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乌鲁木齐河河谷地貌与天山第四纪抬升研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
乌鲁木齐河谷出山口分布400多米厚的沙尔巧克砾石层, 是本段天山隆升形成的磨拉石建造. 一次扩大边界的构造抬升事件使沙尔巧克砾石层堆积终止, 于其前缘发生褶皱断裂, 并开始下切. 砾石层顶部测年表明, 这一时间发生于1148 kaBP, 应该是天山对青藏高原昆-黄运动的响应. 此后是河流反复切割和堆积的阶地形成时期, 共形成9级阶地. 运用ESR和TL测年技术, 第3级阶地与后峡至二营第2级阶地堆积于氧同位素6阶段, 5, 6级阶地分别堆积于338 ka和562～591 kaBP. 同位素12阶段发生最早的高望峰冰期. 相似文献
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海南岛北西部新构造特征及其演化研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用DGPS系统测量海南岛西部阶地, 绘制地质地貌综合剖面, 将西部阶地分为海成阶地和河流阶地两种。 其中海成地貌包括一条砂堤和四级阶地: 砂堤宽2～10 m, 高程约10 m, 形成于5 ka以来; 海成一级阶地发育较好, 阶地面高程21～22 m, 形成于晚更新世至全新世之间; 海成二级阶地顶面高程约32 m左右, 形成于晚更新世晚期; 海成三级阶地较为发育, 阶地面高程40～42 m, 形成于121.8 ka; 海成四级阶地零星分布, 阶地面高程约57 m, 形成于中更新世晚期。 河流阶地也可分出四级: 一级阶地高程约20 m, 局部发育, 形成于11.4 ka; 二级阶地高程约34 m, 形成于47.2 ka; 三级阶地高约50 m, 其基座顶面标高约41 m, 形成于晚更新世早期; 四级阶地高程约71 m, 基座面标高约60 m, 形成于中更新世晚期。 这些阶地中均以二级最为发育。 晚更新世以来全区处于整体加速抬升的状态。 依据阶地面的综合剖面特征, 认为王五-文教断裂晚更新世以来的活动性较弱。 相似文献
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夷平面、古岩溶与青藏高原隆升 总被引：100，自引：5，他引：100
利用夷平面重建,查明了高原抬升前从南向北海拔约变化在500～1500m之间。用洞穴再结晶方解石测得的20个裂变径迹年代数据证明主夷平面形成时代是19～7MaBP,并得到相关沉积和热构造事件间歇时代等验证。同样,通过上述资料证明青藏高原经过3次隆起和两次夷平的论点是正确的。两次夷平后的高度均皆在500m以下,目前意义上的青藏高原起自5MaBP的最新一次抬升。在早更新世高原达到第一临界高度1500m。0.7MaBP又经过一次强烈的“昆黄运动”达到第二临界高度3000m。由此在理论上和方法上皆可对高原隆升的幅度、速度、时代做出更合理的说明。 相似文献
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宽谷及宽谷阶地的形成与流域内的构造抬升活动密切相关。文中在考察阿尔金北缘断裂东段雁丹图与长草沟宽谷的基础上 ,结合古气候资料 ,探讨了晚更新世晚期以来两地河流阶地所反映的构造抬升。雁丹图自约 16 1kaBP以来发育了 3级堆积阶地 (T1,T2 与T3) ,并出露埋藏主要宽谷。 3级阶地面年龄分别约为 16 1ka ,12 8ka ,6 2ka ,反映了 3次构造抬升的存在 ,代表了 3次构造抬升发生的时间。雁丹图自约 16 1kaBP以来的构造抬升速率约为 4 8～ 4 5mm/a ;12 8～ 6 2kaBP间的抬升速率约 6 4mm/a ;6 2kaBP以来为 3 1mm/a。长草沟在 7kaBP以来有 4级阶地发育 (T3,T2 ,T′1与T1) ,均为堆积阶地 ,并出露埋藏宽谷。其中T3与T2 出露埋藏主要宽谷 ,T′1与T1出露埋藏次要宽谷。T3,T2与T′13级阶地的阶地面年龄分别约为 7ka ,3ka,2 5ka。 4级阶地反映 2次构造抬升 ,一次在约 7kaBP ,一次在 3kaBP左右。自 7 0kaBP以来长草沟的抬升速率约为 5 9mm/a ,在 7～ 3 相似文献
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罗云山山前断裂带阶地调查研究及其构造意义 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
罗云山山前断裂带位于山西临汾盆地西侧,控制着盆地的西界.对罗云山山前断裂带8条冲沟的阶地测量资料的研究表明:该断裂带冲沟发育T1～T5五级阶地.T1 阶地拔沟3m左右,T2 阶地拔沟8～10m,T3 阶地拔沟20m左右,T4 阶地拔沟30m左右,T5 阶地拔沟40～50m.阶地测年数据及断错地貌调查表明:罗云山山前断裂带在晚第四纪以来有过多次活动.晚更新世中晚期以来阶地的抬升速率为0.41 mm/a,全新世以来抬升速率为0.75mm/a.罗云山山前断裂带冲沟阶地从晚更新世中晚期到全新世抬升速率有逐渐增大的趋势,反映该断裂带自晚第四纪以来构造抬升作用逐渐加强,这与临汾盆地从晚更新世晚期到全新世沉降速率也有增大的趋势比较一致. 相似文献
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老虎山地区的第四系以山麓洪积与山区河流阶地沉积为主，￣１４Ｃ法、ＴＬ法和扩散方程法测定的近４０个年代样品表明：Ⅰ级阶地为全新统，阶地形成年龄为４０８６±１００ａ—４５７８±６０ａ；Ⅱ级阶地为晚更新世晚期沉积，阶地形成年龄为２３Ｋａ；Ⅲ级阶地为晚更新世早中期沉积，阶地形成年龄为７２Ｋａ；Ⅳ级阶地和Ⅴ级阶地为中更新世沉积，其阶地形成年龄分别为２１７±３５Ｋａ和３７８±６０Ｋａ；早更新统仅在局部出露，可能属早更新世早期的沉积。通过与兰州九洲台黄土剖面对比，发现Ⅰ—Ⅴ级阶地的形成年龄与标准剖面中的Ｓｏ、Ｓ＿２、Ｓ＿４等层古土壤形成年龄相一致。这说明河流层状地貌的形成。除了与构造抬升有关外，还与全球冷暖交替的大气候背景有着十分密切的内在联系 相似文献
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最近14 Ma青藏高原东北缘阶段性隆升的地貌证据 总被引：33，自引：2，他引：33
对青藏高原东北缘代表性的河流阶地-风成堆积序列进行了沉积学、地貌学和年代学的综合调查研究, 获得了最近14 Ma以来高原东北缘阶段性隆升的新证据和新认识. 湟水流域西宁-互助地区至少发育了11级典型的河流阶地(除第1级阶地T1外, 全部为基座阶地). 测试了阶地上覆风成黄土-红粘土序列的1030块古地磁样品、16块释光样品和4000多个粉末样品, 结合地貌发育和地层结构分析表明, T11, T10, T8, T7, T3, T2和T1分别形成于距今约14, 11.3, 1.55, 1.2, 0.15, 0.07和0.01 Ma. 基于沉积物分析和地貌发育过程的研究证实, 这里的河流阶地以构造抬升驱动为主, 以气候变化对河流阶地发育的影响为辅. 因此, 西宁盆地的阶地序列指示了14 Ma以来高原东北缘的多次阶段性抬升, 其中, 在距今14, 11.3, 1.2和0.15 Ma的构造抬升是明显的. 青藏高原东北缘西宁-互助地区的河流在中新世数百万年时间内(T11到T9)下切不到100 m, 而在更新世1.2 Ma以来(T7以来)下切了432 m, 指示了该地区在晚新生代后期加速隆升的事实. 湟水流域在1.55~1.2 Ma之间有一次大的水系格局调整. 在此之前, 古河流流向是西偏南, 之后流向为东偏南, 这次水系调整与构造活动有关. 相似文献
