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我国滨海地区广泛分布有低强度、高压缩性软黏土,其工程特性评价对工程建设影响极大。孔压静力触探（CPTU）对土体扰动小,是目前最常用的原位测试方法之一。但是CPTU测试成果需要通过解译才可实现对土体力学特性的评价,不同地区存在地区特异性。针对台州滨海地区深厚软黏土场地,开展了孔压静力触探试验和室内试验,系统地研究了台州滨海软黏土的强度特征。基于重塑台州软黏土固结快剪试验,得到了台州软黏土的归一化强度与超固结比（OCR）的关系式,其应力历史及归一化土工程特性（SHANSEP）法经验系数a为0.226,经验系数b为0.761;标定得到了台州软黏土的CPTU触探因子Nkt的范围为10.23～16.88,总平均值为14.08;基于SHANSEP公式和Nkt法解译得到的土体不排水抗剪强度su,获取了台州软黏土的原位超固结比OCR连续剖面;并标定得到了不同地层的OCR解译经验系数k的范围为0.315～0.570,建议采用k=0.33对台州软黏土超固结比OCR进行解译。 相似文献
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本文介绍了累旋板载荷试验仪器设备及试验要求。通过实例简述了螺旋板载荷试验应变法确定地基土承载力及不排水抗剪强度等力学指标的具体方法。并与土工试验、静力、触探、圆锥动探、标准贯入试验等结果进行了分析与比较。 相似文献
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粉状煤系土的物理力学特性 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
采用不同天气下的原位及室内试验方法,对广东云浮地区粉状煤系土的工程地质性质进行了测试,系统研究了煤系土的物理力学特性,重点论述了粉状煤系土不同干密度、不同含水率下抗剪强度和现场静力触探比贯入阻力的变化规律,提出了粉状煤系土的多项强度指标,建立了具有实用参考价值的经验性公式。研究结果为合理评价粉状煤系土的特性、路基处理和边坡处治提供理论依据,具有一定的实际意义。 相似文献
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通过直剪试验和三轴试验,研究了超固结状态和正常固结状态土强度指标的差异性。抗剪强度指标在大于和小于前期固结压力的压力段明显不同,试验资料整理时应分别确定抗剪强度指标。剪切前,试样在其自重固结压力（重塑土为预固结压力）下作预处理,比较了在垂直压力或围压小于前期固结压力和大于前期固结压力两个压力段的强度指标,前者不固结不排水剪黏聚力c小于后者,内摩擦角φ大于后者;固结不排水剪黏聚力c大于后者,内摩擦角φ小于后者。重塑土强度试验模拟的应力历史很难真实反映实际工况土体的强度特性,室内试验应尽量使用原状土进行抗剪强度测试。室内试验确定土的抗剪强度指标时,应先确定地基土的前期固结压力、K0状态参数,按工程实际应力状态确定。 相似文献
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划分土层、辨别土类是孔压静力触探（CPTU）成果应用的基础。常规的人工分层效果差强人意,而土体行为分类法尽管可靠性高,但无法起到分层效果。引用层次聚类算法,通过对变量的选择、数据的标准化、距离矩阵的生成和类数目的确定,得到了基于层次聚类算法的CPTU数据聚类流程图;结合Robertson和Campanella分类图,提出了基于CPTU测试数据的土层划分与命名规则。采用自主研制的静力触探-钻探一体机,在宁波市轨道交通4号线上展开试验,将土层划分与命名结果与钻孔柱状图展开对比,结果表明:以锥尖阻力qt、摩阻比Rf和孔隙水压力u2作为初始聚类参数的分层图对8个主层的划分与钻孔柱状图几乎一致。其中,以qt-Rf为初始聚类参数的分层图能够识别出单靠qt曲线无法识别的2个薄夹层,体现了Rf的作用;以qt-u2为初始聚类参数的分层图对砂类土划分得过于细致,对黏土划分得过于粗糙,表明u2对砂性土变化过于敏感,对黏性土变化不敏感;以qt-Rf-u2为初始聚类参数的分层图既保留了qt的主要特征,又适当地融入了Rf和u2对土层划分的影响,分层效果最佳。钻孔剖面黏性土的不排水抗剪强度曲线总体上符合土体性质与土层深度的变化规律,从侧面反映了聚类分层图的准确性。 相似文献
