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1.
本文论述了水文地质结构系统的基本思想以及建立水文地质结构系统模型的基本方法。具体研究了山西省太原地区的岩溶水文地质结构系统,将研究区划分为三个既相对独立又有一定联系的岩溶地下水亚系统,并分别建立了三个岩溶地下水亚系统的结构模型,即以多维脉络、三维层络、多层网络这些几何物理模型描述了该区岩溶地下水系统的四维特征;同时,对区内岩溶地下水资源的合理开发利用提出了具体方案。 相似文献
2.
Characterizing the interaction of groundwater and surface water in the karst aquifer of Fangshan,Beijing (China) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Correct understanding of groundwater/surface-water (GW–SW) interaction in karst systems is of greatest importance for managing the water resources. A typical karst region, Fangshan in northern China, was selected as a case study. Groundwater levels and hydrochemistry analyses, together with isotope data based on hydrogeological field investigations, were used to assess the GW–SW interaction. Chemistry data reveal that water type and the concentration of cations in the groundwater are consistent with those of the surface water. Stable isotope ratios of all samples are close to the local meteoric water line, and the 3H concentrations of surface water and groundwater samples are close to that of rainfall, so isotopes also confirm that karst groundwater is recharged by rainfall. Cross-correlation analysis reveals that rainfall leads to a rise in groundwater level with a lag time of 2 months and groundwater exploitation leads to a fall within 1 month. Spectral analysis also reveals that groundwater level, groundwater exploitation and rainfall have significantly similar response periods, indicating their possible inter-relationship. Furthermore, a multiple nonlinear regression model indicates that groundwater level can be negatively correlated with groundwater exploitation, and positively correlated with rainfall. The overall results revealed that groundwater level has a close correlation with groundwater exploitation and rainfall, and they are indicative of a close hydraulic connection and interaction between surface water and groundwater in this karst system. 相似文献
3.
Igor Jemcov 《Environmental Geology》2007,51(5):767-773
The management of groundwater flow systems in karst regions appears, at present, to be the most important procedure for solving
water deficiency problems during periods of low rainfall. Faced with a lack of data for characterizing the water supply potential
of karst aquifers, analyses of spring hydrographs may provide valuable indirect information regarding the structure of karst
hydrogeological systems. To estimate the optimal exploitation capacities of karstic sources, a stochastic-conceptual approach
was applied in case studies from the Serbian karst. Water supply potentials were initially evaluated on the basis of groundwater
budgets. Further steps towards defining optimal “exploitable” regimes included analyses of storage changes in karst water
reservoirs under natural conditions and calculation of the potential expansion of currently tapped sources. The results obtained
through these analyses are a significant contribution to feasibility studies and aid in the avoidance of problems of overexploitation. 相似文献
4.
Karst aquifers represent one of the main sources of water supply in Serbia. Wide distributions of karstic areas, abundant
reserves, and excellent quality of karst groundwater have been the reasons for its extensive use in water supply systems throughout
the country. In Serbia, 70 karstic sources have been tapped for centralized water supply, with the assessed minimal capacity
exceeding 4.5 m3/s. Most of the large cities of Eastern and Western Serbia currently use karst groundwater for water supply; however, due
to unstable flow regime when only natural springflow is tapped, numerous problems arise during the recession period (summer–autumn).
During the last two decades, after favorable conditions had been confirmed through hydrogeological survey and feasibility
studies, several newly constructed systems for artificial control of karst aquifers (mostly in Eastern Serbia) resulted in
significantly improved water supply. 相似文献
5.
北京岩溶水系统划分及特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
岩溶水是北京市重要的战略后备水源,在城市供水方面发挥了重大作用,岩溶水系统划分对于掌握岩溶水资源、合理开发利用岩溶水是至关重要的。本文结合地质构造、地形地貌、水文地质条件,考虑含水岩组的连续性、不同级别地表水分水岭、地质构造的水文地质性质,将北京地区划分为3个一级岩溶水系统、7个二级岩溶水系统、16个三级岩溶水系统。其中隐伏型岩溶水系统无裸露的可溶岩或零星分布,天然资源少,地下水径流方向主要受开采影响,与上覆孔隙水有密切的水力联系。山前型岩溶水系统可溶岩分布于山区和平原,岩溶水天然补给资源丰富,含水层厚度大、分布广,调蓄能力强,开发利用程度高,排泄区有明显的阻水边界,储水能力强。山区型岩溶水系统可溶岩分布于山区,地下水向河谷、低洼处径流,排泄速度快,储存能力差,开采井零星分布,开发利用程度低。 相似文献
6.
