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1.
计算和研究了1976年云南龙陵Ms73、Ms74双主震产生的完全库仑破裂应力变化及其对后续震群序列的动态和静态应力触发作用.结果显示，龙陵第2主震受到了第1主震的动态和静态库仑破裂应力的触发作用.龙陵双主震的13个后续强余震中，发生在龙陵三角形块体内部的强余震，90%都受到了第1或第2主震的动态库仑破裂应力触发或静态库仑破裂应力触发作用，发生在三角形块体外部的强余震，2/3受到了第2主震的动态库仑破裂应力触发作用.从触发作用的强度和范围上看，第2主震的动态和静态库仑破裂应力触发作用都大于第1主震.就近场而言，受到龙陵双主震的动态和静态库仑破裂应力触发作用的余震数目相当，但动态库仑破裂应力的触发作用范围大于静态库仑破裂应力. 相似文献
2.
2019年10月12日广西北流与广东化州交界发生5.2级地震,地震发生前2 s,其北西侧发生4.2级前震。根据地震周边47个台站记录到的P波及S波震相走时数据,利用双差地震定位方法获取了104个地震的精定位结果 ,结合4.2级前震的震源机制解及5.2级主震的"中心震源机制解"进行研究探讨,综合分析认为NW-SE向米场—石窝断裂可能是北流4.2级前震和5.2级主震的主要发震构造,前震孕震过程有NEESWW向茶山断裂的参与。而5.2级主震位于米场—石窝断裂与NE-SW向信宜—廉江断裂交汇处,该交汇处应力薄弱且距离前震仅1km左右,推测4.2级前震的发生可能对5.2级地震具有触发作用,5.2级地震发生后余震主要沿米场—石窝断裂的延伸线分布。 相似文献
3.
2000年1月15日姚安6.5级地震较强余震的应力触发 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
20 0 0年 1月 15日在云南省姚安县发生了MS6 5级地震 ,震后发生了 7次M≥ 4 0级的较强余震。本文计算了姚安MS6 5级主震后 ,主震和前震在 7次强余震破裂面上诱发的库仑破裂应力变化 (ΔCFS)。结果表明 ,有5次较强余震发生在库仑破裂应力增加 (ΔCFS >0 )的地区 ,增加的范围为 10 -2 ～ 10 -1MPa。并对结果的可靠性进行了检验 ,发现在前震和主震的破裂面长宽度和位错量估计值分别取上下限的 16种组合情况下 ,5次较强余震破裂面上的库仑破裂应力变化都为正 ,只是数值在 10 -3 ～ 10 -1MPa之间变化 ,而另 2次较强余震破裂面上的库仑破裂应力变化正负值发生变化。结果表明 ,主震和前震位错产生的库仑破裂应力变化是姚安MS6 5级地震较强余震活动的重要原因。 相似文献
4.
选取IRIS远震台站波形数据，反演了云南漾濞MS6.4地震震源破裂过程，计算了断层破裂在近场产生的动态库仑破裂应力变化，并讨论了主震对近场余震活动的动态应力触发作用。结果显示:动态库仑应力演化过程与震源破裂特征反演结果一致，其大小分布与地震序列分布的疏密程度也具有较好的相关性。主震产生的静态和动态库仑破裂应力均促进余震的发生，但相比静态应力，余震位于库仑破裂应力正值区域的比例提高了21%，余震与动态库仑应力变化的正负区域有更好的一致性，动态应力能更好地解释震后余震分布的空间特征。垂直于地震序列主干10 km处出现小震丛集，该现象可能是由主震产生的动态库仑破裂应力占主导作用所致。定量分析主震对余震的动态应力触发结果显示，主震后一周内MS4.0以上的8次余震接收点均受到了动态库仑破裂应力的触发作用。 相似文献
5.
2010年4月14日玉树MS7.1地震对余震的触发研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究了2010年4月14日青海玉树7.1级地震产生的静态库仑破裂应力变化对余震及区域地震活动空间分布的影响.在考虑震源区附近区域构造应力场的基础上,由震源区构造应力和主震破裂产生的应力叠加,计算得到最容易破裂的余震断层面,进而计算玉树主震在上述余震断层面上产生的库仑破裂静态应力变化.结果表明,库仑应力变化图像与余震分布较为吻合,说明玉树主震对大部分余震有触发作用.利用相同方法计算了玉树主震对周边更大范围内地震的应力触发影响,发现大部分区域地震活动空间分布与库仑应力变化图像基本一致,中小地震大多发生在正向触发区域,但量值较小.对余震断层面与主震完全一致的情形进行了同样的计算,与前述方法计算结果的对比显示,考虑区域应力场的计算方式所得库仑破裂应力变化图像,能够更好地与余震及区域中小地震空间分布图像相吻合. 相似文献
6.