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千枚岩残坡积土大型直剪试验研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土体抗剪强度是边坡稳定性分析的重要力学参数,而大型直剪试验是确定粗粒土抗剪强度指标较为有效的方法,但获取所需原状土样较为困难。通过现场挖取边坡残坡积原状土样,开展原状土样和击实土样的室内常规小型直剪对比试验,证明在有效控制密度、干密度和含水率条件下采用击实土样获取的直剪强度指标可替代原状土样试验结果。击实土样的大型直剪与原状土样的常规直剪试验结果对比分析表明,由常规小型直剪试验获得残坡积土的抗剪强度略高于大型直剪试验结果。由于室内常规小型直剪试验获取的抗剪强度指标往往比边坡实际发生滑动时的抗剪强度指标稍大,建议在边坡稳定性分析中对抗剪强度指标选取时,采用以大型直剪试验获得的有效控制密度、干密度和含水率条件下击实土样的峰值强度和残余强度,由此进行的边坡稳定性计算将更为科学合理 相似文献
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基于有效固结应力法确定结构性黏性土不排水抗剪强度 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
由于结构性的存在使得很多天然黏性土的强度和变形特性不同于重塑土和非结构性土。首先回顾了适用于确定重塑土和非结构性土不排水抗剪强度的有效固结应力法,并推导了相应的方程。在此基础上,对于结构性黏性土,采用两段不同斜率（内摩擦角正切）和截距（黏聚力）的直线模拟其抗剪强度包络线,建立了确定其不排水抗剪强度的有效固结应力法方程;当有效应力小于结构屈服应力时,有效固结应力方程中有效应力部分需乘以0.8的修正系数;只要已知剪切前的有效应力,利用相应的有效固结应力法公式,可确定结构性土体的不排水抗剪强度。利用连云港结构性软黏土的等压固结三轴试验数据,验证了有效固结应力法的适用性。分析表明：对于连云港软黏土的不排水抗剪强度,有效固结应力法的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好;对于结构屈服应力,有效固结应力法的预测结果与试验数据点的拟合结果有一定偏差,但并不明显。 相似文献
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孔压静力触探试验(CPTU)是目前使用最为广泛的原位测试方法之一,但CPTU不能原位测量土体最基本的指标——密度。密度孔压静力触探试验(DCPTU)是把核子密度仪结合到孔压静力触探系统中,贯入过程中可以同时测量锥尖阻力、侧壁摩阻力、孔隙水压力和密度的一种新型原位测试方法。本文首先介绍了DCPTU的试验装置和密度测试理论;然后通过与室内试验结果对比评价了利用DCPTU测量砂土、黏土、填土地层以及海底淤泥的密度的可靠性,分析了非均质地层中DCPTU测量密度与真实密度的区别、并提出了真实密度剖面的推求方法;然后综述了DCPTU在判别软弱夹层、评价砂土的液化势、检验地基处理效果、检测块状填土中的空隙、调查浮泥层的厚度和密度分布等方面的工程应用;最后展望了DCPTU在工程勘察中的发展趋势和应用前景。 相似文献
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Very soft organic harbour mud is increasingly used as a filling and construction material in harbour construction and reorganization.
The undrained shear strength of such soft sediments is the critical geotechnical soil parameter with regard to any specific
construction design. Field and laboratory vane shear testing is a standard method to quickly determine this important parameter.