大兴迭隆起隐伏岩溶水资源评价及开采方案预测 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
大兴迭隆起地区隐伏岩溶地下水是北京市的重要水源,为保障水源地能持续为大兴、通州地区提供优质的城镇生活用水,需对研究区岩溶地下水进行水资源评价和开采规划预测分析。利用数值模拟法,应用GMS模拟软件对研究区岩溶水系统进行地下水流数值模拟及水位变化预测。建立的岩溶水系统模型分为5层,模拟验证期为12年9个月。由模型评价的岩溶水系统补给资源量为14 425.74×10^4m3/a,可开采资源量为14 310.52×10^4m3/a,其中岩溶含水层可开采量为2 309.36×10^4m3/a。在模型识别验证后,分4种开采方案对水源地进行开采预测,通过对典型观测孔水位过程线拟合和研究区水均衡分析可知,按2020年之前维持现状开采,2020年后停采念坛水源地,2025年后全区按可开采量进行开采的开采方案最为合理,可分批逐次实现水源地的采补平衡。 相似文献
7.
Water vulnerability assessment in karst environments: a new method of defining protection areas using a multi-attribute approach and GIS tools (EPIK method) 总被引：42，自引：12，他引：30
Groundwater resources from karst aquifers play a major role in the water supply in karst areas in the world, such as in Switzerland.
Defining groundwater protection zones in karst environment is frequently not founded on a solid hydrogeological basis. Protection
zones are often inadequate and as a result they may be ineffective. In order to improve this situation, the Federal Office
for Environment, Forests and Landscape with the Swiss National Hydrological and Geological Survey contracted the Centre of
Hydrogeology of the Neuchatel University to develop a new groundwater protection-zones strategy in karst environment. This
approach is based on the vulnerability mapping of the catchment areas of water supplies provided by springs or boreholes.
Vulnerability is here defined as the intrinsic geological and hydrogeological characteristics which determine the sensitivity
of groundwater to contamination by human activities. The EPIK method is a multi-attribute method for vulnerability mapping
which takes into consideration the specific hydrogeological behaviour of karst aquifers. EPIK is based on a conceptual model
of karst hydrological systems, which suggests considering four karst aquifer attributes: (1) Epikarst, (2) Protective cover,
(3) Infiltration conditions and (4) Karst network development. Each of these four attributes is subdivided into classes which
are mapped over the whole water catchment. The attributes and their classes are then weighted. Attribute maps are overlain
in order to obtain a final vulnerability map. From the vulnerability map, the groundwater protection zones are defined precisely.
This method was applied at several sites in Switzerland where agriculture contamination problems have frequently occurred.
These applications resulted in recommend new boundaries for the karst water supplies protection-zones.
Received: 27 October 1997 · Accepted: 4 July 1998 相似文献
8.
在详细调查基础上,采用系统科学及水文地质分析方法,依据地形地貌、地层岩性、地质构造、示踪试验、地下水排泄基准面、喀斯特发育条件及发育规律等剖析论证流域边界,并通过钻探及示踪试验进行验证。研究结果:（1）对泸西喀斯特断陷盆地南东部的水系统边界向北移进行了修正,证实了三塘一带深部不发育的喀斯特是地下水分水岭边界,使得泸西喀斯特断陷盆地流域的径流系统和边界圈化更加准确;（2）泸西喀斯特断陷盆地流域地表水、地下水转化频繁,地表水径流特征主要以小江河在水库、河流、伏流间的径流转化过程为体现,地下水在侵溶山区接受大气降水补给后,上层径流以泉、暗河的形式在泸西盆地底面排泄后转化成地表水,最终汇集于盆地南部、通过工农隧洞及落水洞排向小江,而下层径流则以小江水面为基准,通过深层径流排泄。 相似文献
9.