为深度剖析2021年云南漾濞MS6.4地震对周围断层的影响以及地震序列间的静态库仑应力影响关系,文章基于主震的破裂模型和Okada给出位移对空间偏导数的解析式,首先计算了主震在周围断层上产生的静态库仑破裂应力,结果表明维西—乔后断裂带中段、澜沧江断裂带北端、红河断裂带北端以及怒江断裂带中段库仑应力均有千帕量级的增加。其次,计算了此次地震对周围地区产生的水平应力场及位移场,发现震中东西两侧物质向外流出,南北两侧向震中汇聚;震中南北两侧沉降,东西两侧隆升;产生的应力场呈EW向挤压,NS向拉张,在一定程度上抵消了该区域背景构造应力场。最后计算了前震-主震-余震序列间的静态库仑应力影响,结果表明前震产生的静态库仑应力促进了主震的发生;在2 km、13 km和18.5 km深度附近,触发的余震(前震和主震产生的库仑应力变化为正)比例很高,但在7 km深度处(同震破裂模型中滑移量最大)大部分余震分布在库仑应力负值区(应力影区),考虑到该深度余震与主震震源机制相差较大,因此通过模拟最易错动的断层面作为余震接受断层面,从而计算出最大静态库仑破裂应力,发现应力影区的余震仍有被触发的... 相似文献
7.
1989年到1999年,大同—阳高地区发生了一系列MS≥5的中强地震.本文基于前人对1989年三次MS≥5地震的震源机制反演的结果,通过建立不同断层模型,利用库仑应力方法,计算前震对于主震,以及前震和主震对于余震的库仑应力触发关系,提出了一种可能的破裂模型,即1989年前震沿北西西方向发生左旋破裂,之后主震和余震沿北北东方向发生右旋破裂.根据这种破裂模式计算得出,前震发生后,主震震源处的库仑应力增加了约2×105 Pa,余震震源处的库仑应力出现下降;主震发生后,余震处的库仑应力出现回升,最后余震处的库仑应力几乎没有变化.基于大同地震台网的近场观测数据,用JHD(Joint Hypocentral determination)定位方法,对1999年11月1日MS=5.6地震后一个月的余震进行重定位,得到一条走向118°,倾角85°的左旋走滑断层,余震的深度分布在5km至20km范围内,显示该断层是隐伏断层.另外提出对主震震中位置约10km的修正.本文对1989年三次MS≥5地震序列和1999年MS=5.6地震余震空间分布的研究揭示该地区存在两条活跃的共轭隐伏走滑断层(1989年主震的北北东方向和1999年地震的北西西方向),并且推断已知的大王村断裂和团堡断裂是地下这两条共轭的隐伏走滑断层构造/地震活动在地表的响应. 相似文献
8.
在离散波数法基础上计算2008年3月21日新疆于田MS7.3地震造成的近场区域完全库仑应力变化, 分析该变化对余震发生所产生的影响, 得到了此次地震在2008年10月5日乌恰MS6.8地震震中处所产生的动态库仑破裂应力变化. 计算结果表明, 该地震近场区域库仑应力变化图像演化大概持续了60 s, 库仑应力变化对余震的触发率达到90%以上, 其中动态库仑应力变化图像更好地解释了余震的分布. 余震震中处的完全库仑应力变化计算结果表明, 其动态库仑应力变化远远大于静态库仑应力变化. 于田MS7.3地震在乌恰MS6.8地震震中处造成的最大动态库仑应力变化为0.12 MPa, 说明后者可能受到了于田MS7.3地震的动态应力触发作用, 但不显著;而静态库仑应力则对其影响很小. 相似文献
9.
本文采用离散波数法,计算了2014年于田MS7.3地震的断层破裂在近场和远场产生的库仑破裂应力变化,并结合地震活动特征,讨论了MS7.3地震对后续余震活动和远场区域小震活动的动态应力触发作用.结果表明, ① MS7.3地震产生的库仑破裂应力变化对其西南侧主体余震区的地震活动起到了抑制作用,这可能是本次MS7.3地震序列余震活动水平不高的主要原因;距主震约30 km的北东方向余震区后续地震活动受到了主震产生的动态和静态应力变化的共同触发作用,动态应力变化峰值为2.78 MPa,静态应力变化为0.80 MPa,这与该区余震较为活跃相一致;距主震约45 km的北部余震区受到动态应力触发作用,应力变化峰值为0.72 MPa. ② MS7.3地震产生的动态库仑应力变化空间分布呈非对称性,其中北东方向、北部余震分布与动态应力变化正值区存在相关性,从应力变化的角度解释了MS7.3地震的后续余震空间活动特征. ③ MS7.3地震在沙雅、伽师地区的远场接收点产生的动态应力变化峰值分别为0.09 MPa、0.1 MPa,对两个区域的小震活动具有动态触发作用. 相似文献
10.
