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1.
组合式抗滑桩是加固大型滑坡的有效防护措施, 但上硬下软等复合地层中h型抗滑桩的加固机理仍有待深入研究。基于一套自主研发的上硬下软地层滑坡-h型抗滑桩物理模型试验装置, 综合应力应变监测、激光测距仪、高速相机与粒子图像测速(PIV)技术研究了上硬下软地层滑坡中h型桩的位移、内力响应规律与滑体变形破坏特征, 揭示了上硬下软地层条件下h型桩与滑坡相互作用机理。研究结果表明, 在坡顶荷载逐渐增加的条件下, h型桩加固的上硬下软地层滑坡的演化阶段可划分为蠕变阶段、匀速变形阶段、加速变形阶段和破坏阶段4个阶段。受连系梁影响, 前排桩与后排桩桩顶位移较小, 应变最大值出现在靠近滑面深度处; 后排桩弯矩呈"S"型分布, 前排桩弯矩呈三角形分布, 负弯矩最大值位于连系梁下方20 cm处。随着硬岩体积分数(φ β)增加, 桩顶位移逐渐减小, 前、后排桩最大弯矩值也逐渐减小, 但硬岩体积分数超过60%后最大弯矩值变化幅度较小。当φ β=20%和40%时, 后排桩土压力总体呈抛物线形式; 当φ β=60%和80%时, 土压力总体呈反"S"型, 且滑面附近出现第二个土压力峰值; 前排桩土压力分布形式均为抛物线型。试验结果可为组合式抗滑桩加固机理研究和设计提供理论支撑。 相似文献
2.
随着我国公路建设不断向山区深入, 在地质构造复杂区公路边坡遇到断层破碎带的情况日渐增多, 亟需开展阻滑能力强的抗滑桩结构加固边坡研究。传统的人工挖孔桩施工模式存在高风险、低效率等缺点, 而组合式圆截面抗滑桩具有施工效率高、安全便捷等特点, 为此, 探究其对含断层破碎带边坡的加固效果具有现实意义。采用自主设计的边坡物理试验系统, 设计了5种不同破碎带厚度与组合式圆截面抗滑桩组合的物理模型, 采用坡顶逐级加载的方式模拟加载, 监测桩身应变、桩顶位移和桩后土压力, 采用高速相机捕捉滑体变形破坏图像, 并使用粒子图像测速(PIV)技术对图像进行处理。研究结果表明: 组合式圆截面抗滑桩通过限制桩后滑体水平位移, 并将滑体限制在前、后排桩间来达到加固边坡的效果; 滑体演化分为变形压密、加速变形和破坏滑移3个阶段; 前、后排桩桩后土压力比值介于1/3~1/2之间; 随断层破碎带厚度增加, 滑体水平滑移速率增大, 组合式圆截面抗滑桩的桩顶位移增大, 桩身最大正弯矩减小。模型试验与数值模拟计算的弯矩及桩顶位移较为吻合, 研究成果可为边坡工程组合式圆截面抗滑桩设计提供一定借鉴与参考。 相似文献
3.
滑坡-抗滑桩体系演化机理是滑坡灾害防治的重要理论基础,其中桩土相互作用是滑坡-抗滑桩体系中的关键,而位移场是相互作用的重要表征之一,因此,对滑坡-抗滑桩体系位移场的研究具有十分重要的工程意义。以物理模型试验为手段,基于三峡库区堆积层滑坡工程地质特征,建立大型物理试验模型,通过逐级施加荷载来模拟滑坡后缘推力,采用高速摄像机及粒子图像测速技术等获取滑坡坡表与桩顶位移数据,定量分析了体系位移场变化特征。试验结果显示:在滑坡-抗滑桩体系演化过程中,坡表位移场变化呈现出很好的规律性,这为桩土相互作用研究机理起到了一定的推动作用。 相似文献
4.
