis remote-sensing approach for mapping groundwater resources in the karstic Meo Vac Valley, Vietnam 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Remote sensing data can be integrated with analyses of topography, structural geology, hydrogeology and geophysics. The integration gives premises for the delineation of zones of potential groundwater resources in strongly fractured and karstified deep aquifers in the uplifted Meo Vac Highland, northern Vietnam. Remote sensing analysis outlines geological faults with hydrogeological significance. These faults are combined with a derived lineament density map, interpreted analysis of surface flow direction and existing hydrogeological data, resulting in indications of groundwater flow direction. An analysis of the SPOT 5 band ratio 4/1, together with indications of surface-flow direction in low terrains, results in a determination of underground cavern passages. The delineated zones of potential groundwater resources are verified by detailed hydrogeological field surveys and geophysical measurements. Remote sensing analysis is shown to effectively contribute to the investigation of groundwater resources for a hydrogeologically complex area. 相似文献
3.
4.
赵建军 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2022,33(5):59-65
近年,广东省粤北山区隐伏区岩溶地面塌陷日益增加,直接影响人民生产生活。英德市沙口镇某村地质环境复杂,第四系覆盖层厚度薄,底部卵石层与下覆天子岭组灰岩直接接触,溶洞与断层破碎带发育,溶洞与溶洞间连通性较好,岩溶地面塌陷地质灾害严重。在综合分析沙口镇某村地质环境条件基础上,从内、外两方面因素,对岩溶地面塌陷发育特征及形成机理进行分析,认为在长期地下水位波动、潜蚀及淘蚀等作用松散盖层土体颗粒流失形成土洞,地表水与地下水强烈交替形成正负压力等作用下,土洞上部盖层发生塌陷。研究结论为科学制定岩溶地面塌陷防治方案提供依据。 相似文献
5.
川北诺水河景区溶洞分布特征及影响因素探析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
选取诺水河景区48个典型溶洞为研究对象,参阅本地区区域地质图和水文地质图,在对洞穴发育高度、层位、构造位置、发育方向、节理走向,以及地下水和地表水系部分特征进行详细调查前提下,利用最邻近距离法、节理分析法、GIS缓冲区法等方法,对溶洞群的洞口高程分布、洞穴发育方向、空间分布格局、洞穴与构造及地表水系关系等分布特征进行了分析,并对溶洞群分布特征的影响因素进行了探析。结果表明,① 洞口高程分布在空间上具有层级性,在时间上具有阶段性,研究区洞穴主要沿北西西、北东东向发育,并且越接近地表河流洞穴出口分布越多,洞穴群呈凝聚态分布,越接近构造转折端洞穴分布越密集;② 影响洞穴分布的主要因素包括：地层和碳酸盐岩岩性差异,构造派生节理发育状况以及多期次构造变形和构造隆升,地下水的类型和作用,地表水系对地下水系的影响,以及北亚热带季风气候条件下地形的影响等。 相似文献
6.
文章在充分分析已有地质和水文地质资料的基础之上,综合大面积水文地质调绘和多种勘探成果,对石太客运专线太行山隧道和南梁隧道所在区域的水文地质条件进行了系统分析。将隧道区域划分为娘子关泉域系统、威州泉域系统和散泉系统三大地下水含水系统,同时将太行山隧道区划分为5个水文地质单元,将南梁隧道区划分为两个水文地质单元。另外,论述了隧道开挖对地下水和地表水环境的影响,主要表现在对断层或岩脉与隧道相交地段的水位、水量产生影响,这为进一步解决特长隧道施工过程中的突水、涌水等问题提供了可靠的基础性资料,加深了对河北、山西两省交界处水文地质条件薄弱地带的了解。 相似文献
7.
A. El-Naqa 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(3):257-271
Hydrological and hydrogeological data in the area have been verified to evaluate the availability and the potentiality of the water resources for the proposed damsites in the Wadi el Mujib catchment area, which is considered a semiarid to arid region. The quantity of the surface waters is very small compared with the surface area of the basin, however, due to the shortage of precipitation in the country and the necessity to attain socioeconomic objectives, the investigation of these waters has become more vital. The most reliable exploitation can be essentially achieved by constructing small storage dams on the suitable sites in order to benefit from the flood waters coming from the main wadis. For the above purpose, the hydrogeological and hydrological study of Wadi el Mujib catchment area was carried out, where the Wadi Mujib dam site will be constructed. The hydrogeological investigation of the groundwater was performed by constructing a groundwater contour map of the Amman-Wadi Es Sir aquifer (B2/A7) so as to verify the groundwater flow system and to determine the potentiality of the aquifer from the hydraulic parameters obtained from the pumping test analysis. The hydrological feasibility study of the dam was carried out by evaluating the water balance for a long-term period (1970 to 1990) in order to obtain reliable data that can be used to estimate the recharge to B2/A7 aquifer. In addition, a frequency analysis was performed to estimate the flood design of the reservoir area as well as the spillway at the proposed dam site. 相似文献
8.
