共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 281 毫秒
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地震属性技术在岩性和构造解释等方面得到了越来越广泛的应用，特别是在煤、油气资源勘探中具有重要的作用.基于淮南矿区谢桥1区13 1煤层地震勘探资料，提取了28种地震属性数据；通过地震属性的分析，优选出平均峰值振幅、振幅的峰态、最大绝对振幅、瞬时频率斜率等4种地震属性作为煤层厚度预测模型基本参数，结合已知钻孔资料，利用多元多项式回归以及BP人工神经网络方法，求出了各属性与煤厚之间的多元多项式回归模型及人工神经网络模型，并对模型进行了误差分析和应用结果对比分析，反映出人工神经网络模型在煤厚预测中具有好的应用效果. 相似文献
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地层岩性油气藏地震属性的研究和应用——以准噶尔盆地永1井区为例 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
本文以准噶尔盆地永1井区为例,在详细分析了目的层的地震和测井特征后,针对砂泥岩薄互层的叠后地震属性进行剖析.分析了不同地震属性在研究区的应用情况,同时对产生这种情况的原因进行了分析;本文中的叠后地震属性主要分层位属性和体积属性两类进行研究,在地层岩性油气藏的研究中起到了重要作用,在实际应用中取得了一定的成果. 相似文献
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致密砂岩油气藏在当前油气勘探开中占有重要地位.地震地质综合研究是此类油气藏勘探开发工作的重要组成部分.多数致密砂岩油气藏地表条件复杂,导致地震资料品质较差.油气藏岩性致密、低孔、低渗的地质特征导致地球物理异常微弱.这两个不利条件给地震地质综合研究造成了较大的困难.结合致密砂岩油气藏地震地质研究工作实践,本文对地震资料特殊处理、储层和特殊地质体地震预测与描述的关键技术进展及应用效果进行了阐述.面对黄土塬、山地等复杂地表采集条件和致密砂岩储层等特殊地质体地震地质研究的需要,介绍了高精度静校正、叠前多域去噪、地表一致性振幅补偿、小波变换提高分辨率处理技术及在鄂尔多斯盆地一些探区的应用情况.围绕致密储层等特殊地质体的地震预测与描述需求,着重介绍了致密砂泥岩地层岩石物理分析、煤系等特殊地层的地震属性分析与优化、致密碎屑岩储层反演、叠前地震资料流体检测、致密储层裂缝发育带地震预测和储层综合建模等关键技术在部尔多斯及川西探区实际应用中面临的具体问题、改进对策和实施效果. 相似文献
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长岭龙凤山火山岩为多机构、多期次喷发叠合分布的一套火山岩地层,火山通道识别是成藏分析和油气运移等研究工作的基础,同时也影响储量计算和开发井的部署.针对深层地震资料品质较差,且难以对火山通道进行准确刻画的问题,开展针对火山通道的地震属性优选.该地区火山岩具有"低频强振幅"的特点,通过地震属性优选,提取10 Hz单频体、纹理对比属性和最大振幅地震属性,平面上采用三者RGB融合方法识别并落实火山通道边界,剖面上采用10 Hz单频体、纹理对比属性和地震数据体三者HSV融合突出火山通道纵向展布.通过地震属性融合在碎屑岩里识别强振幅,在火山岩里识别低频能量,在一定程度上抑制其他岩相的影响,最终实现长岭龙凤山地区火山通道的准确刻画. 相似文献
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基于频率域峰值属性的河道砂体定量预测及应用(英文) 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
河道砂体是陆相含油气盆地最重要的储集类型之一,其边界识别和厚度定量预测是储层预测的热点难题。本文在总结现有方法技术的基础上,提出一种利用频率域峰值属性进行河道砂体边界识别和厚度定量预测的新方法。对典型河道薄砂体地震反射进行了正演模拟,构造了一种新的地震属性——峰值频率-振幅比,研究表明:峰值频率属性对地层厚度变化敏感,振幅属性对地层岩性变化敏感,两者比值突出河道砂体的边界,同时,借助峰值频率与薄层厚度间存在的定量关系进行薄砂体厚度计算。实际数据应用表明,地震峰值频率属性可以较好的刻画河道的平面展布特征;峰值频率-振幅比属性可以提高对河道砂体边界的识别能力;利用频率域地震属性进行砂体边界识别及厚度定量预测是可行的。 相似文献
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石臼坨凸起新近系岩性圈闭识别与刻画关键技术 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
规模性的区域岩性勘探要求高精度、高时效的岩性圈闭识别与刻画.对石臼坨凸起新近系明下段进行层序地层划分,建立层序地层格架,分析体系域内沉积砂体的发育规律,明确砂体的地质-地球物理响应关系.在此基础上,提出了适用于凸起区的岩性圈闭识别与刻画配套技术:基于地震属性提取的定性识别技术和基于地震多属反演的定量评价技术,实现了层序格架下岩性圈闭的快速、精细刻画.经钻井证实,该技术系列在凸起区滚动勘探中取得了很好的应用效果,钻探地质成功率达到100%,再发现一个新的亿吨级油田. 相似文献
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《应用地球物理》2015,(3)
相干属性是检测地下介质不连续性特征的主要参数之一,但倾斜地层会对相干属性产生干扰,故在计算相干属性时需要消除地层倾角的影响。传统的相干属性计算一般使用时域倾角扫描法来消除地层倾角的影响,但这种方法的精度受到采样间隔等因素的限制,并不能很好地消除地层倾角的影响。根据振幅谱具有不受地层倾角影响的特点,本文提出将预先定义的子数据体内的地震数据变换为振幅谱,再利用振幅谱构造协方差矩阵,协方差矩阵最大特征根与矩阵迹的比值作为子数据体中心点的相干值。利用振幅谱计算相干属性的方法能够较好地消除地层倾角的影响,而且可以使用不同频段的振幅谱计算相干体,具备多尺度相干体算法的特性。模型数据和实际地震数据的应用结果表明,振幅谱相干属性可以更好地消除地层倾角对相干属性的影响。 相似文献
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基于小波多尺度分析的奇性指数：一种新地震属性 总被引：22，自引：6，他引：22
传统的地震解释主要是观测地震振幅及相位的变化，但是地震振幅也会掩盖地下介质中真实的地质情况.在许多情况下，重要的地质信息可能是通过与振幅特征无关的奇异性参数来传递的.本文提出奇异性指数，即Hlder指数α（又被称为Lipschitz指数），可以作为一种新的地震属性，它能够准确反映数据中的奇点的位置和奇异性强度.Hlder指数α是对某一点上或某一点周围很小的范围内的奇异性强度的度量，大的α值表示低的奇异性（或高的正则性）.研究表明α可以作为一种自然的能够精确刻画地层边界的地震属性.本文根据这一思想，对合成和实测的地震数据进行了小波基础上的多尺度分析研究，结果表明由本文的算法得到的α提高了对地层边界划分的能力，而这些地层界面在传统的地震振幅显示则不明显. 相似文献
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地震属性分析技术在地球物理勘探领域的广泛应用,启发研究人员将其应用于人工源宽角反射/折射深地震测深剖面的资料预处理和震相识别。采用札达-泉水沟深地震测深资料,提取振幅、信噪比、主频、瞬时带宽、瞬时高频能量等地震属性参数,分析不同参数的物理含义,挑选其中对界面变化敏感的参数,对深地震测深资料进行预处理,并利用P波和S波的联合扫描,提高震相识别的准确性。走时互换结果显示,采用地震属性参数可有效提高震相拾取的准确性,进而提高后续地壳速度结构反演结果的精度。 相似文献