Understanding the transference of water resources within hydrogeological systems, particularly in coastal aquifers, in which groundwater discharge may occur through multiple pathways (through springs, into rivers and streams, towards the sea, etc.), is crucial for sustainable groundwater use. This research aims to demonstrate the usefulness of the application of conventional recharge assessment methods coupled to isotopic techniques for accurately quantifying the hydrogeological balance and submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) from coastal carbonate aquifers. Sierra Almijara (Southern Spain), a carbonate aquifer formed of Triassic marbles, is considered as representative of Mediterranean coastal karst formations. The use of a multi-method approach has permitted the computation of a wide range of groundwater infiltration rates (17–60%) by means of direct application of hydrometeorological methods (Thornthwaite and Kessler) and spatially distributed information (modified APLIS method). A spatially weighted recharge rate of 42% results from the most coherent information on physiographic and hydrogeological characteristics of the studied system. Natural aquifer discharge and groundwater abstraction have been volumetrically quantified, based on flow and water-level data, while the relevance of SGD was estimated from the spatial analysis of salinity, 222Rn and the short-lived radium isotope 224Ra in coastal seawater. The total mean aquifer discharge (44.9–45.9 hm3 year?1) is in agreement with the average recharged groundwater (44.7 hm3 year?1), given that the system is volumetrically equilibrated during the study period. Besides the groundwater resources assessment, the methodological aspects of this research may be interesting for groundwater management and protection strategies in coastal areas, particularly karst environments. 相似文献
10.
Dan Yin Longcang Shu Chundong Xu Zhenlong Wang Emmanuel Kwame Appiah-Adjei 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2012,66(2):399-407
This study presents an approach for transferring the qualitative analysis of groundwater sustainability for development to
quantitative evaluation by an analogy of two similar regions. A concept of groundwater exploitation sustainability (GES),
which is an evaluation index based on water supply capability, eco-geo-environment maintaining capability and the harmony
between water and society, is put forward. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method is applied to calculate the GES for
the Xiangshan and Dianchang karst groundwater sources in the Huaibei city, Anhui Province, China. The GES of the Xiangshan
karst system was calculated to be 0.53 and represents medium exploitation sustainability, while that for the Dianchang is
relatively high with a value of 0.70. These two karst systems are separate units but have similar hydrogeological conditions.
The Dianchang area had limited groundwater observation data, while the Xiangshan area had long series of observation data,
which enabled the computation of the sustainable yield. The sustainable yield of the Xiangshan karst area was used to calibrate
the GES, and develop a linear equation between the GES and sustainable yield, which was used to calculate the sustainable
yield of the Diangchang karst area as 40.4 million m3. 相似文献
11.
笔者根据岩溶区水文地质条件及特征的差异，以地下水循环的特征为纲，应用系统分析方法，将岩溶水系统分为三级，对各级系统进行了分类。第一级为岩溶水系统，第二级分为浅循环和深循环岩溶水系统、第三级分别进一步分为裸露型、裸露-覆盖型、裸露-埋藏型、滞水型及层控型和断裂带型6类基本的岩溶水文地质单元。并论述了各类型的水文地质特征，指出了各类系统的供水意义，对断陷盆地岩溶水资源的勘查和开发有较大的参考价值。 相似文献
12.
【研究目的】中国南方岩溶地区干旱缺水等问题异常突出,岩溶地下水赋存和分布的复杂,开发利用率低,基于多年调查研究工作为基础,系统总结南方岩溶区地下水资源特征,研讨水资源保障对策。【研究方法】基于南方岩溶区地下水资源特点、地下水系统类型、地下水系统空间结构的叠置性和时空分布不均性分析,提出南方岩溶区水资源保障对策。【研究结果】南方岩溶区可从以下三方面充分发挥地下水资源安全保障作用,一是掌握地下水赋存分布规律,发挥分散供水和应急供水作用;二是加强调蓄工程建设,解决水资源时空分布不均问题;三是建立与生态重建和经济发展相结合的地下水资源可持续利用模式。【结论】南方岩溶区地下水赋存条件复杂,具有表层带岩溶水系统、岩溶地下河与管道流系统、岩溶大泉系统以及分散排泄地下水系统多种类型,规模大小不一,开发利用形式多样;在垂向上具有叠置性,水空分布严重不均;开发利用潜力较大。在地球科学系统论的指导下,查明岩溶水资源赋存分布规律,科学评价地下水资源量,因地制宜制定水资源开发利用和保护方案,为脱贫攻坚、生态文明建设和乡村振兴提供技术支撑。创新点：以系统水文地质环境地质综合调查和地下水开发利用示范工作为基础,系统总结南方岩溶区地下水资源特点;针对岩溶区水资源安全保障问题,分析其主要原因,提出了水资源保障对策。 相似文献
13.