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黄河中游河流阶地的对比及阶地系列形成中构造作用的多层次性分析 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
黄河在流经青藏市原东北缘海原－同以弧形构造区的过程中,发育了多达10－21组的斯座和侵蚀型阶地,其最大拔河高度为40lm,最高阶地的发育年代为1．57MaBP。通过对该区米家山、车木峡和黑山峡河口3处黄河阶地以及我国北方大范围内河流阶地的对比分析发现,河流阶地系列形成中在构造作用上具有多层次性特征,即它包含了不同范围或规模和不同级次构造隆升作用所导致的阶地。研究区的黄河阶地系列可以划分为3个层次。其中,第一层次的阶地共有6级,为我国北方大范围内同期形成的阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来青藏高原阶段性隆升的次数,其隆升幅度由西向东逐渐减小;第二层次的阶地共有5级,为海原－天景山构造区内同期发育的阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来该构造区本身自隆升的次数和幅度;第三层次阶地为发育在米家山东坡的10级不同期阶地,它们代表1．6Ma以来海原构造山地独自的抬升的次数和幅度。阶地发育时间与黄土－古土壤序列的对比还表明,反映青藏高原大范围构造隆升的第一层次阶地与气候变化之间有很好的可对比性,其形成年代均与相应古土壤发育时间的间冰期对应,暗示导致河流下切的在范围构造抬升与强干冷期后同样可导致河流下切的气候暖湿期紧密相关,它们共同组成了构造－气候旋回。第二层次和第三层次阶地的形成时间与气候变化之间无统一特定的关系,显示它们的形成更主要的受控于天景山块体和海原构造带的隆升作用。因此,研究区的河流阶地主要可分为2种成因类型。一种是在大范围构造抬升和气候变化联合作用下形成的构造－气候旋回阶地,此类阶地分布范围广,具有区域间的可对比性;另一种是以局部构造抬升为主导因素形成的脉动式构造旋回阶地,此类阶地的分布受 控于活动构造带,在构造区带内自成体系,不具有区域间的可对比性。 相似文献
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对流经阿尔金断裂带东段的段家沙河、疏勒河和踏实河的阶地沉积物进行了细颗粒多测片红外释光(IRSL)测年,初步确定了晚第四纪各级阶地的形成年代和构造抬升速率。疏勒河在昌马盆地南缘发育7级阶地,光释光测年结果显示这些总高度超过100m的阶地可能主要形成于数万年以内,抬升速率约为2.5mm/a;照壁山峡谷疏勒河保留有5级阶地,大致形成于20万年前,阶地的抬升速率约为0.7mm/a;段家沙河在红柳峡上形成4级阶地,形成于距今7万年以来,其抬升速率约为06mm/a 相似文献
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THE LATE QUATERNARY TECTONIC DEFORMATION REVEALED BY THE TERRACES ON THE BAIYANG RIVER IN THE NORTHERN QILIAN MOUNTAINS 
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下载免费PDF全文 The Qilian Mountains, as a major orogenic belt in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, is the forefront of the expansion of the plateau to the northeast, where thrusts and folds dominate tectonic deformation. The Baiyang River starts from the inner Qilian Mountains, flowing northward across various structures, and finally into the Jiuxi Basin. This work focused on exhaustive investigations to the terraces on this river to characterize the Late Quaternary tectonic deformation in this region. The results show that (1)these river terraces on the Baiyang River are segmented, of which multiple levels developed at steep terrains and anticlines in the basin. Bounded by the Niutou Mountains, mainly 2-3 and 4-5 levels of terraces formed in the upper and lower reaches, respectively. (2)The longitudinal profiles along the river suggest a vertical motion rate of the Changma fault as (0.32±0.09)mm/a and crustal shortening rate (0.12±0.09)mm/a. There was no vertical activity since the formation of T5 surface (13ka)on the Hanxia-Dahuanggou fault. At the terrace T5 (9ka)on the Laojunmiao anticline, fold uplift amounts (6.55±0.5)m and shortening amounts (3.47±0.5)m, yielding uplift and shortening rates (1.23±0.81)mm/a and (0.67±0.44)mm/a, respectively. The Baiyang River anticline began to be active about 300ka with uplift and shortening rates (0.21±0.02)mm/a and (0.14±0.03)mm/a, respectively since 170ka. (3)In the Qilian Mountains, there were two different deformation characteristics in response to the expansion of the Tibetan plateau. Shear deformation dominates the inner Qilian Mountains, which is manifested as lateral extrusion of blocks. In the northern margin of Qilian Mountains and Jiuxi Basin, the deformation is dominated by compression, expressing crustal shortening and uplift, and the shortening within the basin accounts about half of the total deformation. 相似文献
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位于龙门山逆冲推覆构造带东侧的龙泉山背斜,构成了四川前陆盆地的前陆隆起。通过室内航空相片对凯江跨背斜段的地貌面的解译,结合野外考察可知凯江发育3级阶地,其中T1、T2为堆积阶地,T3为基座阶地。在野外用差分GPS测量了阶地的空间坐标信息,同时采集了各级阶地堆积物的测年样本,并经实验分析约束了阶地的形成年龄。另外,对石油地震剖面解译揭示出龙泉山背斜北段地壳缩短和隆升主要是通过褶皱膝折带迁移机制进行的,滑脱层的深度约6km。利用面积守恒准则计算出龙泉山背斜晚更新世以来的地壳缩短速率约为(1.36±0.41)mm/a、隆升速率为(0.64±0.19)mm/a。通过滑脱层的推覆抬升机制形成的龙泉山背斜,给青藏高原东缘变形模式中的逆断层推覆地壳缩短造山增加了证据。 相似文献
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Ya Liu Xianyan Wang Qi Su Shuangwen Yi Xiaodong Miao Yiquan Li Huayu Lu 《地球表面变化过程与地形》2021,46(14):2788-2806
Upstream knickpoint propagation is an essential mechanism for channel erosion, carrying changes in base level, tectonics and climate across the landscape. Generally, the terraces on cross-sections at steady-state conditions have been widely reported. However, many landscapes in the field appear to be in a transient state. Here, we explore the mechanism of knickpoint initiation and fluvial evolution in a transient setting in the northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Analysis of channel profiles and terrace correlation indicates that the Yellow River is adjusted to match the increase in differentiated fault activity and climate change in a regional setting of continuous uplift. Consequently, a series of terraces were formed, and the number of terrace steps increased downstream, in the headwaters of the Yellow River. All terraces were dated using the optically stimulated luminescence method. The top terrace, distributed continuously in the whole basin with a gradient, was deposited during a cold period and abandoned at the climatic transition from cold to warm state, at approximately 14.6–9.5 ka. After that, one terrace formed at around 4.2 ka in the upper reach. In correlation with the continuous topographic gradient surface of this terrace, three terrace steps were formed in the down reach during the period from 9.5 ka to 4.2 ka. This phenomenon might indicate multiple phases of continuous headward migration of fluvial knickpoint waves and terrace formation during the downcutting. It was caused by fault activity and tectonic uplift of the gorge at the outlet of the basin, under influence of the gradual integration of the Yellow River from downstream. This phenomenon shows that the fluvial incision in a transient state along the high relief margin of the orogenic plateau can be caused by fault activity, in addition to widespread surface uplift, climatically driven lake spillover and the establishment of external drainage. 相似文献
