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1.
通过对南五凹钻井所揭示的阜宁组进行岩性、地球化学、古生物及地震相等综合分析证实,南五凹阜宁组发育中深湖相泥质烃源岩,且该套烃源岩形成于"广湖咸水"沉积环境。"广湖"即湖盆分布广泛,中深湖相泥质烃源岩在凹陷深洼处和缓坡带均有发育,平面上面积大,纵向上厚度大,具备生成油气的物质基础。"咸水"即烃源岩形成时期湖盆受到了海侵影响,致使水体性质偏咸。南五凹与中国东部古新世—始新世期间曾遭受海侵影响的其他湖盆类似,其形成的咸化烃源岩具有"排烃早"的特征。南五凹阜宁组湖相烃源岩"广湖咸水"沉积特征对于油气勘探具有重要意义。 相似文献
2.
生物成因气资源潜力巨大,具有分布广、埋藏浅、易预测、勘探成本低等优点,作为天然气水合物的主要气源,是一种重要的天然气资源。其生成机理与生油以及热解产气机理有着明显的区别,形成条件也存在着特殊性,许多评价生油岩以及过成熟气的指标并不适用于生物气源岩生气能力的评价。通过分析生物成因气形成演化特征及控制因素,建立了生物气源岩生气能力评价指标体系及评价标准。生物气生成的主要控制因素是可供产甲烷菌等微生物群体可利用的物质条件以及适宜微生物生长活动的地质地球化学环境条件2个方面,有机质碳、氯仿沥青"A"、有机酸、有机质类型以及镜质体反射率是生物气源岩物质条件的评价指标;沉积速率、地层温度、Pr/Ph和Cl-含量是反映地质环境的评价指标;腐泥组分含量、PME、咔唑类化合物、甾烷/藿烷、nC-21/nC+22等能够反映微生物活动及其强度的指标可作为生物气源岩评价的参数。 相似文献
3.
郭振轩 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1986,(4)
生油岩是形成油气的物质基础.生油岩的规模、品质、成熟程度和分布特征,对盆地含油气远景及油气分布规律,都有决定性的影响.所以人们在评价盆地含油气远景时,总是很自然地把生油条件放在首位来考虑.中国近海自北而南分布有渤海、南黄海、东海、珠江口、北部湾和莺歌海等六个主要新生代沉积盆.它们在形成机制、演化过程和所处构造位置以及沉积环境上各有异同.反映在生油层的发育上,既有某些共同性而又各具特征. 相似文献
4.
《海洋地质前沿》2021,37(10)
南海西部大陆边缘南段发育万安盆地和湄公盆地,二者仅以昆仑隆起相隔,万安盆地以生气为主,湄公盆地以生油为主,造成二者油气差异性的原因有待探究。在已有的油气勘探资料和现有认识的基础上,通过对湄公盆地和万安盆地的热流背景、构造格局、沉积环境和生烃母质等特征进行剖析和类比,探讨2个盆地油气形成差异性的原因。研究认为,造成二者油气差异性的主要原因在于热流背景、构造格局、沉积环境以及生烃母质的不同。受断裂活动影响,万安盆地地温梯度和大地热流值均高于湄公盆地。万安盆地主力烃源岩时期是渐新世-早中新世,主要发育断拗型盆地湖沼-海湾相沉积,渐新世生烃母质主要为湖沼环境的藻类、水生植物以及高等植物的混源,早中新世生烃母质主要来自红树林等陆源高等植物,以Ⅱ_2-Ⅲ型干酪根为主,生气为主。湄公盆地主力烃源岩时期为渐新世,主要发育断陷型盆地湖相沉积,生烃母质主要来源于中深湖相的藻类和水生植物,以Ⅰ-Ⅱ型干酪根为主,生油为主。因此,断裂活动的差异控制了热流背景,构造格局的差异控制了沉积环境,沉积环境的差异控制了生烃母质,生烃母质的差异控制了油气类型。 相似文献
5.
