共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
1.
柴达木盆地那棱格勒河流域是我国目前最大的盐湖型锂矿区和工业设施最为完备的卤水锂工业基地,长期以来关于其尾闾盐湖区锂的物源问题备受关注。尽管目前的众多研究已经对流域内地表水体及尾闾区盐湖中锂的物源有了较为一致的看法,但盆地周缘围岩风化过程在其中起到的作用仍缺乏系统性认识。基于部分保守性微量元素在物源示踪研究中的重要作用,本文通过对流域内河流表层沉积物中的REEY、Li、Sc、Co、Nb、Ta、Th等微量元素开展其地球化学行为方面的分析,讨论了沉积物的物源属性特征及其中锂的来源特征,为深入认识盐湖区游离态锂资源的物源提供了新的证据。结果表明,那棱格勒河流域与毗邻的东、西对比区河流沉积物有着相似的化学风化背景和基岩类型,源岩具有显著的长英质岩和基性岩的二元混合特征,且基性源岩所占比重更大;而沉积物中的锂除尾闾盐湖区明显受到富锂孔隙水体夹带的影响外,其它地区锂的来源特征与沉积物的物源特征相同,表明地表迁移过程对介质中锂的通量影响较弱,沉积物中的锂更多的是以赋存在相关矿物结构中的形式存在;研究区来自源岩风化作用提供的游离态锂的量较为有限,尾闾盐湖中的锂资源主要以昆仑山深大断裂带涌出的热泉水的长年补给为主。 相似文献
2.
锂是一种重要的能源金属,随着新能源汽车及储能材料的广泛应用,全球锂资源需求量快速增加,预计未来十年内中国锂资源年需求量超过百万吨。锂矿主要分为三种类型,硬岩型、卤水型和沉积型。我国卤水型锂矿集中分布于青藏高原盐湖区,其中柴达木盆地盐湖锂资源最为集中,开发程度最高,是我国重要的盐湖锂资源产业基地。柴达木盆地一里坪、东-西台吉乃尔盐湖和察尔汗盐湖別勒滩区段卤水锂含量最高,是盆地主要的锂矿沉积区,流域锂资源的源-运-汇过程在盐湖卤水锂成矿中最具代表性,物质来源为那陵格勒河上游支流洪水河流域沿昆仑断裂分布的富锂热泉水补给,河水是携锂运移的主要载体,河水中的锂在出山口后历经多级冲积扇发生水岩反应(地表水/地下水转化与黏土矿物吸附/解吸)后到达尾闾盐湖区,最终蒸发浓缩富集成矿。同时,那陵格勒河流域中多级冲积扇的沉积演化制约着河流的摆动及锂的补给,导致尾闾盐湖成盐成矿时代和资源富集特征存在一定的差异,即成盐厚度东西端厚、中间薄,成盐时代西端老、东端新,而资源量东端富、西端少。因此,柴达木盆地中部富锂盐湖卤水矿床源-运-汇过程及那陵格勒河流域水文地貌演化研究是揭示尾闾盐湖成盐成矿及其空间差异联系的重要研究内容。 相似文献
3.
为了查清那棱格勒河尾闾盐湖—一里坪、西台、东台和察尔汗盐湖别勒滩区段高Mg/Li卤水富镁的主控因素及成因,系统采集了柴达木盆地那棱格勒河水、流域围岩和尾闾盐湖卤水样品,进行水样、岩样元素含量及矿物组合分析。结果表明,河水阴阳离子含量特征为Na~+>Ca~(2+)>Mg~(2+)和Cl~->HCO~-_3>SO■;与河水相比,卤水Ca~(2+)和HCO~-_3含量降低,Na~+、K~+、Cl~-和SO■明显富集,二者具有相似的Mg~(2+)离子含量所占阳离子总量的百分比(～25%);与南海海水和青海湖湖水蒸发曲线对比,卤水的镁含量落在曲线上,说明卤水富镁是由河水输入、蒸发浓缩控制的,而非盆地古湖自西向东浓缩迁移的结果;通过那陵格勒河流域围岩矿物和镁含量分析,发现河水流经的围岩中沉积有含镁矿物(白云石、含镁方解石和阳起石),且镁含量高达0.6%～11.5%,说明高镁的岩石风化溶滤是引起尾闾盐湖卤水富镁的主因。 相似文献
4.