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Hydrocarbon prediction from seismic amplitude and amplitude‐versus‐offset is a daunting task. Amplitude interpretation is ambiguous due to the effects of lithology and pore fluid. In this paper, we propose a new attribute “J” based on a Gassmann–Biot fluid substitution to reduce ambiguity. Constrained by seismic and rock physics, the J attribute has good ability to detect hydrocarbons from seismic data. There are currently many attributes for hydrocarbon prediction. Among the existing attributes, far‐minus‐near times far and fluid factor are commonly used. In this paper, the effectiveness of these two existing attributes was compared with the new attribute. Numerical modelling was used to test the new attribute “J” and to compare “J” with the two existing attributes. The results showed that the J attribute can predict the existence of hydrocarbon in different porosity scenarios with less ambiguity than the other two attributes. Tests conducted with real seismic data demonstrated the effectiveness of the J attribute. The J attribute has performed well in scenarios in which the other two attributes gave inaccurate predictions. The proposed attribute “J” is fast and simple, and it could be used as a first step in hydrocarbon analysis for exploration. 相似文献
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The main problems in seismic attribute technology are the redundancy of data and the uncertainty of attributes, and these problems become much more serious in multi-wave seismic exploration. Data redundancy will increase the burden on interpreters, occupy large computer memory, take much more computing time, conceal the effective information, and especially cause the "curse of dimension". Uncertainty of attributes will reduce the accuracy of rebuilding the relationship between attributes and geological significance. In order to solve these problems, we study methods of principal component analysis (PCA), independent component analysis (ICA) for attribute optimization and support vector machine (SVM) for reservoir prediction. We propose a flow chart of multi-wave seismic attribute process and further apply it to multi-wave seismic reservoir prediction. The processing results of real seismic data demonstrate that reservoir prediction based on combination of PP- and PS-wave attributes, compared with that based on traditional PP-wave attributes, can improve the prediction accuracy. 相似文献
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随着油气田开发程度越来越高,勘探难度越来越大,如东部的老油田已经进入开发的后期,如何识别薄层砂体是非常重要的工作之一,解决这些难题这势必需要更先进的技术.地震属性能够很好的反映砂体横向展布特征,但是单一属性无法定量预测砂体厚度,而多属性之间又存在多解性,因此有必要提炼地震属性之间的共同点,将地震属性进行信息融合,形成新的融合属性.针对这一问题,本文提出首先利用高频谐波提高地震数据的分辨率,在此基础上着重研究基于概率核的地震属性融合方法,融合了几种常见的地震属性,并结合波阻抗反演方法,预测了N873区块沙三6-3小层砂体厚度.结果显示该方法能够很好的反映砂体横向展布特征,避免了地震属性多解性问题,为提高砂体预测的精度,提供了新的思路和方法. 相似文献
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介绍了地震属性分类及地质含义,并以彩16井区为例优选出对储层含油气性敏感的地震属性参数，建立它们与含油气性的关系，利用单属性及多属性聚类分析评价了目的层的储层质量，并进行了有利储层预测，并指出下一步的有利勘探目标. 相似文献
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Musa S.D. Manzi Gordon R.J. Cooper Alireza Malehmir Raymond J. Durrheim 《Geophysical Prospecting》2020,68(1):145-163
Seismic detection of faults, dykes, potholes and iron-rich ultramafic pegmatitic bodies is of great importance to the platinum mining industry, as these structures affect safety and efficiency. The application of conventional seismic attributes (such as instantaneous amplitude, phase and frequency) in the hard-rock environment is more challenging than in soft-rock settings because the geology is often complex, reflections disrupted and the seismic energy strongly scattered. We have developed new seismic attributes that sharpen seismic reflections, enabling additional structural information to be extracted from