渤海新近纪古湖发育的直接证据 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
通过渤海5口钻井的沉积有机质分析,以沉积有机质中浮游藻类丰度和类型、无定形有机质含量变化以及地层序列中富藻沉积层发育程度。作为指示湖相沉积环境发育的标志,确定渤海新近纪湖相沉积层的分布特征及渤海古坳陷湖的发育特征。分析表明,浮游藻类和无定形有机质含量高的层段在馆陶组和明下段都有分布,但发育最好的是在明下段下部。这是渤海新近纪湖相沉积地层存在的直接证据。从湖相沉积发育的差异看,馆陶组和明化镇组时期的古湖有着不同的特征,馆陶组早期渤海的湖泊可能很小,馆陶组中、晚期为湖泊扩张期,从含浮游藻类和无定形有机质沉积层纵向变化频繁出现可以看出浅湖沉积环境的不稳定性。新近纪古湖的盛期是在明下段下部沉积时段,当时渤海淡水湖泊普遍存在。 相似文献
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中太平洋MP2001-01柱状样品沉积地层记录与物性、源性及其环境意义 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
对太平洋中部MP2001-01站位柱状样品中可溶有机质(氯仿沥青"A")、有机碳、生物标志物(正构烷烃、类异戊二烯烃)、化学元素含量和比值[Al、Fe、Ti、Ba、Ba(bio)、Al/Ti和Ba(bio)/Ba]进行了分析和研究,结果显示:(1) 柱状样品中可溶有机质含量为(0.074～0.265)×10-3;饱和烃含量为(0.008～0.032)×10-3,占族组成的9.40%～19.20%;芳烃含量为(0.017～0.051)×10-3,占族组成的15.23%～25.54%;非烃含量为(0.037～0.146)×10-3,占族组成的40.67%～56.21%;沥青质含量为(0.011～0.049)×10-3,占族组成的13.51%～23.97%.沉积地层中饱和烃和芳烃含量较低,非烃含量占优势,沉积物的物性呈现出典型的低成熟特征.(2) 正构烷烃碳分子数分布范围大多为nC14～nC34,并多呈双峰群分布,主峰碳(MH)大多为nC17～nC19和nC27～nC29,轻、重烃比值(nC-23/nC+24)为0.631～0.950;碳优势指数(CPI)为0.983～1.382,显示出沉积物为海洋藻类、浮游生物、细菌和少量陆源高等植物的混合来源;样品中类异戊二烯烃中的姥鲛烷/植烷(Pr/Ph值)在沉积表层(0～1 cm)为最低,随着埋藏深度的增加,该比值有增高的趋势,尤其在8～11 cm和26～29 cm处,该比值达最高,表明此时的氧化程度为最高,指示了所在研究海域经历了还原-弱氧化-氧化-强氧化的大洋沉积环境,显示出该区沉积物在漫长的地质历史时期大多处于氧化环境中.沉积介质的氧化还原强度主要取决于底层水的氧浓度,因此沉积氧化还原条件的演化是推断南极底层流活动的一个重要线索.(3) 样品中的有机碳、烷烃总量、nC-23/nC+23值、化学元素及其比值[Al、Fe、Ti、Ba、Ba(bio)、Al/Ti和Ba(bio)/Ba]在14 cm层位处均发生突变,暗示着在这一地质时期中曾有过明显的沉积环境变异,这种变化对大洋生物有强烈的影响;气候变化指数Al/Ti显示出,14 cm层位处的上半部比下半部沉积时的气候明显温暖,揭示了沉积环境的变异与古气候的关系. 相似文献
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中国海域及邻区某些盆地生油岩的有机地球化学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
蓝先洪 《海洋地质与第四纪地质》1992,(3)
本文根据有机地球化学资料,研究和探讨了中国海域及邻区某些盆地生油岩的有机质丰度、可溶有机质的组成特征和不溶有机质的性质。结果表明,绝大多数生油岩有机碳含量大于0.90％,氯仿沥青“A”含量平均值大于600ppm,总烃大于200ppm。母质类型为腐殖—腐泥型和腐泥—腐殖型。 相似文献
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珠江口底质常、微量元素分析结果表明, 富含Si、Al、K、Mg、Fe和Ti等元素的陆源物质构成本区沉积物主体, 主要元素氧化物平均含量分别为SiO261.16%, Al2O314.74%, Fe2O35.72%, TiO20.88%, MgO1.84%, K2O2.63%, CaO2.70%, CaCO34.79%。底质元素含量与沉积物粒度组成关系密切, 主要元素Al2O3、MgO、Fe2O3、TiO2以及微量元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、V、Co、Ni、Ba在西北部近岸区以及伶仃洋中部细颗粒沉积区内富集; 而SiO2、CaO、Zr、Sr则在西南部和东南部粗颗粒沉积区富集。控制本区沉积物地球化学特征的因素主要有物质来源、沉积环境、水动力条件、沉积物粒度、矿物组成以及元素自身地球化学性质等。 相似文献
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《海洋地质前沿》2017,(2)
东非裂谷东支包含多个盆地,面积大,勘探程度低,构造演化复杂。以肯尼亚北部South Lokichar,Kerio及Turkana盆地为例,在区域构造、沉积及地球化学等资料的基础上,对裂谷盆地类型、构造演化和沉积充填及其对烃源岩的影响进行了详细分析。研究认为:South Lokichar盆地为被动裂谷,Kerio及Turkana盆地为主动裂谷。South Lokichar盆地经历了初始裂陷期、快速裂陷期及裂陷后期3个阶段,为一个完整的旋回;Kerio和Turkana盆地形成演化主要是受火山事件的控制,呈幕式拉张,此地区主要发生2期火山事件,对应着2期沉积旋回。裂谷演化控制烃源岩发育,South Lokichar盆地快速裂陷期发育大面积中深湖沉积环境,形成生烃指标优越的厚层泥岩;裂陷后期沉积地层厚度适宜,烃源岩恰处于成熟阶段,这2个阶段较好的匹配形成了优质烃源岩。Kerio和Turkana盆地2次火山事件形成中深湖沉积环境,但是持续时间短,分布面积较小,同时强烈的火山喷发使得中深湖相沉积中凝灰岩含量很高,烃源岩厚度仅为20~50m。烃源岩厚度薄是Kerio和Turkana盆地暂无发现的主要原因。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
16.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献