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M. Teresa Ram��rez-Herrera Vladimir Kostoglodov Jaime Urrutia-Fucugauchi 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(8-9):1415-1433
Holocene and Pleistocene tectonic deformation of the coast in the Mexico subudction margin is recorded by geomorphic and stratigraphic markers. We document the spatial and temporal variability of active deformation on the coastal Mexican subduction margin. Pleistocene uplift rates are estimated using wave-cut platforms at ca. 0.7?C0.9?m/ka on the Jalisco block coast, Rivera-North America tectonic plate boundary. We examine reported measurements from marine notches and shoreline angle elevations in conjunction with their radiocarbon ages that indicate surface uplift rates increasing during the Holocene up to ca. 3?±?0.5?m/ka. In contrast, steady rates of uplift (ca. 0.5?C1.0?m/ka) in the Pleistocene and Holocene characterize the Michoacan coastal sector, south of El Gordo graben and north of the Orozco Fracture Zone (OFZ), incorporated within the Cocos-North America plate boundary. Significantly higher rates of surface uplift (ca. 7?m/ka) across the OFZ subduction may reflect the roughness of subducting plate. Absence of preserved marine terraces on the coastal sector across El Gordo graben likely reflects slow uplift or coastal subsidence. Stratigraphic markers and their radiocarbon ages show late Holocene (ca. last 6?ka bp) coastal subsidence on the Guerrero gap sector in agreement with a landscape barren of marine terraces and with archeological evidence of coastal subsidence. Temporal and spatial variability in recent deformation rates on the Mexican Pacific coast may be due to differences in tectonic regimes and to localized processes related to subduction, such as crustal faults, subduction erosion and underplating of subducted materials under the southern Mexico continental margin. 相似文献
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The Dengdengshan and Chijiaciwo faults situate in the northeast flank of Kuantanshan uplift at the eastern terminal of Altyn Tagh fault zone, striking northwest as a whole and extending 19 kilometers and 6.5 kilometers for the Dengdengshan and Chijiaciwo Fault, respectively. Based on satellite image interpretation, trenching, faulted geomorphology surveying and samples dating etc., we researched the new active characteristics of the faults. Three-levels of geomorphic surfaces, i.e. the erosion rock platform, terrace I and terrace Ⅱ, could be found in the northeast side of Kuantanshan Mountain. The Dengdengshan Fault dislocated all geomorphic surfaces except terrace I, and the general height of scarp is about 1.5 meters, with the maximum reaching 2.6 meters. Three paleoseismic events are determined since late Pleistocene through trenching, and the total displacement of three events is about 2.7 meters, the average vertical dislocation of each event changed from 0.5 to 1.2 meters. By collecting age samples and dating, the event Ⅰ occurred about 5ka BP, event Ⅱ occurred about 20ka BP, and event Ⅲ occurred about 35ka BP. The recurrence interval is about 15ka BP; and the vertical slip rate since the late Pleistocene is about 0.04mm/a.