滑坡变形演化特征一直是滑坡灾害预测与防治领域急需解决的关键问题, 但对于多层滑带滑坡的变形演化特征却少有研究。以物理模型试验为手段建立了三层滑带滑坡物理试验模型, 完成了多层滑带滑坡变形演化全过程的模拟。基于PIV技术获取坡表位移数据, 通过柔性测斜仪监测滑坡深部位移, 同时布设土压力盒获取滑坡内部土压力的变化情况, 实现了多层滑带滑坡演化过程多参量数据分析。试验结果表明, 多层滑带滑坡破坏过程可分为初始、等速、加速和破坏4个阶段。不同破坏阶段滑坡的主要变形区域不同, 下层滑体受到上层滑体牵引作用, 在重力和推力作用下滑坡变形逐渐向浅层发展。变形过程中滑坡应力逐渐向滑带集中, 滑坡推力沿埋深方向呈多级梯形分布。加速变形阶段滑带处应力迅速增大, 滑坡体内产生多层应力集中带, 滑带位置推力变化与滑坡位移显著相关。 相似文献
5.
【目的】研究海上沉桩贯入软土地基诱发的挤土效应。【方法】利用有限元大变形RITSS程序,通过大量的参数分析,对海洋地基桩基础贯入引起的挤土效应、土体破坏机理、周围土体的水平和隆起位移,以及挤土效应的影响范围展开系统研究。【结果】将数值模型与锥形桩(圆锥贯入仪)经典理论解进行比对,获得了较好的一致性。对大量数值仿真结果进行统计,获得在海洋地基中沉桩时土体的径向位移和垂直隆起高度的定量化描述,桩周土在1~3倍圆桩半径范围内最大水平位移为0.26R。【结论】提出关于水平位移和隆起高度的计算公式,能够预测沉桩对临近土体扰动的影响范围,能较为准确地评估多桩系统中沉桩对临近桩基础的影响。 相似文献
6.
A new small-scale geotechnical physical model in 1-g and unconfined condition, combining the transparent soil, close-range photogrammetry and particle image velocimetry (PIV), was employed, which provides a non-intrusively internal deformation measurement approach to monitor the internal deformation of soil caused by expanded-base pile jacking with casing. The transparent soil was made of fused quartz and its refractive index matched blended oil, adding reflective particles (glass beads). Close-range photogrammetry was employed to record the images of the process of casing jacking and extraction in transparent soil, allowing the use of Matlab-based Geo-PIV to figure out the displacement field converted from image space to object space. Analysis of test results indicates that the maximum displacement caused by casing jacking for expanded-conical-base pile is decreased by 29% compared with that for expanded-flat-base pile. The main movement happens at the early stage of casing extraction. The maximum displacement caused by casing extraction for the conical base is about 43% of that for the flat base, while the affected zone caused by casing extraction for the conical base accounts for about 1/3 of that for the flat base. The contraction for horizontal displacements tends to decrease with the depth increasing. By contrast, the contraction under pile base decreases with the increasing of displacement. The displacements generated by jacking a conventional pile having a diameter equal to the casing diameter of the expanded-base pile were comparable to the net displacement taking place due to expanded-base pile installation for the conical base pile. 相似文献
7.
Long-term kinematic research of slowmoving debris slide is rare despite of the widespread global distribution of this kind. This paper presents a study of the kinematics and mechanism of the Jinpingzi debris slide located on the Jinsha river bank in southwest China. This debris slide is known to have a volume of 27×106 m3 in active state for at least one century. Field survey and geotechnical investigation were carried out to define the structure of the landslide. The physical and mechanical properties of the landslide materials were obtained by in-situ and laboratory tests. Additionally, surface and subsurface displacements, as well as groundwater level fluctuations, were monitored since 2005. Movement features, especially the response of the landslide movement to rainfall, were analysed. Relationships between resisting forces and driving forces were analysed by using the limit equilibrium method assuming rigid-plastic frictional slip. The results confirmed a viscous component in the long-termcontinuous movement resulting in the quasioverconsolidated state of the slip zone with higher strength parameters than some other types of slowmoving landslides. Both surface and subsurface displacements showed an advancing pattern by the straight outwardly inclined(rather than gently or reversely inclined) slip zone, which resulted in low resistance to the entire sliding mass. The average surface displacement rate from 2005 to 2016 was estimated to be 0.19~0.87 mm/d. Basal sliding on the silty clay seam accounted for most of the deformation with different degrees of internal deformation in different parts. Rainfall was the predominant factor affecting the kinematics of Jinpingzi landslide while the role of groundwater level, though positive, was not significant. The response of the groundwater level to rainfall infiltration was not apparent. Unlike some shallow slow-moving earth flows or mudslides, whose behaviors are directly related to the phreatic groundwater level, the mechanism for Jinpingzi landslide kinematics is more likely related to the changing weight of the sliding mass and thedownslope seepage pressure in the shallow soil mass resulting from rainfall events. 相似文献
8.
