共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 125 毫秒
1.
本文基于显式有限元法研究了地震波垂直入射时三维复杂山谷地形对地震地面运动的影响,在数值分析中应用了三维化二维的解法和黏弹性人工边界的处理方法,实现了地震波垂直输入下三维复杂场地地震动数值模拟,并验证了该方法的合理性.以四川桃坪地区一山谷地形作为研究对象,基于地表高程数据分别建立了二维和三维场地模型,对比研究表明:在复杂地形情况下考虑二、三维模型时具有明显差异,三维模型能更真实地反映地形变化对地震动的影响,复杂地形条件下有必要考虑三维实际场地模型.本文对边界自由场的处理方法也可用于处理三维复杂场地地震动斜入射问题,为三维复杂地形场地地震效应研究提供参考. 相似文献
2.
对瞬变电磁法的方法发展概况和仪器研制状况做出了综述性评价.对瞬变电磁法正反演问题的研究成果进行了系统总结.目前的数值模拟正演方法主要有一维滤波系数法,三维积分方程法,二维,三维有限差分法,2.5维有限元法等,主要的反演方法有:一维浮动薄板解释法,人机对话自动反演法,烟圈理论解释法,神经网络反演法,成像类反演等,论述了瞬变电磁法各种计算方法的特点.瞬变电磁法的正反演发展趋势主要是研究三维正反演的计算方法和目标体成像系统. 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
为了解决包含了斜坡、弧度在内的基准面土方计算,提出了基于设计面建立虚拟三维模型进行土方计算的新方法,在采用设计图纸的图形和标高的基础上,通过南方CASS构建基于设计面的虚拟三维模型,以更直观、精准的模拟设计面元,并利用四个以上同名点与实地模型(Digital Terrain Model, DTM)嵌套,以提高模型计算精度。通过实例测量计算,对该方法的可行性进行研究,并对计算结果的精度与传统方法进行了对比。 相似文献
6.
表层地质对地震波传播影响的研究近年来十分引人注目。本文综述了国外一维及二，三维模型用于分析实际场地地震动增幅的新成果，并对该问题的研究作了评述和展望。 相似文献
7.
研究了三维各向异性裂缝介质的正演模拟的三种不同有限差分法,即标准交错网格(SSG)、旋转交错网格(RSG)和Lebedev方法(LS),详细对比分析这三种交错网格方法在模拟复杂各向异性介质的优势与局限.提出一种新的改进方法,简化了LS有限差分法在任意各向异性介质中的正演模拟.为了模拟三维大规模复杂各向异性介质的地震响应,提出一个优化的正演模拟计算流程：将模型参数分为模型介质参数和模型构造参数.该计算流程适用于三种有限差分法中的任何一种.使用LS方法实现任意三维各向异性裂缝介质地震响应的三维全波场模拟,通过使用三种不同的有限差分模拟方法进行二维和三维模型数值模拟试验,验证了所提出方法有效. 相似文献
8.
快速获取活断层的高精度微地貌形态和对应的浅层三维结构是揭示活断层浅地表形迹与活动特征的关键。文中综合利用地面三维激光扫描仪和地质雷达技术,以川西理塘地区毛垭坝盆地北缘主边界断裂禾尼段的正断层崖为研究对象,获取了该处正断层错动2期最新地貌面的精确地表垂直位移量和浅层二维地质雷达图像,并初步建立了基于地面三维激光与地质雷达的活断层微地貌精细化三维测量方法,构建了断层崖微地貌的精细三维模型和浅表三维图像,揭示了正断层崖处发育的伸展地堑结构,同时初步实现了断层微地貌地表地下三维数据的一体化融合显示及相互解译。应用结果表明,该方法可以同时快速、高效、无损地获取大范围内的活断层微地貌及浅层结构的多层次、多视觉的空间数据,极大地提高了对活动断层微地貌形态与浅层结构进行快速调查与研究的精度和认识水平,也为更全面地认识和理解活断层的空间分布与变形特征、活动习性和多期古地震遗迹等提供重要的数据和方法支持。因此,对该方法的继续探索和完善,将显著提升和扩展其在活断层定量化和精细化研究中的实用性及应用前景。 相似文献
9.
10.