大南湖北露天煤矿首采区东南部需要揭露Ⅲ火烧岩区一部分,这使得烧变岩水成为露天煤矿矿井充水的主要水源。资源勘探阶段的水文地质资料表明,烧变岩区赋水空间发育、透水能力强,储存量非常可观,但由于受资源勘探阶段水文地质勘探工程量制约,水文地质条件未能详细查明,现有水文地质成果尚不能满足首采区对烧变岩水疏排设计的要求。对烧变岩地下水资源进行模拟开采性抽水试验,获取Ⅲ火烧区的水文地质参数,利用数值模拟的方法,运用MODFLOW软件建立了III火烧区地下水数值模型,并模拟计算出了Ⅲ火烧区地下水储存量。经验证,本次模拟所取得成果与煤矿实际情况相符,能够作为首采区矿坑疏排水设计依据。 相似文献
14.
以广州都会地区水文地质调查、钻孔、抽水试验、水质分析结果等资料为基础,通过对资料进行整理、统计、分析,完成了研究区地下水类型的划分,基本查明都会地区岩溶含水岩组的分布、埋深、岩溶发育特征、富水性、水化学性质和补径排分区等。并按照地层时代对各岩溶含水岩组进行划分和论述。 相似文献
15.
Investigation of discharge-area groundwaters for recharge source characterization on different scales: the case of Jinan in northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Jiale Wang Menggui Jin Guoping Lu Dele Zhang Fengxin Kang Baojie Jia 《Hydrogeology Journal》2016,24(7):1723-1737
Discharge-area groundwater in Jinan, a typical karst region in northern China, was investigated by studying both the hydrological and chemical processes evolving from the recharge in mountainous terrains to the karst-spring outflows in the metropolitan area. Large-scale exploitation of karst groundwater has led to a disturbing trend in the ever-decreasing spring outflow rates and groundwater level. There is insufficient information about the Jinan karst aquifers, which provide the main water sources to meet human demand and to sustain spring outflow. The coupling of hydrological and chemical processes quantifies the flow system through aqueous chemistry characterization of the water sources. This approach is used to study the groundwater flow discharges in different locations and geological settings. The potentiometric data indicated limited vertical connectivity between distinct hydrogeological units and alteration of the recharge regime by the faults and by artificial exploitation. Shallow groundwater primarily belongs to the local flow system, with high nitrate concentration and enriched stable isotopic contents. Thermal groundwater has high concentrations of chloride and total dissolved solids, derived from a regional flow system with the highest recharge altitudes and long residence time. Non-thermal karst water may be attributed to the intermediate flow system, with uniform HCO3–Ca(Mg) facies and low nitrate concentration. This work highlighted discharge as a fingerprint of groundwater flow conditions and provides a better insight into the hydrogeological system. 相似文献
16.
我国北方典型岩溶地下水位对降水及气象指数的响应特征——以鲁中地区为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
我国北方岩溶水资源是其经济社会发展的重要资源基础,表征水资源赋存特征的岩溶地下水位动态及其影响因素分析能够为岩溶水资源管理及合理开发利用提供重要支撑。本文选取鲁中地区3个典型水文地质单元,基于2010-2017年月值降水、地下水位及NPI气象指数数据,采用小波分析方法对上述指标的周期性、响应特征及遥相关特征进行了分析。结果表明:（1）各岩溶地下水位动态、降水与NPI的主波动周期均为1 a,其显著周期与分布时段等的异同是受自然条件和人类活动共同作用的结果。（2）各水文地质单元岩溶水位对降水的响应时滞为95.81~146.64 d,其差异主要源于观测站所处的地下水流系统的位置的不同。（3）NPI与降水存在一定的遥相关,与受降水影响的岩溶水位动态也存在遥相关。各岩溶水位对NPI的遥相关时滞为111.75~169.77 d,相比水位对降水时滞有所增加。鲁中岩溶地区地下水位对降水与NPI存在规律性的响应时滞,此种特征可为我国北方岩溶地下水位的预警预报提供帮助。 相似文献
17.