介绍位移传感器数据远程传输方法,阐述位移传感器数据解码算法,并验证解码数据的准确性及可靠性。同时,将其应用于黑方台党川滑坡的变形监测,获得了滑坡监测点的实时形变信息,可为滑坡变形监测和预警提供技术支撑。 相似文献
9.
为了研究川西凹陷地区中更新统冰水沉积滑坡的变形破坏机制和稳定性, 以G5京昆高速成雅段K1887+350滑坡为例, 通过工程地质勘察和物理力学试验, 运用综合监测技术, 以滑坡的实际变形量为基础, 分析了滑坡变形破坏机制, 研究加固处治前后的滑坡稳定性。结果表明: 不利的地质结构、前缘临空及降水诱发是K1887+350滑坡变形破坏失稳的主要原因, 中更新统冰水沉积层细粒土的膨胀性进一步降低了土体抗剪性质, 地表水长期渗润最终导致冰水沉积物浅表发生蠕动-拉裂变形; 地表裂缝监测是判断山体变形趋势、分析滑坡稳定性的有效途径。 相似文献
10.
研究抗滑桩的受力特征是进行抗滑桩设计工作的关键。我国三峡库区部分堆积层滑坡发育多层滑带,而目前抗滑桩的设计方法仅针对单层滑坡,因此,对多层滑带堆积层滑坡—抗滑桩受力特征的研究具有重要意义。基于三峡库区堆积层滑坡工程地质特征,开展了多层滑带堆积层滑坡物理试验模型,在滑坡的后缘施加推力来模拟滑坡演化过程,同时监测滑坡—抗滑桩体系的多场信息。试验结果表明,在多层滑带堆积层滑坡的演化过程中,桩身受力表现出了很好的规律性。根据坡表位移的变化趋势,将滑坡演化分为4个阶段,在此基础上对桩身受力进行分析。滑坡推力分布图式中出现了4个极大值,土体抗力分布图式中出现唯一最大值,该试验结果为抗滑桩的设计提供了一定的理论支持。 相似文献
11.
大量穿越山地丘陵区的高压输电线路杆塔基础常位于滑坡灾害高易发斜坡地段, 施加适当防护措施提高其稳定性, 是保障输电线路持续安全运行的关键。为研究不同防护措施对杆塔基础滑坡的防护效果, 以湖北省巴东县燕子滑坡为地质原型, 设计制作物理试验模型, 分别开展了极端降雨条件下滑坡在无防护、施加抗滑桩与格构护坡时的物理模型试验, 从试验角度揭示了滑坡变形破坏特征与不同防护措施的防护效果。试验结果表明: 在2种极端降雨工况(50, 100 mm/h)下, 无防护的滑坡体历经了坡表冲刷、裂缝扩展、局部垮塌变形与整体滑动的演化过程; 抗滑桩措施对滑坡整体的防护效果显著, 滑坡整体处于稳定状态, 杆塔基础变形较小, 杆塔倾斜率满足规范, 但坡表会出现冲刷垮塌现象; 格构护坡措施能有效减少坡面冲刷和坡脚垮塌风险, 但在持续强降雨条件下对杆塔基础的整体稳固作用稍弱。物理模型试验结果与滑坡历史变形和实际治理效果吻合, 试验结论可为类似杆塔基础滑坡的破坏机理研究与防护工程设计提供借鉴。 相似文献
12.