Development of a coupled surface-groundwater-pipe network model for the sustainable management of karstic groundwater 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
This paper considers the hydrogeological simulation of groundwater movement in karstic regions using a hydrological modelling system (SHETRAN) which has been adapted for modelling flow in karstic aquifers. Flow and transport through karstic aquifers remains poorly understood, yet quantitative hydrogeological models are essential for developing and implementing groundwater protection policies. The new model has been developed and used within the STALAGMITE (Sustainable Management of Groundwater in Karstic Environments) project, funded by the European Commission. The SHETRAN model is physically based insofar as most of the parameters have some physical meaning. The SHETRAN model represents all of the key processes in the hydrological cycle, including subsurface flow in the saturated and unsaturated zones, surface flow over the ground surface and in channels, rainfall interception by vegetation canopies, evapotranspiration, snow-pack development and snowmelt. The modifications made to SHETRAN to simulate karstic aquifers are (1) the coupling of a pipe network model to a variably saturated, three-dimensional groundwater component (the VSS-NET component), to simulate flow under pressure in saturated conduits; (2) the coupling of surface water features (e.g. sinking streams or "ponors", and spring discharges) to the conduit system; (3) the addition of a preferential "bypass" flow mechanism to represent vertical infiltration through a high-conductivity epikarst zone. Lastly, a forward particle tracking routine has been developed to trace the path of hypothetical particles with matrix and pipe flow to springs or other discharge points. This component allows the definition of groundwater protection zones around a source for areas of the catchment (watershed) which are vulnerable to pollution from non-point sources (agriculture and forestry). 相似文献
9.
通过资料收集、专项地质测量、水文地质调查与测绘、水文地质物探、水文地质钻探、钻孔抽水试验、水质分析试验和综合研究等技术方法对宝龙泉区域水文地质条件进行了勘查,对泉的成因、汇水面积、补给量和流量进行了初步的分析和探索,结果显示:泉区内发育的7条近南北和近东西向的断裂异常构成了宝龙泉泉脉的构造格局,经钻探验证,3条断裂透水性好,含水丰富,其中DF1-3和DF3-4断裂为宝龙泉的主要泉脉通道;在水位标高53. 07 m时,泉水自流的流量为296. 76 m^3/d;泉水的矿化度为0. 582 g/L,水化学类型HCO3·SO4-Ca型。地下水水质主要类型分类为Ⅱ~Ⅲ类,均受不同程度的污染,主要适用于集中式生活饮用水水源及工、农业用水。按地表汇水面积和断裂形成的区域面积分别计算,可估算出宝龙泉流量平均为303. 78 m^3/d和337. 14 m^3/d。研究结果可为宝龙泉区域泉水的保护和开发利用提供依据。 相似文献
10.
Karst rivers’ particularity: an example from Dinaric karst (Croatia/Bosnia and Herzegovina) 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
The very complex system of sinking, losing and underground transboundary Karst rivers, lakes and aquifers in the central part of the deep and bare Dinaric karst in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina is analysed. The groundwater and surface water are hydraulically connected through numerous karst forms which facilitate the exchange of water between the surface and subsurface. A complex underground conduit system is an inherent characteristic karst system analysed. Groundwater and surface water exchange with both adjacent and distant aquifers through underground routes or inflows from surface streams and artificial reservoirs. Because of a complex surface and underground karst features, which strongly influenced its hydrological and hydrogeological regime, the main open stream flow, with a longitude of about 106 km, undergoes eight name changes. In this paper, it is noted as “the eight-name river”. In fact, it represents one river with losing, sinking and underground stream sections. Different surface and underground karst forms play crucial roles in the way the water flowing over the surface and on the underground sections of its catchment. The analysed area is full of varied and often spectacular surface landforms, including for example the Blue and Red Lakes and the Kravice Waterfall. The analyses made in the paper show the existence of a decreasing trend of mean annual discharges on the eight-name river, which can cause numerous problems in the regional water resource management of this transboundary river and catchment. 相似文献
11.