那棱格勒河冲积扇含水层中赋存了巨大的地下淡水资源,除了维持流域生态用水之外,将用于为尾闾盐湖区提供生产和生活用水,其潜力十分巨大。地下水脆弱性评价是为了表征人类活动或自然作用下地下水水质对地表污染物的敏感性。本文在收集和整理了 42口水文地质钻孔数据的基础上,利用 DRASTIC模型对那棱格勒河流域 1级冲积扇潜水进行脆弱性评价。结果显示,那棱格勒河 I级冲积扇脆弱性指数大小范围为 110～170,按脆弱性指数大小 110～ 140、140～150、150～160、160～170分别分为极低—低敏感区、中等敏感区、高敏感区和极度敏感区 4个区域,所占的面积比分别为 2.13%、4.35%、17.81%和 75.72%,高敏感区和极度敏感区主要分布在冲积扇中部和整个冲积平原地带,沿着河流方向地下水的脆弱性越大。评价结果表明那棱格勒河冲积扇地下水的固有脆弱性较脆弱,即对地表污染物的敏感度高。研究结果将对那棱格勒河冲积扇地下水资源的保护和开发利用提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
南翼山油田卤水以高钙富锂等元素为特征,是柴达木盆地研究程度较高的油田卤水之一。本文根据南翼山构造区及其周边地区油田卤水、盐湖卤水、河水和潜水等不同水体的水化学及岩层的地球化学和矿物特征,研究了湖水的蒸发浓缩对Li+的富集作用,探讨了水岩反应对油田卤水Li+含量和δ7Li的影响。结果表明,埋藏之前的蒸发浓缩是Li+含量和总固溶物增大的主要原因;水岩反应对Li+含量和δ7Li有影响,但不会引起明显变化。南翼山油田卤水主要来源于古盐湖卤水,演化过程中曾受到水岩反应的影响。 相似文献
6.
对南极半岛西部海域的表层沉积物和岩芯S11样品中小于2微米粒级的分析表明,粘土矿物由蒙脱石、伊利石、绿泥石和高岭石组成。表层沉积物中以蒙脱石和伊利石两种矿物占优势。蒙脱石的变化趋势由北向南递减,在南设得兰群岛周围海区含量最高;伊利石的变化趋势与蒙脱石相反,主要分布在南极半岛西北侧。 岩芯S11中的粘土矿物仍由上述四种矿物组成。蒙脱石含量随深度增大而减少;伊利石和绿泥石含量随深度增大而增高。这种变化趋势表明蒙脱石在间冰期沉积物中最丰富,而伊利石和绿泥石在冰期沉积物中最丰富。 相似文献
7.
《西部资源》2021,(3)
基于南祁连盆地下日哈坳陷和哈拉湖坳陷剖面及井内样品测试分析,从有机质类型、有机质丰度、成熟度、孔隙类型、物性特征及孔隙结构方面对尕勒得寺组泥页岩有机质地球化学特征及储层特征进行了评价。认为尕勒得寺组有机质类型较好,以Ⅱ型为主,有机质丰度达到了中等—好烃源岩级别,成熟度达到了过成熟阶段,以滞留烃裂解生气为主,具备一定的产气能力。矿物组分以黏土矿物为主,次为石英,脆性指数低,页岩气开发阶段对储层改造要求较大;蒙脱石在伊蒙混层中含量较低,显示为晚成岩作用阶段。尕勒得寺组孔体积较好,以微孔和中孔为主;比表面积较大,主要受纳米级微孔控制,黏土矿物粒间孔及有机质孔贡献较大,总体来说尕勒得寺组具备较好的生储条件。 相似文献
8.
9.