采用Okada（1992）计算地震产生的静态应变场的解析表达式，对云南禄劝地震的15次余震，计算了主震在余震节面上产生的正应力和静态库仑破裂应力。分析了正应力和静态库仑破裂应力是否对余震有触发作用。结果表明，主震产生的正应力和库仑破裂应力变化并没有明显的证据“有利于”余震的发生。另外，还比较了运用与主震相同的余震机制和反演得到的余震机制在库仑破裂模型中计算结果的差异。使用反演的余震机制得出的结果稍优于假定余震与主震有相同震源机制得到的结果。 相似文献
11.
The earthquake stress-drop values of two sequences were accurately calculated after taking away the effects due to regional earthquake anelastic attenuation and station site response, using waveform data and seismic phase data of sequences of the Jinggu MS6.6, and Ludian MS6.5 earthquakes in Yunnan. These results show that the stress drop with magnitude increases within the scope of this study of magnitude. After eliminating the influence of the magnitude, the average value of stress-drop in the Jinggu sequence is higher than that of the Ludian sequence at the same magnitude range. This may be related to the stress state in different regions. In terms of the changes of time and space of stress-drop, before MS5.8 strong aftershock, the stress-drop is "slowing down-turning up-keeping a high value" after the mainshock, meanwhile, almost all of the abnormally high stress drop value is distributed around the MS5.8 strong aftershock, showing that the stress environment in the region was increasing after the mainshock. And after the MS5.9 strong aftershock, stress-drop rapidly declines to a relatively stable state, meanwhile, the high value of stress-drop is distributed around the strong aftershock, showing that the regional tectonic stress gets more fully release, its stress environment begins to rapidly decrease. For the Ludian sequence without a strong aftershock occurring, the average value of stress drop is lower than that of the Jinggu earthquake sequence at the same magnitude range, while at the same time, the stress-drop of the aftershock sequence almost hasn''t changed much. In the time after the mainshock, combined with the release characteristics of the main energy, the stress in the region is excessively released, the subsequent stress in the region gradually returns to normal. This may be the reason why the activity of Ludian aftershocks significantly was weaker and subsequently there were no strong aftershocks occurred. 相似文献
12.
Using the match-and-locate method to characterize foreshocks of the July 2019 MW6.4 Ridgecrest,California earthquake 
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下载免费PDF全文 The July 2019 MW6.4 Ridgecrest, California earthquake and its distinct foreshocks were well recorded by local and regional stations, providing a great opportunity to characterize its foreshocks and investigate the nucleation mechanisms of the mainshock. In this study, we utilized the match-and-locate (M&L) method to build a high-precision foreshock catalog for this MW6.4 earthquake. Compared with the sequential location methods (matched-filter + cross-correlation-based hypoDD), our new catalog contains more events with higher location accuracy. The MW6.4 mainshock was preceded by 40 foreshocks within ～2 h (on July 4, 2019 from 15:35:29 to 17:32:52, UTC). Their spatiotemporal distribution revealed a complex seismogenic structure consisting of multiple fault strands, which were connected as a throughgoing fault by later foreshocks and eventually accommodated the 2019 MW6.4 mainshock. To better understand the nucleation mechanism, we determined the rupture dimension of the largest ML4.0 foreshock by calculating its initial rupture and centroid points using the M&L method. By estimating Coulomb stress change we suggested that the majority of foreshocks following the ML4.0 event and MW6.4 mainshock occurred within regions of increasing Coulomb stress, indicating that they were triggered by stress transfer. The nucleation process before the ML4.0 event remains unclear due to the insufficient sampling rate of waveforms and small magnitude of events. Thus, our study demonstrates that the M&L method has superior detection and location ability, showing potential for studies that require high-precision location (e.g., earthquake nucleation). 相似文献
13.
Based on the seismic phase reports of the Yangbi area from January 1 to June 25, 2021, and the waveform data of M ≥ 4 earthquakes, we obtained the relocation results and focal mechanism solutions of the MS6.4 Yangbi earthquake sequence using the HypoDD and CAP methods. Based on our results, our main conclusions are as follows: (1) the MS6.4 Yangbi earthquake sequence is a typical foreshock-mainshock-aftershock sequence. The foreshocks of the first two stages have the obvious fronts of migration and their migration rate increased gradually. There was no apparent front of migration during the third stage, and the occurrence of the mainshock was related to stress triggering from a M5.3 foreshock. We tentatively speculate that the rupture pattern of the Yangbi earthquake sequence conforms to the cascading-rupture model; and (2) the main fault of the MS6.4 Yangbi earthquake sequence is a NW-trending right-lateral strike-slip fault. As time progressed, a minor conjugate aftershock belt formed at the northwest end of this fault, and a dendritic branching structure emerged in the southern fault segment, showing a complex seismogenic fault structure. We suggested that the fault of the Yangbi earthquake sequence may be a young sub-fault of the Weixi-Weishan fault. 相似文献
14.
