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晴空卫星红外模拟资料反演大气温度廓线的研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
HIRS／3资料的反演是一个典型的非适定问题,而奇异值分解法（SVD）是一种解病态线性代数方程组的有效方法,它在遇到矩阵的不适定问题时依然可以保持其数值稳定性并能尽量多地利用各探测通道的有效信息。将SVD方法应用于卫星资料的温度反演问题中可以将资料空间和参数空间分型,从中提取有效信息来反演大气温度廓线。通过理想资料试验,分析了温度廓线初猜值、水汽廓线误差等因素对温度反演结果的影响。结果表明：对HIRS／3资料来说,用SVD法反演大气温度廓线时只能截取一定的阶数,以取4～7为宜;温度廓线初猜值的选取对反演结果的影响较大,当模式层的中层误差较大时得到的反演结果最稳定;水汽廓线的扰动对中低层的温度反演结果和第5,8,10,11和16通道的亮温值有较大影响。 相似文献
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黑河下游土壤和地下水盐分特征分析 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
根据405个土壤样品和101个水样,分析了黑河下游土壤盐分分布规律以及与地形地貌部位、地下水水化学的关系.结果表明:额济纳三角洲地区的土壤具有质地粗、含盐量高、盐分表聚性强的特征,该地区呈现盐碱化和沙漠化严重、可利用土地资源骤减、生态环境恶化的状况.在所有剖面上盐分的分布呈现漏斗型分布,土壤中盐分随地形变化较为复杂,但与地下水化学变化相一致.地下水矿化度普遍比较高,大多数地区的矿化度在800~3000 mg·L-1之间变化;水化学类型主要有HCO3·SO4-Na、Cl·SO4-Na(Ca)、HCO3·Cl-Na(Ca)SO4·Cl-Na和SO4·Cl-Na(Ca-Mg).地下水矿化度的高低与补给源的距离远近密切相关,在河岸附近的矿化度变化幅度较小;在远离河道地区,随离岸距离的增减而升降,体现了矿化度的高低主要依赖于上游补给水量变化. 相似文献
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黑河下游绿洲地表辐射平衡及小气候特征分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用额济纳绿洲2004年5~10月微气象站观测资料,分析了该地区地表能量平衡及小气候特征.结果表明:在绿洲内太阳总辐射、光合有效辐射、净辐射有明显的季节变化及日变化,日峰值及月总量在7月份达到最高.地表能量平衡季节变化显著,5、8、9、10月份,地面能量交换基本以感热通量为主,Bowen比值在日间>4;6、7月份,潜热蒸发是能量平衡的主要部分,Bowen比基本<1.5~10月土壤热通量值始终较小,约占净辐射的15%~20%.绿洲内近地层风速基本在0~5 m·s-1之间,夜间风速变化很小,日间风速较大.随着土壤深度的增加,土壤温度变化趋势越来越缓慢,地表温度波动变化最大,而在40 cm深处土壤温度日变化很小. 相似文献
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利用实测重力垂直梯度反演长白山地区一剖面的深部构造 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
针对重力梯度高分辨率的特点,利用在长白山地区实测的重力垂直梯度数据,采用梯度空间参量图反演其深部构造。台阶模型试验表明: 重力梯度空间参量图能给出构造倾角和倾面的信息,结合重力梯度剖面和梯度空间参量图可以构建出地下构造的几何模型,进而对一些复杂构造进行解释。通过对比实测布格重力异常和实测重力梯度异常,重力梯度比重力异常的分辨率更高; 将梯度法应用到实测重力梯度数据的处理中,结果表明: 该方法对确定密度变化界面的水平位置和深度具有非常好的效果。 相似文献
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The Huya Fault, located in the steep topographic boundary of the Minshan Mountains in the eastern margin of the Tibetan plateau, has documented many major earthquakes such as the 1630(M=6 3/4), 1973 Huanglong(MS=6.5) and the 1976 Songpan-Pingwu earthquake swarm(MS=7.2, 6.7, 7.2). While its activity remains unclear because of lacking Quaternary sediments. In the past few decades, there have been significant advances in understanding the relationship between bedrock channel landscapes and active tectonics, indicating that the bedrock fluvial features can well record the tectonic activity. Many studies reveal that tectonism is the primary factor of landscape evolution in tectonically active regions, and the erosional landscapes can be used to reveal tectonic signals on timescales of 103~106 years. The Huya Fault crosses the Fujiang drainage basin, making it suitable for the study of bedrock rivers and tectonic uplift in the eastern margin of Minshan. In this study, we calculate the geomorphologic indeices(hillslope, local relief, normalized steepness indices and hypsometric integral) on the basis of the digital elevation model(DEM) SRTM-1. For better understanding the tectonic activity along this fault, we derive some small catchments on the two sides of the Huya fault to analyze the differences of average steepness indices and hypsometric integral. Combining with field observations, lithology, precipitation and modern erosion rates, this study suggests that tectonic activity is the controlling factor of geomorphology in the eastern margin of the Minshan Mountains. We use focal mechanism solutions, GPS data and geomorphic evidence to explore the relationship between the geomorphologic indices of the Fujiang drainage and activity characteristics of the Huya fault. Our results suggest that:(1) The Fujiang drainage basin is in a steady state. The characteristics of the knickpoints indicate that they are mainly controlled by the locally resistant substrate. (2) The suggested value of the geomorphologic index on the west side of the Huya fault is generally larger than on the east side, showing differential tectonic uplift rates across the fault. (3) The difference of the geomorphologic index of the small catchments on both sides of the Huya fault is gradually increasing from north to south along this fault, in accordance with that the north and south segments of the Huya fault are dominated by strike-and reverse-slip, respectively. 相似文献