Assessing the groundwater recharge potential zone and differentiation of the spring catchment area are extremely important to effective management of groundwater systems and protection of water quality. The study area is located in the Saldoran karstic region, western Iran. It is characterized by a high rate of precipitation and recharge via highly permeable fractured karstic formations. Pire-Ghar, Sarabe-Babaheydar and Baghe-rostam are three major karstic springs which drain the Saldoran anticline. The mean discharge rate and electrical conductivity values for these springs were 3, 1.9 and 0.98 m3/s, and 475, 438 and 347 μS/cm, respectively. Geology, hydrogeology and geographical information system (GIS) methods were used to define the catchment areas of the major karstic springs and to map recharge zones in the Saldoran anticline. Seven major influencing factors on groundwater recharge rates (lithology, slope value and aspect, drainage, precipitation, fracture density and karstic domains) were integrated using GIS. Geology maps and field verification were used to determine the weights of factors. The final map was produced to reveal major zones of recharge potential. More than 80 % of the study area is terrain that has a recharge rate of 55–70 % (average 63 %). Evaluating the water budget of Saldoran Mountain showed that the total volume of karst water emerging from the Saldoran karst springs is equal to the total annual recharge on the anticline. Therefore, based on the geological and hydrogeological investigations, the catchment area of the mentioned karst springs includes the whole Saldoran anticline. 相似文献
12.
13.
14.
地下水多元示踪试验在岩溶隧道水害预测中的应用——以张吉怀高铁兰花隧道为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以张家界—吉首—怀化高速铁路兰花隧道为例,在岩溶水文地质调查基础上结合地下水多元示踪技术,查明了兰花隧道隧址区各岩溶地下水系统以及地下暗河管道的空间展布。结果表明:（1）兰花隧道及其附近区域全部为寒武系碳酸盐岩裸露区,以峰丛洼地为主,地表和地下岩溶极为发育;（2）兰花隧道隧址及其附近区域共发育有呆业洞和兰花洞两个独立的地下暗河系统,其中Ⅰ号、Ⅱ号、Ⅲ号三个岩溶水系统属于兰花洞地下暗河系统的子系统;Ⅳ号岩溶水系统属于呆业洞地下暗河系统;（3）Ⅳ号岩溶地下水系统在平面和剖面上都没有与兰花隧道相交,不会对隧道突涌水构成威胁;（4）兰花洞地下暗河系统以中部兰花洞暗河天窗为界分为上游和下游两段,上游段Ⅰ号和Ⅱ号岩溶水系统在平面和剖面上都没有与兰花隧道相交,不会对兰花隧道突涌水构成威胁;下游段Ⅲ号岩溶水系统在平面上与兰花隧道相交（交点里程为DK60+100）,可能存在隧道突涌水风险;（5）依据高分辨率降雨-水文动态监测数据,采用降雨入渗系数法预测在极端暴雨情况下兰花隧道揭露Ⅲ号岩溶管道的最大涌水量为7.08×104 m3?d-1。 相似文献
15.
Assessment of aquifer vulnerability based on GIS and DRASTIC methods: a case study of the Senirkent-Uluborlu Basin (Isparta, Turkey) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Aquifer vulnerability has been assessed in the Senirkent-Uluborlu Basin within the Egirdir Lake catchment (Turkey) using the DRASTIC method, based on a geographic information system (GIS). There is widespread agriculture in the basin, and fertilizer (nitrate) and pesticide applications have caused groundwater contamination as a result of leaching. According to hydrogeological data from the study area, surface water and groundwater flow are towards Egirdir Lake. Hence, aquifer vulnerability in the basin should be determined by water quality in Egirdir Lake. DRASTIC layers were prepared using data such as rainfall, groundwater level, aquifer type, and hydraulic conductivity. These data were obtained from hydrogeological investigations and literature. A regional-scale aquifer-vulnerability map of the basin was prepared using overlay analysis with the aid of GIS. A DRASTIC vulnerability map, verified by nitrate in groundwater data, shows that the defined areas are compatible with land-use data. It is concluded that 20.8% of the basin area is highly vulnerable and urgent pollution-preventions measures should be taken for every kind of relevant activity within the whole basin. 相似文献
16.