So far, the effect of rod friction on vane shear tests in very soft organic soils is unclear. In this study we present results
from laboratory experiments on harbour mud from a construction site in northern Germany. Relations among vane and rod geometry,
penetration depth, water content, rod friction and undrained shear strength are derived. Based on these relations the influence
of rod friction on vane shear test results is investigated. The results indicate that field and laboratory vane shear test
measurements may be significantly influenced by rod friction. Methods are proposed to correct for the rod influence, which
is shown to increase with rising water contents. 相似文献
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针对土工合成材料界面特性试验易受试验装置影响的特点,采用大型叠环式剪切仪进行土工织物与砂土的界面剪切试验。对比砂土本身、土工织物与砂土的两种剪切试验结果发现,土工织物-砂土剪切引起的叠环位移较小;叠环的水平位移变化规律与土体的剪胀性具有密切联系,土工织物限制了下剪切盒内土颗粒的运动,对达到峰值强度时的土体剪胀也具有抑制作用。由试验结果可知,筋-土界面的剪切带远小于剪切的影响范围,土工织物在界面剪切中的作用不能仅通过剪切带反映,还应考虑土工织物的屏蔽作用和对于土体剪切带形成的影响。 相似文献
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Hanifi Missoum Mostefa Belkhatir Karim Bendani Mustapha Maliki 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2013,31(1):279-296
In a number of recent case studies, the liquefaction of silty sands has been reported. To investigate the undrained shear and deformation behaviour of Chlef sand–silt mixtures, a series of monotonic and stress-controlled cyclic triaxial tests were conducted on sand encountered at the site. The aim of this laboratory investigation is to study the influence of silt contents, expressed by means of the equivalent void ratio on undrained residual shear strength of loose, medium dense and dense sand–silt mixtures under monotonic loading and liquefaction potential under cyclic loading. After an earthquake event, the prediction of the post-liquefaction strength is becoming a challenging task in order to ensure the stability of different types of earth structures. Thus, the choice of the appropriate undrained residual shear strength of silty sandy soils that are prone to liquefaction to be used in engineering practice design should be established. To achieve this, a series of undrained triaxial tests were conducted on reconstituted saturated silty sand samples with different fines contents ranging from 0 to 40 %. In all tests, the confining pressure was held constant at 100 kPa. From the experimental results obtained, it is clear that the global void ratio cannot be used as a state parameter and may not characterize the actual behaviour of the soil as well. The equivalent void ratio expressing the fine particles participation in soil strength is then introduced. A linear relationship between the undrained shear residual shear strength and the equivalent void ratio has been obtained for the studied range of the fines contents. Cyclic test results confirm that the increase in the equivalent void ratio and the fines content accelerates the liquefaction phenomenon for the studied stress ratio and the liquefaction resistance decreases with the increase in either the equivalent void ratio or the loading amplitude level. These cyclic tests results confirm the obtained monotonic tests results. 相似文献
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Wei Shao Bora Cetin Yadong Li Jingpei Li Lin Li 《Geotechnical and Geological Engineering》2014,32(4):901-910