为了探讨粒度特征所指示的环境意义,对西藏定结地区现代沙丘进行采样,分析不同类型沙丘表层沉积物的粒度特征。结果表明：（1）流动沙丘和爬坡沙丘粒度组成相似,灌丛沙堆与二者粒度组成差异较大。流动沙丘和爬坡沙丘表层沉积物主要以细砂和中砂为主,而灌丛沙堆表层沉积物以极细砂、细砂和粉砂为主。（2）不同类型沙丘粒度参数呈现不同变化趋势,流动沙丘和爬坡沙丘表层沉积物分选较好,近对称,中等尖锐,灌丛沙堆表层沉积物分选中等,正偏,很尖锐。（3）流动沙丘和爬坡沙丘频率分布曲线呈近似对称的单峰分布,灌丛沙堆频率分布曲线呈双峰分布;不同类型沙丘表层沉积物概率累积曲线差异较为明显。（4）不同类型沙丘表层沉积物沉积环境主要以风成沉积为主,少数为河流沉积。（5）不同类型沙丘表层沉积物粒度特征对比可知,粒度特征的差异主要是沙源、植被覆盖度和风况共同作用的结果。 相似文献
10.
流域水文模型的研制是水文科学中最重要的分支之一。其中包括集总式和分布式流域水文模型,分布式流域水文模型的种类很多,在我国的研究和应用比较普遍。那棱格勒河是柴达木盆地最大的一条河流,正确评价该河流的水文情况,对开发柴达木盆地盐湖资源具有十分重要的意义。应用分布式流域水文模型理论,对适用于那棱格勒河流域的水文循环动力学模型的类型进行选择,通过分析对比,选择出最适合本地区特殊条件的TOPKAPI模型,以便于探讨该地区水文循环的特点与规律,从而阐明盐湖区各类水体间的相互补给关系。 相似文献
11.
12.
William M. Last 《Journal of Paleolimnology》1990,4(3):219-238
In the western part of the Canadian Prairies, there are thousands of small, closed-basin saline lakes. Most of these lakes are ephemeral, filling with water during the spring and drying completely by late summer. Ceylon Lake, located in southern Saskatchewan, is typical of many of these shallow ephemeral lacustrine basins. The stratigraphic sequence recovered from this salt playa can be subdivided into six distinct facies types: (a) icelaid gravelly clay loam diamicton; (b) fluvial massive bedded to laminated sand; (c) lacustrine laminated calcareous clay and silt; (d) lacustrine laminated gypsiferous clay and silt; (e) lacustrine black, anoxic, nonlaminated, organic-rich mud; and (f) lacustrine salt. The crystalline salt facies, which can be up to 9 meters thick, is comprised mainly of sodium and sodium + magnesium sulfates, with smaller and more variable proportions of other sulfates, halides, carbonates, and insoluble clastic detritus.Although a variety of postdepositional processes have significantly altered the nature and stratigraphic relationships in the basin, the sediment fill does record, in a general way, the fluctuating depositional, hydrological, and geochemical conditions that existed in the basin since deglaciation. The Ceylon Lake basin originated about 15 000 years ago as meltwater from the retreating glacial ice cut a major spillway system in the drift and bedrock. The initial (early Holocene) phases of lacustrine sedimentation in Ceylon Lake occurred in a relatively deep freshwater lake. By about 6000 years B.P., the lake had become much shallower with numerous episodes of complete drying and subaerial exposure. The most recent 5000 years of deposition in the basin have been dominated by evaporite sedimentation. The composition of the soluble salts deposited during this time indicates some degree of cyclic sedimentation superimposed on an overall gradual shift from a sodium dominated brine to one of mixed sodium and magnesium. 相似文献
13.