水库滑坡变形破坏受其岩土体蠕变特性及环境因素的影响。当滑坡进入加速变形阶段后,变形骤然增大,失稳概率增加。为了研究滑坡岩土体蠕变特性及其稳定性,选取锦屏一级水电站呷爬滑坡为研究对象,采用坡表位移监测曲线分析与室内三轴蠕变试验相结合的方法,建立了Burgers蠕变模型结合FLAC3D软件进行了滑坡稳定性研究。分析坡表位移-时间曲线发现,坡体变形特征与一般滑坡土体的蠕变特征具有相似性,滑带土室内三轴蠕变试验结果表明,滑带土变形可划分为瞬时蠕变、减速蠕变与稳定蠕变3个阶段,同时其瞬时变形量、稳定蠕变速率均随围压以及应力水平的增大而增大。基于滑带土蠕变特性的Burgers蠕变模型的计算结果,对比了常规强度折减法与考虑蠕变的强度折减法的滑坡稳定性系数,计算结果表明呷爬滑坡目前处于稳定状态,在一个计算周期内考虑蠕变的强度折减法较常规强度折减法的稳定性系数下降了0.04,因此,揭示滑坡土体蠕变特性并在此基础上研究其稳定性具有实际意义。 相似文献
13.
锚索抗滑桩是滑坡的主要支护结构之一。目前, 软硬相间地层条件下锚索抗滑桩的受力与变形特征尚缺乏系统研究。以软硬相间地层为地质背景, 基于自主研发的柔性测斜仪和自动加载系统, 构建了锚索抗滑桩加固滑坡物理模型试验系统, 开展了锚索抗滑桩加固滑坡的物理模型试验, 揭示了推力不断增加过程中抗滑桩、锚索和滑体的变形与受力特征, 对比研究了布锚方式对桩-锚受力与变形的影响规律, 通过数值模拟的方法分析了软硬相间地层对锚索抗滑桩的影响机理, 并以双锚点抗滑桩为例进行了理论分析。研究结果表明: ①在滑坡-锚索抗滑桩体系中, 桩身各点位移和滑体深部位移均随桩身深度的增加而减小, 滑体后部位移速率大于中部, 且滑体位移速率大于桩身位移速率; ②单锚点抗滑桩的桩-锚推力分担比经历了4个阶段的变化, 趋于稳定时桩-锚推力分担比约为9∶1, 锚索拉力作用下桩身弯矩呈"S"型分布, 正负弯矩非对称; ③锚固角度越大, 锚索拉力的增速越大, 不同锚固角度对桩身内力值的影响主要体现在受荷段; ④多锚点抗滑桩结构的锚索分担更多的推力, 与单锚点抗滑桩相比, 双锚点与三锚点抗滑桩的最大桩身弯矩分别减小了22.41%和40.55%;⑤与均质地层相比, 软硬相间地层中软、硬岩交界面处基岩应力发生突变, 不同软岩厚度比和桩底是否嵌入硬岩, 均对锚索拉力和桩-岩之间的相互作用有不同程度的影响; 其次, 双锚点抗滑桩内力的理论值与试验结果较为接近。本研究成果可为软硬相间地层中锚索抗滑桩加固滑坡工程的优化设计提供依据。 相似文献
14.
研究库水位波动和降雨影响下滑坡的位移变形特征并分析其破坏机制，对了解三峡库区滑坡的演化过程具有重要意义。以奉节曾家棚滑坡为例，基于GPS地表监测位移分析了滑坡在不同特征库水位运行阶段的变化规律，结合灰色关联度模型确定了滑坡不同部位的变形在不同阶段的主要控制因素，借助GEO-Studio软件模拟了曾家棚滑坡在历史降雨和库水位波动耦合作用下的稳定性变化，并与定量分析结果进行了交叉检验。结果表明:曾家棚滑坡的运动状态随时间变化，从缓慢蠕变状态进入阶跃变形状态。平面上，中东部坡体与西部坡体相比，运动更加强烈；剖面上，前缘变形早且变形量大。曾家棚滑坡变形失稳过程为初期蓄水启动了曾家棚古滑坡，前缘首先发生变形；降雨作为中后期主控因素，和库水位波动联合作用共同诱发了滑坡多次阶跃变形，使滑坡前中后部形成贯通裂缝；最终由二十年一遇的暴雨诱发滑坡发生整体破坏。 相似文献
15.
