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2020年7月12日唐山古冶 MS5．1地震发生前,井下小极距地电阻率出现快速下降-折返的变化,变化形态、异常时长符合地电阻率孕震机理变化,但下降幅度远远小于地表大极距地电阻率孕震过程的变化幅度.因此,文章基于通州台地下电性结构和装置系统,采用数值分析方法,分析地表和井下小极距地电阻率的探测深度.结果表明,当底层电性变化区域介质电阻率发生某种减小时,通州台地表和井下小极距地电阻率装置系统地电阻率观测值会下降,下降的幅度随着深部介质电阻率变化区域上界面向上的扩展而增大.相比地表观测,井下小极距电阻率观测能更显著地接收到深部电阻率变化信号,对孕震有更强的反映能力. 相似文献
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通州地震台井下地电阻率观测于2019年11月完成建设，完成相关测试后于2020年投入实际观测。在2020年7月12日河北唐山MS5.1地震前，地电阻率呈现出一定的变化，约从4月上旬开始NE和NW测道同步出现下降变化，6月中旬开始NW测道出现转折回升。EW测道同期存在一定的上升变化，但变化幅度约为NE测道幅度的1/4。此次地震的震源机制解为走滑型，最大主压应力方位为101°，与NE、NW和EW测道的夹角分别为70°、50°和10°。震前NE测道下降幅度最大，NW测道次之，EW测道变化幅度最小，符合实验结果和地震前地电阻率各向异性变化特征。 相似文献
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2017年精河MS6.6地震前地磁异常特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2017年8月9精河发生MS6.6地震，距震中300km范围内的温泉台、克拉玛依台、乌鲁木齐台捕捉到此次地震前的地磁异常信息，本文对此进行了分析和总结，结论如下：①地磁谐波振幅比反应了观测点深部电阻率变化，2016年呼图壁MS6.2、此次精河MS6.6地震均发生在克拉玛依台地磁谐波振幅比异常下降之后的转折和恢复阶段；②震前83天、21天沿北天山断裂带分布的地磁台站逐日比和加卸载响应比均成组出现超限的高值，且异常高值的空间分布与震中位置有一定关联；③全国大陆地磁台站震前34天出现低点位移突变分界线，且异常集中于震中附近。 相似文献
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对比分析喀什基准台麦盖提井下和相邻地表宽频带地震计记录的背景噪声、麦盖提ML3.1近震和棉兰老岛ML6.6远震波形记录以及功率谱,并进一步研究了相关的震级差和台站下方结构。研究结果表明,井下和地表地震计记录到的波形特征和功率谱既存在相似性,又具有差异性;井下地震计记录的近、远震波形更清晰、简洁,且功率谱也相对较低。麦盖提台站下方地壳厚度约50km,井下地震计下方59m和地表地震计下方47m深度范围内的平均S波速度分别为0.59km/s和0.47km/s。井下地震计得到的近震和远震震级分别比地表地震计得到的震级小0.518和0.025。本文研究结果对合理布设地表和井下地震计,以及利用其观测数据进行地震学研究具有一定的指示意义。 相似文献
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介绍了“中国大陆构造环境监测网络”（简称“陆态网络”）重力观测体系。从分形几何学角度研究了陆态网络重力测网的分形特征，计算得到测网分维数Df=1.5598、最佳网格化间距r=139km。综合测网分维数与重力时变距、重力异常范围、测网范围等量化指标，对陆态网络重力测网的地震监测能力进行分析，结果表明，测网最佳网格化间距等特征值与MS6.0地震引发的重力场变化区域的特征异常区半径等统计量化指标接近，具备监测我国除边界及藏北无人区以外大陆区域的MS6.0及以上地震的能力。 相似文献
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2008年汶川MS8.0地震前，距震中450km范围内有7个视电阻率台站运行，震前记录到了不同形态和幅值的变化。本文采用断层虚位错模式，在模型中将汶川地震同震滑动位移按大小相等但方向相反的方式进行加载，计算震前产生这些同震位错所需积累的应力应变分布。计算结果表明：在100m深度，震前正应力和剪切应力主要积累区域位于龙门山断裂带两侧约100km范围内，最大应力变化量为0.5MPa；体应变积累区域与应力积累区域基本一致，最大应变值为10-5，显示这些区域在震前存在较高的挤压应力应变积累，而在这些区域外，应力应变积累程度较低。成都台和江油台位于震前主要的应力应变挤压积累集中区域，视电阻率观测数据均为震前下降-准同震阶跃-震后回升，与震前应力应变积累-震后释放的变化形式一致，这2个台站震前的异常变化与汶川地震关系密切；而甘孜台、武都台、冕宁台、小庙台和天水台位于应力应变积累较弱的区域，其视电阻率变化与汶川地震的关联性较弱。 相似文献
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利用内蒙古地区测震台网记录到的地震波形数据,基于地震预警参数阈值（特征周期τc和位移幅值Pd）开展评估内蒙古地区中强地震潜在破坏区范围的研究。按照一定的筛选条件进行筛选后,拟合出适合内蒙古地区的τc与震级ML、Pd与τc和震源距R的统计关系式;根据现有地震事件的最大震级,得到仪器烈度为Ⅳ度、震级ML=5.0时对应的参数阈值为Pd=0.1075cm和τc=0.686s。最后对近年来内蒙古境内2次中强地震开展线下模拟,结果表明该方法需要台网具有一定密度,如能均匀分布,效果更好,否则会出现结果仅由经验关系式决定、而实际观测值没有发挥作用的问题。 相似文献
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利用290个ML ≥ 2.5的景谷6.6级地震序列事件的数字波形资料，计算得到其震源参数。结果显示，地震矩M0数值范围为1012~1016 N·m；拐角频率fc为3~16 Hz；视应力数值范围为0~15 MPa，平均值是2.14 MPa，中位数为1.39 MPa。同时，各个震源参数之间均存在一定的相关关系；景谷地震序列余震空间分布可分为北段、中段与南段，其视应力高低分布依次为：南段 > 中段 > 北段；表明主震发生后，震源区南段区域的应力水平最高，这可能是后续5.8级\，5.9级强余震均发生在南段的根本原因。在视应力时间变化特征方面，5.8级、5.9级强余震的发生前，震中所在的南段视应力数值存在"逐渐变大-维持稳定"的特点。而后续未发生强余震的北段和中段，其视应力时间变化为早期快速调整，后续逐渐变化到各自区域的视应力均值水平；这类变化表明对于震源区南段，在强余震发生前的短时间内，南段区域首先出现局部应力不断挤压增强，并随后维持相对高值应力水平的"闭锁"状态，直到强余震的发生。因而，震后震源区余震视应力的空间分布对强余震可能产生地点判定有指示作用，其时间变化特征与地震序列中较强地震的发生存在一定的相关性。余震视应力的时空变化对序列后续地震活动的判定有重要指示作用，可为强余震的时空判定提供相应参考。 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献