Bowser Lake, a fiord lake in the northern Coast Mountains of British Columbia, contains a thick Holocene fill consisting mainly of silt and clay varves. These sediments were carried into the lake by proglacial Bowser River which drains a high-energy, heavily glacierized basin. Sedimentation in the lake is controlled by seasonal snow and ice melt, by autumn rainstorms, and by rare, but very large jökulhlaups from glacier-dammed lakes in the upper Bowser River basin which complicate environmental inferences from the sedimentary record. Sediment is dispersed through the deep western part of the lake by energetic turbidity currents. The turbidity currents apparently do not overtop a sill that separates the western basin from much shallower areas to the east. Large amounts of silt and clay are deposited from suspension in the eastern part of the lake, but sediment accumulation rates there are much lower than to the west. Several strong acoustic reflectors punctuate the varved fill in the western basin; these may be thick or relatively coarse beds deposited during jökulhlaups or exceptionally large storms. The contemporary sediment yield to Bowser Lake, estimated from sediments in the lake, is about 360 t km-2a-1. This is a relatively high value, but it is less than yields insome other, similar montane basins with extensive snow and ice cover.The most likely explanation for the difference is that large amounts of sediment have been, and continue to be, stored on the Bowser delta andin small proglacial lakes. 相似文献
14.
西台吉乃尔盐湖位于柴达木盆地中部,矿区卤水中富含锂、钾、硼、镁等多种元素,极具开发价值。自2003年开始,矿区已开始进行大规模采卤,利用前人1959年和2001年两次勘查资料,从水化学角度分析和探讨了西台吉乃尔盐湖矿区未大规模采卤前卤水中各元素的分布规律和变化特征。研究表明,矿区西北部主要为氯化物型卤水,其余大部分地区基本为硫酸镁亚型卤水,我们推测地下卤水水化学类型的差异很可能与不同区域原始卤水的组成及补给水等因素有关。有益组分中,高含量的Li+、K+主要分布在矿区的西北部;B2O3的高含量区主要在矿区的中东部广大地区。赋存于孔隙卤水中K+、Ca2+、Mg2+、Li+、Cl-等元素的平均含量要高于晶间卤水;B2O3、Na+、SO42-等则低于晶间卤水;卤水矿化度、pH值和密度则相差不多。孔隙卤水在Na+、K+、Mg2+/Cl--H2O四元体系介稳相图中的投影点接近光卤石相区;湖表卤水和晶间卤水在Na+、K+、Mg2+/Cl-,SO42--H2O五元体系介稳相图中位于泻利盐、软钾镁矾和钾石盐的共结点附近,且分布比较集中;湖表卤水在演化阶段上存在较大差别;晶间潜卤水已普遍进入钾石盐析出阶段。研究还表明,西台吉乃尔湖湖水的水化学变化明显受季节变化的影响,而湖表卤水与地下卤水存在着一定程度的水力联系,这种联系的强弱和变化特征尚待进一步研究。 相似文献
15.
在全新世时间尺度内,沉积记录主要受控于沉积物供给、输运和堆积过程等因素。对废黄河沉积记录的深入分析可以反演黄河南流夺淮过程中沉积物的“源”-“汇”关系。基于废黄河故道沉积记录中重矿物和地球化学元素特征,并结合与现代黄河沉积物的对比,揭示废黄河沉积记录中物质来源的信息。结果表明,废黄河故道沉积物中重矿物平均含量为0.19%,种类多达15余种,以稳定矿物为主,不同矿物的时空变化差异较大。废黄河故道泥质和砂质沉积物中,地球化学元素表现出明显的时空变化规律,随深度递增元素含量可分为降低、稳定和增加趋势。对比现代黄河沉积物,发现废黄河故道沉积物中稳定和极稳定矿物相对含量较高,泥质沉积物中更多地富集Zn,Ni,Al,Ba,Cu,Li,K等元素。这一差异性反映出其它不同河流物质补给而产生的影响,淮河沉积物中重矿物和地球化学元素的研究为该论断提供了佐证。 相似文献
16.