The Chijiaciwo Fault, however, dislocated all three geomorphic surfaces, and the general scarp height is about 2.0 meters with the maximum up to 4.0 meters. Three paleoseismic events are determined since late Pleistocene through trenching, and the total displacement of three events is about 3.25 meters, the average vertical dislocation of each event changed from 0.75 to 1.5 meters, and the vertical slip rate since the late Pleistocene is about 0.06mm/a. Although the age constraint of paleoearthquakes on Chijiaciwo Fault is not as good as that of Dengdengshan Fault, the latest event on Chijiaciwo Fault is later than Dengdengshan Fault's. Furthermore, we infer that the recurrence interval of Chijiaciwo Fault is 15ka BP, which is close to that of Dengdengshan Fault.
The latest event on Chijiaciwo Fault is later than the Dengdengshan Fault's, and the vertical displacement and the slip rate of a single event in late Quaternary are both larger than that of Dengdengshan Fault. Additionally, a 5-kilometer-long discontinuity segment exists between these two faults and is covered by Quaternary alluvial sand gravel. All these indicate that the activity of the Chijiaciwo Fault and Dengdengshan Fault has obvious segmentation feature.
The size of Chijiaciwo Fault and Dengdengshan Fault are small, and the vertical slip rate of 0.04~0.06mm/a is far smaller than that of Qilianshan Fault and the NW-striking faults in Jiuxi Basin. All these indeicate that the tectonic deformation of this region is mainly concentrated on Hexi Corrider and the interior of Tibet Plateau, while the activties of Chijiaciwo and Dengdengshan faults are characterized by slow slip rate, long recurrence interval(more than 10ka)and slow tectonic deformation. 相似文献
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THE SLIP RATE AND PALEOEARTHQUAKES OF THE YUMEN FAULT IN THE NORTHERN QILIAN MOUNTAINS SINCE THE LATE PLEISTOCENE 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LI An WANG Xiao-xian ZHANG Shi-min CHEN Zhi-dan LIU Rui ZHAO Jun-xiang L&# Yan-wu 《地震地质》2016,38(4):897-910
The Yumen Fault lies on the west segment of the north Qilian Fault belt and adjacent to the Altyn-Tagh Fault,in the north margin of the Tibet Plateau.The tectonic location of the Yumen fault is special,and the fault is the evidence of recent activity of the northward growth of Tibetan plateau.In recent twenty years,many researches show the activity of the Yumen Fault became stronger from the early Pleistocene to the Holocene.Because the Yumen Fault is a new active fault and fold belt in the Qilian orogenic belt in the north margin of the Tibet Plateau,it is important to ascertain its slip rate and the recurrence interval of paleoearthquakes since the Late Pleistocene.Using the satellite image interpretation of the Beida river terrace,the GPS measurement of alluvial fans in front of the Yumen Fault and the trench excavation on the fault scarps,two conclusions are obtained in this paper.(1) The vertical slip rate of the Yumen Fault is about 0.41~0.48mm/a in the Holocene and about 0.24~0.30mm/a in the last stage of the late Pleistocene.(2) Since the Holocene epoch,four paleoearthquakes,which happened respectively in 6.12~10.53ka,3.6~5.38ka,1.64~1.93ka and 0.63~1.64ka,ruptured the surface scarps of the Yumen Fault.Overall,the recurrence interval of the paleoseismic events shortens gradually and the activity of the Yumen Fault becomes stronger since the Holocene.Anther characteristic is that every paleoearthquake probably ruptured multiple fault scarps at the same time. 相似文献