Slope reinforcement for housing in Three Gorges reservoir area 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
The Three Gorges Project of the Yangtze River is the largest hydropower-complex project under construction in the world. Under the largescale relocation projects, 2874 engineered slopes are formed along with the construction of new towns. In this paper, the cutting slopes are mainly soil slopes and rock slopes. Soil slopes include residual soil slopes, colluvial accumulation slopes, swelling soil slopes, and artificial earth fill slopes, etc. Rock slopes include blocky structure rock slopes, layer structure rock slopes, and clastic structure rock slopes, etc. Varied protection measures have been used for slope protection in the reservoir area including shotcrete concrete-anchor bars, frame beams, retaining walls, slope stabilizing piles, sheet-pile walls, anchorage anti-shear tunnels, flexible protection grids, and drainage, etc. Besides, slope deformation monitoring systems have been set up to monitor deformation failure and the stability state of slopes. The protection measures have guaranteed slope safety and maintained a harmony with the urban environment and surrounding landscape. 相似文献
16.
Xigeda formation is a type of hundred-meter-thick lacustrine sediments of being prone to triggering landslides along the trunk channel and tributaries of the upper Yangtze River in China. The Yonglang landslide located near Yonglang Town of Dechang County in Sichuan Province of China, which was a typical Xigeda formation landslide, was stabilized by anti-slide piles. Loading tests on a loading-test pile were conducted to measure the displacements and moments. The uncertainty of the tested geomechanical parameters of the Yonglang landslide over certain ranges would be problematic during the evaluation of the landslide. Thus, uniform design was introduced in the experimental design, and by which, numerical analyses of the loading-test pile were performed using Fast Lagrangian Analysis of Continua (FLAC3D) to acquire a database of the geomechanical parameters of the Yonglang landslide and the corresponding displacements of the loading-test pile. A three-layer back-propagation neural network was established and trained with the database, and then tested and verified for its accuracy and reliability in numerical simulations. Displacement back analysis was conducted by substituting the displacements of the loading-test pile to the well-trained three-layer back-propagation neural network so as to identify the geomechanical parameters of the Yonglang landslide. The neural-network-based displacement back analysis method with the proposed methodology is verified to be accurate and reliable for the identification of the uncertain geomechanical parameters of landslides. 相似文献
17.
论述了BDS/GPS双系统组合下的单频单历元阻尼LAMBDA算法原理,并基于该算法实现一种实时远程变形监测系统。以理县某边坡变形监测应用为例,比较了GPS、BDS及其组合系统下的观测条件和阻尼LAMBDA算法定位效果：BDS的观测卫星数多于GPS,PDOP值相较于GPS也更加稳定;BDS单历元解标准差在N、E、U方向上分别为0.40 cm、0.31 cm、1.00 cm,优于GPS的0.61 cm、0.40 cm、1.74 cm。长期实验结果表明,在我国南部边坡监测中,BDS相比GPS具有一定优势。理县边坡23个月内位移量显著,3个监测站平均位移在N、E、U方向上分别达到8.70 cm、43.63 cm、18.03 cm。强降雨是引起土质山体滑坡的主要因素,使用累积降雨量和累积位移量建立线型回归模型,线性相关系数在0.98以上。在边坡监测中,可将实时的位移数据和降雨数据作为滑坡预警的重要依据。 相似文献
18.