三维起伏地表条件下的地震波走时计算技术是研究三维起伏地表地区很多地震数据处理技术的基础性工具.为了获得适应于任意三维起伏地表且计算精度高的走时算法,提出三维不等距迎风差分法.该方法采用不等距网格剖分三维起伏地表模型,通过在迎风差分格式中引入不等距差分格式、Huygens原理及Fermat原理来建立地表附近的局部走时计算公式,并通过在窄带技术中设定新的网格节点类型来获得三维起伏地表条件下算法的整体实现步骤.精度及算例分析表明:三维不等距迎风差分法具有很高的计算精度且能够适应于任意三维起伏地表模型. 相似文献
11.
本文从误差解析公式及数值模拟计算两种途径讨论了利用常用地方震相Pg,Sg,PmP,Pn,sPL测定震源深度的误差问题,结果表明,两种途径获取的误差值相当。对于上地壳的地震而言,当直达波走时误差处于0.1 s的量级时,若要将误差控制在3 km左右,则应选用震中距为30 km以内的台站;当走时误差处于0.2 s的量级时,若要控制同等误差,则应选用震中距为20 km以内的台站;如果地震位于下地壳,震中距可适当放宽,然而当震中距更大或走时误差更大时,震源深度的误差则近乎成倍增长。PmP,Pn,sPL对上地壳的震源深度测定误差要小于下地壳,同时对误差的控制较好,不会随震中距的增大而快速增大,震中距处于90 km范围以内且走时误差小于0.1 s时的深度误差基本均能控制在3.5 km以内。此外,本文还通过“棋盘格”的方式定量地分析了速度扰动对走时的影响,并以首都圈地区台网布局为基础,分析了加入首波对震源深度测定的改善效果。这两项数值对比结果均表明,在2%的速度扰动下,只要下地壳和莫霍面的速度参数不同时出现过大或过小现象,加入首波后对震源深度的测定误差则基本能控制在3 km以内,且一致性明显地高于单独使用直达波。 相似文献
12.
将具有高度重复性的地震波雷达长时间向地壳内发射线性调频信号,经过地下介质的传播后到达地面,用地震仪器在监测点和检测点记录下来,通过分析数据来了解地壳速度结构及波速变化.线性调频信号是一种非平稳信号,它的频率随时间线性变化,有很好的能量聚集性,非常适合做时间-频率分析.本文用短时傅里叶变换对监测点的信号进行时间-频率分析,以检验地震波雷达发射信号的时间和频率是否和控制系统一致.通过WignerVille分布将地震波雷达发射的信号能量聚集在线性调频直线上,再用Hough变换累积聚集的能量形成波峰,按照线性调频直线的倾角提取波峰所在行,计算到时后构成地震波走时曲线图.用靠近本次实验地点的H-21剖面得到的地壳速度结构正演该测线的Pg、Sg、PmP和SmS的折合走时曲线,并与用能量累积法提取出的地震波走时曲线进行对比,分析结果表明:地震波雷达发射线性调频信号的时间和频率都符合控制要求,重复性高达99.9%以上,可以清晰地分辨出Pg、Sg震相,并且PmP和SmS震相可辨. 相似文献
13.
Waveform Retrieval and Phase Identification for Seismic Data from the CASS Experiment 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Zhiwei Li Qingyu You Sidao Ni Tianyao Hao Hongti Wang Cantao Zhuang 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(5):815-830
The little destruction to the deployment site and high repeatability of the Controlled Accurate Seismic Source (CASS) shows its potential for investigating seismic wave velocities in the Earth's crust. However, the difficulty in retrieving impulsive seismic waveforms from the CASS data and identifying the seismic phases substantially prevents its wide applications. For example, identification of the seismic phases and accurate measurement of travel times are essential for resolving the spatial distribution of seismic velocities in the crust. Until now, it still remains a challenging task to estimate the accurate travel times of different seismic phases from the CASS data which features extended wave trains, unlike processing of the waveforms from impulsive events such as earthquakes or explosive sources. In this study, we introduce a time-frequency analysis method to process the CASS data, and try to retrieve the seismic waveforms and identify the major seismic phases traveling through the crust. We adopt the Wigner-Ville Distribution (WVD) approach which has been used in signal detection and parameter estimation for linear frequency modulation (LFM) signals, and proves to feature the best time-frequency convergence capability. The Wigner-Hough transform (WHT) is applied to retrieve the impulsive waveforms from multi-component LFM signals, which comprise seismic phases with different arrival times. We processed the seismic data of the 40-ton CASS in the field experiment around the Xinfengjiang reservoir with the WVD and WHT methods. The results demonstrate that these methods are effective in waveform retrieval and phase identification, especially for high frequency seismic phases such as PmP and SmS with strong amplitudes in large epicenter distance of 80–120 km. Further studies are still needed to improve the accuracy on travel time estimation, so as to further promote applicability of the CASS for and imaging the seismic velocity structure. 相似文献
14.
