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2001年以来全球8级地震呈现新的活跃态势, 7.5级以上强震在空间上呈优势分布, 强震相对集中在西太平洋地震带和欧亚地震带, 印度—澳大利亚板块的汇聚边界带上尤为突出。 2009年全球发生20次7级以上强震, 其中有15次发生在印度—澳大利亚板块, 近期仍具有延续全球强震活动优势空间分布。 本文在以往关于印度—澳大利亚板块运动方式以及相关地震活动研究基础上, 将印度—澳大利亚板块分为印度亚板块和澳大利亚板块, 依据强震应变释放资料分析中国大陆西部、 印度板块边界和澳大利亚板块边界之间强震活动可能的相关性。 结果表明, 中国大陆西部地区与印度板块边界的强震活动有较好的相关性, 印度板块边界与澳大利亚板块边界活动也有一定的相关性。 1914—1993年时段的中国大陆西部地区5个完整强震释放时段与印度板块地震活动表现出很强的相关性, 且中国大陆西部地区强震活动相对印度板块边界地区滞后0~5年, 这对于中国大陆地区强震趋势跟踪具有一定的参考意义。 相似文献
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本文首先指出,二十世纪初以来,中国西南地区与印缅平原和菲律宾群岛地区的强震已完成了三期同步活动,且自1988年开始,它们又大致同步地活跃起来,至今已持续四五年。这种大范围的强震同步活跃现象,除显然具有共同的动力背景(附近板块大尺度作用增强)外,也有力地说明了处于此范围内的中国西南地区确实进入了新的强震活跃期。在此情况下,为进一步确定中国西南地区(1988年澜沧—耿马7.6级地震后)的下次可能发震空间,又研究了滇、藏、川三省强震迁移的有序性以及藏东地区和川南地区强震活动的自律性。结果表明,未来1～3年内,藏东和川南有爆发M≥7级大震的危险。 相似文献
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邢台地震区深部构造背景的地震转换波探测和研究 总被引：14，自引：5，他引：14
1982-1986年期间,在东汪、隆尧和百尺口邢台地区的强震震源区完成了3条近NW向地震转换波测深剖面。利用转换波数据处理新方法,实现了转换震相的相位对比追踪,得出了震源区较详细的深部构造剖面图和速度结构模型。发现强震震源区深部构造的特点为:上地壳强烈褶皱变形;中地壳急剧减薄;下地壳和上地幔局部上隆;存在一组深部超壳断裂;低速层急剧增厚,波速比增大以及上地幔波速偏低。表明研究区的下地壳和上地幔的温度可能偏高,其地震活动可能与上地幔物质的侵入作用有关。 相似文献
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重力作用下的地壳物质流是壳内重要的构造活动现象,它对大陆地区强震起着控制作用。大陆强震重复周期与地壳物质流速相关,在地壳物质流速较快的地区,强震重复周期较短,反之则较长。计算出地壳物质流速不同地区的强震重复周期值。在地壳物质流速低于一定数值的地区内,只能在地壳岩石中产生流变结构,而不致于发生强震。上述看法可供评价有关地区地震危险性时参考。 相似文献
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本文运用新疆历史地震资料,分析了该地区的强震时空分布及地震活跃周期和活动图象,并探讨了强震活动与空间环境因子的关系,这无疑对新疆强震活动趋势分析和该地区强震中长期预报具有较重要的意义。 相似文献
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通过对西藏冈底斯地区错勤—申扎大地电磁测深剖面的研究,揭示了该地区壳幔结构特征.上地壳底界面深度大约20 km,在扎日南木错以西和当惹雍错以东地区分别发育壳幔高导层(体).高导层(体)的中心——电阻率低值区出现在20~40 km深度,其根部可追踪到上地幔.从高导层(体)的发育特征推断:错勤—申扎剖面壳幔高导层(体)是在印度板块与欧亚板块主、晚碰撞阶段地幔热流物质上涌和后碰撞阶段地壳东西向拉张作用下,导致中、下地壳岩石相继发生两期部分熔融的结果.而当惹雍错可能是一条深度可能达到上地幔的深、大断裂. 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献