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LATE QUATERNARY PALEOEARTHQUAKES ON THE MIDDLE SEGMENT OF THE LIJIANG-XIAOJINHE FAULT,SOUTHEASTERN TIBET 
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下载免费PDF全文 More attention has been paid to the late Quaternary activity of the boundary fault of the Sichuan-Yunnan block in eastern Tibet. The Lijiang-Xiaojinhe Fault (LXF) locates along the boundary of the northwest Sichuan and central Yunnan sub-blocks in the Sichuan-Yunnan block. Clear displaced landforms show that the fault has undergone strong late-Quaternary activity. However there is no surface-rupturing earthquake occurring on the LXF in the historical record. The LXF crosses the city of Lijiang, one of the most important tourist cities in Southwest China. The rupture behavior on this fault remains unclear and it is hard to assess its seismic hazard in the future. In this study, on the base of the interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, we chose the middle segment of the LXF and dug three trenches at Muzhuda, Hongxing, and Gantangzi sites to constrain the ages of paleoearthquakes combined with radiocarbon dating and OxCal modeling. The Muzhuda trench shows that at least three events occurred on the middle segment of the LXF at 7 940~6 540a BP, 4 740~4 050a BP and 1 830~420a BP, respectively. The Hongxing trench indicates that the LXF underwent two events at 5 120~3 200a BP and 2 100~1 220a BP. The Gantangzi trench reveals at least three paleoearthquakes at 44 980~17 660a BP, 7 210~3 810a BP and 2 540~1 540a BP, respectively. The events in the Gantangzi trench might be incomplete because of stratigraphic gap. These three trenches indicate that three events occurred on the middle segment of the LXF in the Holocene at 7 940~7 210a BP, 4 740~4 050a BP and 1 830~1 540a BP, respectively. Large earthquakes on the middle segment of the LXF appear to fit the quasi-periodic model with the mean recurrence interval of~3 000a and the estimated magnitude 7.5. Given the strong late-Quaternary activity of the middle segment of the LXF and a long elapsed time, we propose that the middle segment of the LXF might have a high seismic hazard potential in the near future. 相似文献
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A numerical simulation and an experimental study on vortex-induced motion (VIM) of a new type of deep draft multi-columns floating drilling production, storage and offloading (FDPSO) are presented in this paper. The main dimension, the special variable cross-section column and the cabin arrangement of the octagonal pontoon are introduced based on the result. The numerical simulation is adapted to study the effects of current incidence angles and reduced velocities on this platform''s sway motion response. The 300 m water depth equivalent truncated mooring system is adopted for the model tests. The model tests are carried out to check the reliability of numerical simulation. The results consist of surge, sway and yaw motions, as well as motion trajectories. The maximum sway amplitudes for different types of offshore platform is also studied. The main results show that the peak frequencies of sway motion under different current incidence angles and reduced velocities vary around the natural frequency. The analysis result of flow field indicates that the change of distribution of vortex in vertical presents significant influences on the VIM of platform. The trend of sway amplitude ratio curve of this new type FDPSO differs from the other types of platform. Under 45° current incidence angle, the sway amplitude of this new type of FDPSO is much smaller than those of other types of offshore platform at 4.4 ≤ Vr ≤ 8.9. The typical ‘8’ shape trajectory does not appear in the platform''s motion trajectories. 相似文献