Pb震相是近震震相中的一个重要震相.关于Pb震相典型特征的总结和分析,对指导区域台网工作人员如何识别该震相,丰富台网观测报告震相产出,提高地震定位精度和确定康拉德界面等相关研究具有重要意义.但由于识别困难,国内很少有系统进行有关Pb震相的识别和研究工作.本研究采用首都圈地区高密度台网2009-2015年记录到的369个ML≥2.5地震事件的波形资料,重新分析震相并识别出1153条Pb震相.基于震相资料,利用时频分析、多项式拟合、射线分析、最小二乘法、联合反演、理论走时计算等方法进行研究,并在结合前人研究结果的基础上,我们得出:在首都圈及邻区,在肉眼可识别时频域内的特征来看,通常容易识别的Pb的振幅或频率高频部分相对比初至Pn和Pg大或高,也有振幅变小或者频率变化不明显的情况,这可能与震源机制、台站方位、场地响应、仪器类型等方面有关.时频分析、功率谱密度和肉眼识别分析的结果表明,P波的主要能量集中在相对低频部分,Pn,Pb,Pg,PmP四种震相(本研究以后提到的震相顺序只考虑这四种震相)有很强的共性,区别在于传播路径上的不同,频率或观测记录周期上的小幅度差别.在Pg作为初至波时,Pb震相的低频主频部分与Pg震相的低频主频部分带宽差不多(受到包含Pg震相的影响),但是高频主频部分频率更高,Pb到时在Pg之后,PmP之前.Pn作为初至波时,Pn震相低频主频部分带宽比Pb宽,但是Pb高频主频部分频率相对更高,Pb在Pn之后,在Pg之前.鉴于震源深度对Pb到时顺序的影响,及其在定位结果中精确度最差的情况,在震中距约在80~140km范围内时,得考虑区域地壳厚度横向不均匀、震中距、震源深度等情况并结合波形特征,来判定Pb是否为初至震相.Pb震相在康拉德界面的平均传播速度约为7.0km·s^-1,康拉德界面平均深度约为23km.Pb射线的分布情况直接证明了康拉德界面在首都圈地区的分布是连续的.基于本研究利用Pg,Pb,Pn,PmP震相走时联合反演所得模型计算的理论走时结果和实际观测结果一致进一步证明了我们结果的可靠性. 相似文献
15.
In this work we have tried to detect and collect later phases associated with the Moho discontinuity and use them to study the lateral variations of the crustal thickness in southwest (SW) Japan. We first compute synthetic seismograms for local earthquakes taking into account the focal mechanism solutions estimated from first motion polarity data. Then we compare the synthetics with the observed waveforms to detect the major later phases in seismograms of shallow crustal earthquakes in SW Japan. Taking the advantage of the high quality and great quantity of Hi-net waveform data now available throughout the entire Japan Islands, we have detected 1659 Moho-reflected phases (PmP and SmS) from shallow events in SW Japan. We estimated the crustal thickness in the study area using travel time differences between these later phases and the first P and S arrivals. Our results show that the Moho is deep in Chubu district and becomes shallower along the coastlines of the Japan Sea and the Pacific Ocean. A thinner crust appears in Osaka Bay and Awajii Island where the 1995 Kobe earthquake (M7.2) occurred. 相似文献
16.
对黑龙江省区域数字地震台网建立以来五大连池火山区域所发生的天然地震,挑选出其中定位精度较高的85个地震,利用观测的地震波走时反演地下介质速度结构,在此基础上建立基于单层平均速度模型的五大连池火山区域走时表.试用结果表明,使用新走时表处理资料精度较J-B走时表有明显提高. 相似文献
17.