hard-rock seismic data. The symmetry attribute is based on the invariance of an object with respect to transformations such as rotation and reflection; it is independent of the trace reflection amplitude, and hence a better indicator of the lateral continuity of thin and weak reflections. The reflection-continuity detector attribute is based on the Hilbert transform; it enhances the visibility of the peaks and troughs of the seismic traces, and hence the continuity of weak reflections. We demonstrate the effectiveness of these new seismic attributes by applying them to a legacy 3D seismic data set from the Bushveld Complex in South Africa. These seismic attributes show good detection of deep-seated thin (∼1.5 m thick) platinum ore bodies and their associated complex geological structures (faults, dykes, potholes and iron-rich ultramafic pegmatites). They provide a fast, cost-effective and efficient interpretation tool that, when coupled with horizon-based seismic attributes, can reveal structures not seen in conventional interpretations. 相似文献
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四维地震(4D seimic)主要是指利用重复三维地震测量资料进行油藏动态监测。在油田开发过程中,由于储层特性变化所引起的地震振幅异常、频率变化以及反射同相轴下拖现象等均可作为注蒸汽波及范围四维地震监测的良好识别标志。由于叠后地震资料中常常存在动校正速度不准、动校正拉伸畸变、剩余静校正误差、以及CDP道集中各道波形的差异性等多方面的问题,这会对叠后地震资料所反映出的四维地震异常特性产生影响,造成解释结果的差异性和不确定性。为此,本文尝试开展叠前地震属性反演研究,利用瞬时频率、瞬时频率梯度、能量衰减85%时的频率、最大振幅频率、最大振幅、总能量等多种衰减属性的叠前剖面及其差值剖面来定性解释四维地震实验区的注入蒸汽在剖面上的反映。 相似文献
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Transverse isotropy with a vertical axis of symmetry is a common form of anisotropy in sedimentary basins, and it has a significant influence on the seismic amplitude variation with offset. Although exact solutions and approximations of the PP-wave reflection coefficient for the transversely isotropic media with vertical axis of symmetry have been explicitly studied, it is difficult to apply these equations to amplitude inversion, because more than three parameters need to be estimated, and such an inverse problem is highly ill-posed. In this paper, we propose a seismic amplitude inversion method for the transversely isotropic media with a vertical axis of symmetry based on a modified approximation of the reflection coefficient. This new approximation consists of only three model parameters: attribute A, the impedance (vertical phase velocity multiplied by bulk density); attribute B, shear modulus proportional to an anellipticity parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε−δ); and attribute C, the approximate horizontal P-wave phase velocity, which can be well estimated by using a Bayesian-framework-based inversion method. Using numerical tests we show that the derived approximation has similar accuracy to the existing linear approximation and much higher accuracy than isotropic approximations, especially at large angles of incidence and for strong anisotropy. The new inversion method is validated by using both synthetic data and field seismic data. We show that the inverted attributes are robust for shale-gas reservoir characterization: the shale formation can be discriminated from surrounding formations by using the crossplot of the attributes A and C, and then the gas-bearing shale can be identified through the combination of the attributes A and B. We then propose a rock-physics-based method and a stepwise-inversion-based method to estimate the P-wave anisotropy parameter (Thomsen's parameter ε). The latter is more suitable when subsurface media are strongly heterogeneous. The stepwise inversion produces a stable and accurate Thomsen's parameter ε, which is proved by using both synthetic and field data. 相似文献