Liang Qiao Xing-min Meng Guan Chen Yi Zhang Peng Guo Run-qiang Zeng Ya-jun Li 《山地科学学报》2017,14(6):1113-1123
A colluvial landslide in a debris flow valley is a typical phenomena and is easily influenced by rainfall. The direct destructiveness of this kind of landslide is small, however, if failure occurs the resulting blocking of the channel may lead to a series of magnified secondary hazards. For this reason it is important to investigate the potential response of this type of landslide to rainfall. In the present paper, the Goulingping landslide, one of the colluvial landslides in the Goulingping valley in the middle of the Bailong River catchment in Gansu Province, China, was chosen for the study. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT), Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS), together with traditional monitoring methods, were used to monitor changes in water content and the deformation of the landslide caused by rainfall. ERT was used to detect changes in soil water content induced by rainfall. The most significant findings were as follows:(1) the water content in the centralupper part (0~41 m) of the landslide was greater than in the central-front part (41~84 m) and (2) there was a relatively high resistivity zone at depth within the sliding zone. The deformation characteristics at the surface of the landslide were monitored by TLS and the results revealed that rainstorms caused three types of deformation and failure: (1) gully erosion at the slope surface; (2) shallow sliding failure; (3) and slope foot erosion. Subsequent monitoring of continuous changes in pore-water pressure, soil pressure and displacement (using traditional methods) indicated that long duration light rainfall (average 2.22 mm/d) caused the entire landslide to enter a state of creeping deformation at the beginning of the rainy season. Shear-induced dilation occurred for the fast sliding (30.09 mm/d) during the critical failure sub-phase (EF). Pore-water pressure in the sliding zone was affected by rainfall. In addition, the sliding L1 parts of the landslide exerted a discontinuous pressure on the L2 part. Through the monitoring and analysis, we conclude that this kind of landslide may have large deformation at the beginning and the late of the rainy season. 相似文献
19.
顾及降雨及库水位因素的滑坡时滞分析与预测——以三峡库区新铺滑坡为例 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
降雨及库水位涨落是引起库岸滑坡形变失稳的主要诱发因素,但滑坡位移速率对此类诱发因素的响应具有一定的滞后性,影响人类对滑坡所处运动状态的判断与预测。针对常规预测模型中未考虑时滞效应的问题,利用三峡库区新铺滑坡的GNSS位移监测数据、奉节气象站降雨数据以及三峡库区库水位涨落数据,通过对监测区内9个GNSS监测点的位移速率序列与降雨量、库水位高程序列进行时滞互相关分析,确定时滞参数,进而应用多变量灰色系统理论方法,建立了时滞GM(1,3)预测模型,并对滑坡位移速率进行预测验证。结果表明:三峡库区新铺滑坡位移速率与降雨量显著相关,对降雨量的响应滞后时间约为5 d,滑体中后部受降雨影响比前缘更明显;位移速率与库水位高程高度相关,对三峡库区库水位涨落的响应滞后时间约为31 d,滑坡前缘受库水位涨落影响更明显,且离长江越近,滞后时间越短;利用加入时滞参数的时滞GM(1,3)模型进行预测,模型拟合优度达到0.702,相比GM(1,1)模型和未顾及时滞因素的GM(1,3)模型,预测精度分别提升了53.8%和58.3%,平均绝对误差百分比分别降低了7.19%和7.47%,在滑坡位移速率预测及库岸滑坡防灾减灾领域具有一定的工程应用价值。 相似文献
20.
锚索抗滑桩系统内力变形研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对锚索抗滑桩系统内锚索与抗滑桩受力状态综合分析的基础上,认为锚索的拉伸变形对锚索抗滑桩系统的内力及变形存在一定影响,基于锚索与抗滑桩的变形协调原理,提出了锚索拉力及其变形的计算方法,推导了抗滑桩桩身位移和内力的计算公式,并将该方法用于工程实例分析。通过与其他方法比较,说明使用该方法计算锚索抗滑桩的合理性和经济价值,并分析了锚索变形以及拉力大小对锚索抗滑桩系统内力变形的影响,所得结果已得到后期模型试验的数据支持。 相似文献