Sustainable yield of a karst aquifer system: a case study of Jinan springs in northern China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Based on the long-term monitoring data of rainfall, groundwater levels, groundwater abstraction, spring flow rates and groundwater quality, an assessment has been undertaken of the sustainable yield of a karst aquifer system in Shandong Province, northern China, to maintain perennial outflow of the karst springs while meeting water demands. One of the fundamental indicators for sustainable yield of groundwater is identified as maximum allowable water-level drawdown. A regional three-dimensional finite-difference numerical model has been developed to optimize the schemes associated with well fields and their locations and sustainable yields, in the Jinan spring catchment and its adjacent karst groundwater catchments, with the aim of maintaining the water level higher than the allowable lowest water level of 27.5?m above sea level. Furthermore, measures necessary to move towards sustainable use of the karst groundwater are outlined, drawing on contingency plans of water-source replacement and artificial recharge, dual water supply (based in water quality), use of the spring waters themselves, and groundwater quality protection. 相似文献
18.
南方岩溶含水系统结构识别方法初探 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
岩溶含水系统因其含水介质的高度不均匀性和各向异性而难以刻画。文章选取鄂西岩溶槽谷区典型的岩溶含水系统为研究对象,基于野外地面调查、裂隙测量、洞穴探测、多源高精度地下水示踪试验、地下水动态监测等传统手段,结合新技术、新方法来综合查明岩溶含水系统的结构,探讨岩溶含水系统的边界结构、岩溶发育主控方向、介质空间结构的识别方法,最终刻画出岩溶含水系统结构的概念模型。文章的研究成果旨在为岩溶山区1∶5万水文地质调查工作思路与方法应用提供参考,为提高全国新一轮1∶5万水文地质调查成果的精度与质量做贡献。 相似文献
19.
基于地下水开发的岩溶地下水系统类型划分方案探讨 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
岩溶山区多年的地下水开发利用实践证明,传统的岩溶地下水系统划分不利于指导岩溶山区勘查找水和地下水资源的开发。为了更好地指导岩溶山区地下水资源的勘查和开发,文章从有利指导岩溶山区地下水勘查和开发利用的角度,在继承传统划分方法的基础上,提出了一种新的以地下水的赋存条件、富集条件,以及开发条件三个层次组合的地下水系统综合划分方法:根据岩溶地下水系统与供水目标在空间上的关系划分为“高位”和“低位”两种类型,根据控制地下水富集的水文地质结构划分为“开放”和“封闭”两个亚类,根据地下水的水动力和排泄特点划分为集中（地下河、岩溶泉）和分散排泄三类系统,并给出了“高位”型地下水系统开发成本低、“封闭型”地下水系统资源丰富,“封闭型地下水系统”是缺水区勘查找水的主要目标,合理的岩溶水系统的开发利用应按照“高位封闭型”、“高位开放型”、“低位封闭型”的顺序进行规划部署,“低位开放型”地下水系统则因富水性差、开发利用成本高可作为储备水源地的建议。 相似文献
20.
WU Ai-min HAO Ai-bing GUO Hai-peng LIU Jing-tao ZHANG Er-yong WANG Huang WANG Xin-feng WEN Xue-ru ZHANG Cui-guang 《地下水科学与工程》2020,8(3):195-209
This paper reviewed the main achievements of hydrogeological survey in China, summarized the significant progress of hydrogeological survey over the past decade, and forecasted the key responsibilities for hydrogeological survey in the p14th Five-year Planq. The significant progress includes: China established the 1: 50 000 standard hydrogeological survey system with Chinese characteristics and produced the new generation of high-quality hydrogeological maps; the national groundwater monitoring project was completed and accepted, which marks China taking the leading position in groundwater monitoring internationally; fruitful results were achieved in the national groundwater quality survey, and groundwater quality background values were basically identified and checked; hydrogeological and environmental geological survey was continuously promoted in karst areas and the ecological restoration of rocky desertification achieved remarkable results; China strengthened layer exploration techniques for groundwater, integrating the key and practical techniques of layer exploration and monitoring; the exploration of groundwater in the poverty-stricken regions and old revolutionary base areas were effectively promoted to strongly guarantee the poverty alleviation and drinking water safety; the mystery of desert groundwater was uncovered, making up for the shortage of 1: 250 000 hydrogeological survey in the Badain Jaran Desert; and more efforts were made to conduct survey on the water resources in the basin, and to finish the unified measurement of national-scale groundwater level. 相似文献