对青海柴达木盆地察尔汗、昆特依盐湖以及新疆罗布泊盐湖一系列沉积物样品进行了穆斯堡尔效应的研究。对全部样品做了常温下的穆斯堡尔谱学测量,并对部分样品做了低温下的测量。从穆斯堡尔谱的解析结果可知,盐湖沉积物黏土矿中含二价铁的主要矿物是绿泥石,在察尔汗盐湖样品中有少量菱铁矿;三价铁存在于多种矿物和非晶态的氢氧化物中;某些样品中含有少量的赤铁矿,它在常温下即出现磁有序。不同盐湖的沉积物样品和同一盐湖不同深度样品的含铁矿物组成及相对含量不同,Fe2+/Fe3+的比值也不同。这些结果可以反映出盐湖沉积过程中地球化学和环境及气候的变化。 相似文献
17.
柴达木盆地盐湖锂矿床成矿过程及分布规律 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
柴达木盆地盐湖蕴藏230×10~4t锂,集中分布在别勒滩、东西台等4个盐湖,占我国卤水锂资源总量~80%,战略资源地位不言而喻。近年来提锂技术及工程化研究倍受重视,而对盐湖锂矿成因和分布规律的了解凸显不足,锂矿资源流失严重与之不无关联。研究查明,昆仑山高温热泉群含锂泉水长期注入洪—那河,流入终端盐湖,蒸发富集成矿;锂的年输入通量748.8 t,结合区内盐湖锂矿总储量保守估算,成矿期始于14 ka BP之后;洪—那河早期主要流向别勒滩,在山前冲积扇向北推进、扇前河改道北流后,方才形成含锂河水当前分配格局。据此,破解了别勒滩锂矿在研究区储量最大的原由。还查明了锂矿床仅存在于别勒滩,而在达布逊等3个区段不能成矿的原因。阐明了锂的来源与新生代火山喷发岩、深部岩浆房、昆仑大断裂活动有关,以及含锂热水持续远程输送至盐湖成矿的地貌和水文气候动因。企业应当根据锂的分布规律和矿床特征,迅速转变钾肥生产模式。 相似文献
18.
Bedding characteristics of Holocene sediments from salt lakes of the northern Great Plains, Western Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The northern Great Plains region of western Canada contains many saline and hypersaline lakes. These lakes exhibit great diversity in geochemical and sedimentological characteristics which results in a wide range of bedding features and lamination types. Because of the high brine salinities and supersaturation with respect to many carbonate and sulfate evaporitic minerals, chemical laminae and beds are the most common stratification types observed. Simple monomineralic carbonate or sulfate layers as well as beds composed of complex mixtures of aragonite, magnesite, hydromagnesite, mirabilite, gypsum, epsomite,and/or bloedite occur frequently in Holocene sequences from these saline lakes. In addition, biolaminae, including microbialite bedding and accretionary tufa and travertine deposits, are present. Due to the dominance of chemical sedimentary processes operating in these lakes, physical laminae are uncommon. Other observed bedding features and sedimentary structures consist of distinctive pedogenic-cryogenic dry zones, salt karst structures, and clastic dykes and diapirs. Although paleoenvironmental investigations of these well-bedded sequences have just recently begun, several basins provide examples of the nature of paleolimnological information that can be derived from the salt lakes of the northern Great Plains. The chemical and biological laminae preserved in the Holocene sequence of Waldsea Lake provide evidence for significant fluctuations in brine chemistry and chemocline depth in this meromictic basin. Freefight Lake, another hypersaline meromictic lake, contains a relatively thick sequence of rapidly deposited, deep-water salts underlain by finely laminated carbonates, sulfates, and microbial mat sediments. These very thin, undisturbed laminae, combined with exceedingly high rates of offshore evaporite mineral accumulation, provide an excellent opportunity for high resolution geochemical and hydrologic reconstructions in a part of the region distinguished by a paucity of other sources of paleoenvironmental information. Chappice Lake, a shallow, hypersaline brine pool, contains a wealth of paleoenvironmental information. Although the basin probably never experienced the deep-water conditions that earmark Waldsea and Freefight lakes, nonetheless, finely laminated and well-bedded sequences abound in the Holocene record of Chappice Lake. The endogenic magnesium and calcium carbonates and sulfates comprising these laminae can be used to interpret the history of brine chemistry fluctuations which may then help to understand past changes in the hydrologic budget and groundwater inflow. 相似文献