The addition of cementitious admixtures and/or inclusion of fibers are frequently used in practice to stabilize soils and to improve their mechanical properties. In this study, ring shear tests were conducted to investigate mechanical properties such as shear strength, angle of friction and cohesion values of randomly distributed discrete fiber-reinforced sand mixtures. The length and aspect ratio of the fibers used in the current study were 12 mm and 120, respectively. Specimens were prepared at four different fiber ratios (0.1, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 % by weight of sand). A series of ring shear tests were carried out on sand alone and fiber-reinforced sand mixtures at different normal stresses. The test results indicated that the addition of fiber had a significant effect on the shear strength of the sand. Shear stress of the unreinforced sand increases 1.29–2.32, 1.16–1.39, and 1.07–1.5 times at a normal stress of 50, 150, and 250 kPa, respectively with fiber inclusion. Fiber content had positive effects on improving the shear strength parameters (angle of internal friction and cohesion) of the mixtures. The cohesion and angle of internal friction of fiber-reinforced sand prepared at different ratios of fiber increased by 5.3–27.4 kPa and 2.0°–7.3° respectively. The inclusion of fibers improves the ductility of the soil by preventing the loss of post-peak strength. 相似文献
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Ahmed Djafar Henni Ahmed Arab Mostefa Belkhatir A. Saaed Hamoudi Hamid Khelafi 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(2):297-307
This experimental study deals with the effect of the overconsolidation ratio on the monotonic undrained shear behavior of silty sand. The study is based on the undrained monotonic triaxial tests for the overconsolidation ratios (OCR?=?1, 2, 4, and 8), with different silt contents ranging from 0% to 40%. The laboratory tests were carried out at an initial relative density of Dr?=?50%. The paper is composed of two parts. The first one presents the tested soils; the second one gives an analysis of the test results and discusses the influence of the overconsolidation ratio on the shear strength of the soil. The test results indicate that the shear strength of the soil increases with the increase of the overconsolidation ratio resulting in an increase of soil dilatancy. The increase in the amount of fines from 0% to 40% increases the phase of the contractancy and consequently reducing the phase of dilatancy of the tested material 相似文献
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海洋工程建设已步入深海,但与之匹配的浅表层沉积物不排水剪切强度原位测试技术尚不成熟。为此,本文开发了可用于评估深海浅表层沉积物土力学性质的多探头原位测试系统,包括锥形触探仪、球形贯入仪和十字板剪切仪,可实现对深海沉积物土力学性质的快速、准确和智能化评价。进一步,通过CEL大变形数值模拟和足尺土工模型试验确定锥形触探仪的锥尖阻力系数,基于离心模型试验给出球形贯入仪的贯入阻力系数,从而完善深海浅表层沉积物不排水剪切强度的评价方法;在此基础上,探讨3种特定仪器各自适合的强度测试区间。结果表明:对于深海浅表层沉积物不排水剪切强度的评估,锥形触探仪和球形贯入仪的阻力系数建议分别取值为9.5和11.1。 相似文献
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本文以风化砂改良膨胀土的抗剪强度指标为研究对象,通过室内直接剪切试验,研究了在不同垂直荷重作用下,不同掺砂比例及不同含水率对改良膨胀土抗剪强度指标c、值的影响规律及各种不同垂直荷重下的-关系。影响直接剪切试验结果的两个关键因素是试验时的垂直荷重和剪切速率,而现行规范对剪切速率是有明确规定的,但对垂直荷重只有一个推荐性的取值。本文对膨胀土掺入了10%、20%、30%、40%、50%的风化砂,分别配以6%、8%、10%、12%、14%的水,然后在I级垂直荷重(12.5～50kPa)、Ⅱ级垂直荷重(62.5～100kPa)、Ⅲ级垂直荷重(100～400kPa)作用下,进行剪切试验。通过试验研究得知:垂直荷重对改良后膨胀土抗剪强度指标影响较大,随着垂直荷重的减小,掺砂后的膨胀土内摩擦角逐渐增大,黏聚力逐渐减小; 在各级垂直荷重下,在同一含水率状态下,黏聚力均随着掺砂比例的增大而逐渐减小,而内摩擦角均是先增大后减小; 在同一掺砂比例下,黏聚力及内摩擦角均随着含水率的增大而先增大后减小。本试验的研究成果为风化砂改良膨胀土用作公路路基填料提供了试验依据。 相似文献
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为探究地基土体在附加应力作用下抗剪强度的变化规律,对传统剪切试验方法进行了改进。通过气压式全自动固结仪预先对试样施加多组精确的附加应力（超出原状土体上覆土重的荷载）后进行快剪试验,以淤泥质粉质黏土与粉土夹粉砂两类土体为研究对象,分析结构与状态的变化对抗剪强度指标值的影响;从受剪土体与剪切盒各层面受力与沉降关系出发,融入剪切面积动态表达式,推导出剪切正应力的修正公式,代入试验计算抗剪强度参数值。结果表明:两类土体受附加应力的影响存在明显的差异,淤泥质粉质黏土以黏聚力变化为主,粉土夹粉砂则体现在内摩擦角上;含水量及孔隙比的改变与土体抗剪强度参数值的变化之间存在反相关关系。 相似文献