Jianshe Lei Furen Xie Congxin Lan Chengqi Xing Shizhen Ma 《Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors》2008,168(3-4):134-146
In this study a new tomographic method is applied to over 1500 high-quality PmP (Moho reflected wave) travel-time data as well as over 38,500 high-quality first P-wave arrivals to determine a detailed 3D crustal velocity structure under Beijing and adjacent areas. Results of detailed resolution analyses show that the PmP data can significantly improve the resolution of the model in the middle and lower crust. After the PmP data are included in the tomographic inversion, our new model not only displays the tectonic feature appeared in the previous studies, but also reveals some new features. The Zhangjiakou-Bohai Sea fault zone (Zhang-Bo zone) is imaged as prominent and continuous low-velocity (low-V) anomalies in the shallower crust, while in the middle and lower crust it shows intermittent low-V anomalies extending down to the uppermost mantle. Furthermore, the pattern of low-V anomalies is different along the Zhang-Bo zone from the southeast to the northwest, indicating that there exist large differences in the dynamic evolution of Taihangshan and Yanshan uplifts and North China depression basin. Prominent low-V anomalies are visible under the source area of the 4 July 2006 Wen-An earthquake (M 5.1), suggesting that the occurrence of the Wen-An earthquake is possibly related to the effect of the crustal fluids probably caused by the upwelling of the hot and wet asthenospheric materials due to the deep dehydration of the stagnant Pacific slab in the mantle transition zone. The fluids in the lower crust may cause the weakening of the seismogenic layer in the upper and middle crust and thus contribute to the initiation of the Wen-An earthquake. This is somewhat similar to the cause of the 1695 Sanhe-Pinggu earthquake and the 1976 Tangshan earthquake in the region, as well as the 1995 Kobe earthquake in Japan and the 2001 Bhuj earthquake in India. 相似文献
18.
Seismicityof the Novaya Zemlya archipelago: relocated event catalog from 1974 to 2014 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Alexey N. Morozov Vladimir E. Asming Natalya V. Vaganova Yana V. Konechnaya Yana A. Mikhaylova Zinaida A. Evtyugina 《Journal of Seismology》2017,21(6):1439-1466
We have relocated seismic events registered in the area of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, which are not identified as nuclear explosions but are probably of tectonic nature. For the relocation, we collected all available seismic bulletins and waveform data. The location was performed by applying a modified method of generalized beamforming. Verification of the modified method and selection of the travel time model were performed using data on two Novaya Zemlya nuclear explosions that occurred on 02.11.1974 and 24.10.1990. The modified method and the BARENTS travel time model provide sufficient accuracy for event location in the region. The relocation procedure was applied for 9 seismic events registered in the area of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago. As a result, the new coordinates of the five events turned out to be significantly different from those that were defined previously. 相似文献
19.
Acoustic tomography is presented as a technique for remote monitoring of meteorological quantities. This method and a special algorithm of analysis can directly produce area-averaged values of meteorological parameters. As a result consistent data will be obtained for validation of numerical atmospheric micro-scale models. Such a measuring system can complement conventional point measurements over different surfaces. The procedure of acoustic tomography uses the horizontal propagation of sound waves in the atmospheric surface layer. Therefore, to provide a general overview of sound propagation under various atmospheric conditions a two-dimensional ray-tracing model according to a modified version of Snell’s law is used. The state of the crossed atmosphere can be estimated from measurements of acoustic travel time between sources and receivers at different points. Derivation of area-averaged values of the sound speed and furthermore of air temperature results from the inversion of travel time values for all acoustic paths. Thereby, the applied straight ray two-dimensional tomographic model using SIRT (simultaneous iterative reconstruction technique) is characterised as a method with small computational requirements, satisfactory convergence and stability properties as well as simple handling, especially, during online evaluation. 相似文献
20.
Alexey Nikolaevich Morozov Natalya V. Vaganova Vladimir E. Asming Yana V. Konechnaya Zinaida A. Evtyugina 《Journal of Seismology》2018,22(5):1171-1209
We have relocated seismic events registered within the Barents and Kara sea region from early twentieth century to 1989 with a view to creating a relocated catalog. For the relocation, we collected all available seismic bulletins from the global network using data from the ISC Bulletin (International Seismological Centre), ISC-GEM project (International Seismological Centre–Global Earthquake Model), EuroSeismos project, and by Soviet seismic stations from Geophysical Survey of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The location was performed by applying a modified method of generalized beamforming. We have considered several travel time models and selected one with the best location accuracy for ground truth events. Verification of the modified method and selection of the travel time model were performed using data on four nuclear explosions that occurred in the area of the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago and in the north of the European part of Russia. The modified method and the Barents travel time model provide sufficient accuracy for event location in the region. The relocation procedure was applied to 31 of 36 seismic events registered within the Barents and Kara sea region. 相似文献