晋祠泉和兰村泉是山西著名的岩溶大泉,受自然条件变化和人类活动的影响,两个泉于20世纪末相继断流。针对山西省政府提出的要使晋祠、兰村泉水复流的生态修复目标任务,文章在泉域水文地质调查基础上,就泉水复流密切相关的四个关键性岩溶水文地质条件问题开展研究并提出了新认识。核实了目前划定的晋祠—兰村泉域边界,依据最新资料对现行的晋祠、兰村泉域边界提出了7处修正,修改后晋祠泉域面积由2 030 km2变为2 713 km2,兰村泉域面积由2 500 km2变为2 614 km2。汾河二库在蓄水后库区的主体部分划归到晋祠泉域而非兰村泉域,其渗漏补给是造成近年来晋祠泉域区域岩溶地下水位大幅回升的主要原因。确定了晋祠泉域内盘道—马家山断裂带是一个岩溶水强富水带,也是岩溶地下水从北部中、上寒武统含水岩组向南部中奥陶统含水岩组的转换带。圈定了晋祠泉域:玉门河南峪村—杜儿平煤矿东侧—官地矿与白家庄矿交界处—龙山—明仙村东—晋祠泉的岩溶地下水强径流带。这些认识是开展晋祠—兰村泉域岩溶地下水资源评价、地下水开发管理和保护的基础,更是制定晋祠、兰村泉水复流方案的重要依据。 相似文献
17.
18.
岩溶泉域降雨径流水文过程的模拟——以重庆金佛山水房泉为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过地貌、水文地质、土壤、植被、地下洞穴管道等实地调查,以及示踪试验确定水房泉泉域范围和地下水文系统特征,并通过代表性点的土壤入渗试验、降雨和流量监测以及DEM数据等获得泉域水文模型所需的面积、结点高程、入渗率、糙率、管道长度、含水层孔隙度、出流系数等参数。选择SCS径流曲线模型估算地表产流,利用SWMM模型模拟泉域对场降雨的径流响应过程。通过运行模型,与实测流量比较,结果显示模拟曲线与观测流量曲线吻合较好,用于校正和验证的两场降雨产流的模拟误差分别为9.5%和12%,表明SWMM可应用于岩溶区以管道流为主要排水系统的含水介质的模拟。 相似文献
19.
T. Clemens D. Hückinghaus R. Liedl M. Sauter 《International Journal of Earth Sciences》1999,88(1):157-162
The evolution of a karst aquifer is modelled taking into account the karst groundwater flow as well as the dissolution kinetics
of calcite. In particular, infiltration of water from the epikarst is simulated which controls the temporal and spatial distribution
of recharge to the phreatic zone. The results show that the evolution of karst conduits is initiated in the spring. The existence
of preferential flow paths leads to the evolution of highly conductive so-called dendritic cave systems, i.e., single passages
which concentrate the flow and drain the catchment. With time, the amount of undersaturated water flowing directly into the
conduit system is increased leading to an acceleration of the conduits enlargement. Three phases are identified for the evolution
of karst aquifers: (a) an initiation stage; (b) an enlargement stage; and (c) a stagnation phase.
Received: 4 August 1997 / Accepted: 19 January 1998 相似文献
20.
近十多年来,服务脱贫攻坚的基岩山区找水打井工作充分运用并丰富了蓄水构造理论,但缺乏对其类型的统一划分和属性的深入分析。以蓄水构造为理论指导,考虑地貌汇水、岩性赋水、构造控水等控制因素,以构造为主控因素,综合地形地貌、地层岩性和植被发育及开发利用实际价值等因素,系统总结划分出缺水基岩山区水平岩层、单斜、褶皱、断裂、接触、风化壳、复合、洞藏等8类20型35式蓄水构造,并借鉴、结合新构造控水理论和地下水系统理论分析总结不同尺度、不同类型蓄水构造的共性特征,从蓄水构造空间组合特征、边界水文地质性质、水动力条件、尺度效应、控水共生特征、开发利用实际价值等方面,提出了岩性与地质构造的相关性、透水与隔水的相对性、汇水与蓄水的平衡性、尺度与系统的统一性、形成与改造的继承性和规模与目的的匹配性等蓄水构造属性。研究成果细化完善了缺水基岩山区地下水蓄水构造类型划分,总结提炼了蓄水构造属性特征,深化了对蓄水构造概念内涵的理解与认识。既进一步推动了基岩山区水文地质学的研究,也可为缺水区找水定井提供参考,并指导缺水区水资源可持续利用。 相似文献