On 22 April 1983, a very large area of Thailand and part of Burma were strongly shaken by a rare earthquake (m
b=5.8,M
s=5.9). The epicenter was located at the Srinagarind reservoir about 190 km northwest of Bangkok, a relatively stable continental region that experienced little previous seismicity. The main shock was preceded by some foreshocks and followed by numerous aftershocks. The largest foreshock ofm
b=5.2 occurred 1 week before the main shock, and the largest aftershock ofm
b=5.3 took place about 3 hours after the main shock. Focal mechanisms of the three largest events in this earthquake sequence have been studied by other seismologists using firts-motion data. However, the solutions for the main shock and the largest aftershock showed significant inconsistency with known surface geology and regional tectonics. We reexamined the mechanisms of these three events by using teleseismicP-andS-waveforms and through careful readings ofP-wave first motions. The directions of theP axes in our study range from NNW-SSE to NNE-SSW, and nodal planes strike in the NW-SE to about E-W in agreement with regional tectonics and surface geology. The main shock mechanism strikes 255°, dips 48°, and slips 63.5°. The fault motions during the main shock and the foreshock are mainly thrust, while the largest aftershock has a large strike-slip component. The seismic moment and the stress drop of the mainshock are determined to be 3.86×1024 dyne-cm and 180 bars, respectively. The occurrence of these thrust events appears to correlate with the unloading of the Srinagarind reservoir. The focal depths of the largest foreshock, the main shock, and the largest aftershock are determined to be 5.4 km, 8 km, and 22.7 km, respectively, from waveform modeling and relative location showing a downward migration of hypocenters of the three largest events during the earthquake sequence. Other characteristics of this reservoir-induced earthquake sequence are also discussed. 相似文献
15.
2014年2月12日新疆于田MW7.0地震源区位于巴颜喀拉块体与西昆仑块体的连接部位,东西向拉张构造发育,距离2008年3月21日于田MW7.1地震震中位置约100 km.根据有限断层地震破裂过程模型,计算了2008年新疆于田地震产生的静态库仑应力变化.此次地震的断层面呈北偏东方向,在断层两端出现3个应力加载区,2014年于田主震位于破裂前端的库仑应力加载区.这一结果表明,2008年于田地震可能对2014年地震事件起到了触发作用.2008和2014年新疆于田地震产生的静态库仑应力变化与余震事件的空间分布具有明显的相关性,大多数余震位于应力加载区,发生在卸载区的余震较少.静态库仑应力变化与余震序列吻合较好.2014年3月21日新疆于田地震之后40天,在北西方向发生MW5.2强余震,其震中位置的应力增量达到0.63×105Pa.通过比较,发现静态库仑应力变化和地震活动率之间具有较好的相关性.地震活动率较高的区域与静态库仑应力加载区相对应,如康西瓦断裂东段、贡嘎错断裂中段和东北段等区域. 相似文献
16.
中强地震发生后，地震检测因受到尾波的干扰可能会遗漏部分微震事件，影响地震目录的完备性。文章利用波形模板匹配方法对2020年新疆伽师MS6.4地震序列开展微震检测，相比原始的中国地震台网中心统一地震目录，新检测出1 756个微震事件，地震数量增加了1.3倍。基于检测后的余震目录计算最小完备震级为ML1.2,地震活动性b值为0.76,较原始目录的ML1.6和0.77均有所降低。通过伽师震源区地震序列活动特征分析，结果表明前震序列在主震前短时间内(前36小时)出现地震活动的密集增强，相应的b值显示为低值；主震发生后地震序列完备震级较高，随着时间的推移，完备震级缓慢降低并趋于稳定，并且呈周期性的波动。本研究提高了伽师震源区地震目录的完备性，为精细化描述该地区地震序列时空演化特征提供了关键数据基础。 相似文献
17.
K. Maeda 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1999,155(2-4):381-394
—We apply a stacking method to investigate the time distribution of foreshock activity immediately before a mainshock. The foreshocks are searched for events with M≥ 3.0 within a distance of 50 km and two days from each mainshock with M≥ 5.0, in the JMA catalog from 1977 through 1997/9/30. About 33% of M≥ 5.0 earthquakes are preceded by foreshocks, and 50–70% in some areas. The relative location and time of three types of representative foreshocks, that is, the largest one, the nearest one to the mainshock in distance, and the nearest one in time, are stacked in reference to each mainshock. The statistical test for stacked time distribution of foreshocks within 30km from and two days before mainshocks shows that the inverse power-law type of a probability density time function is a significantly better fit than the exponential one for all three types of representative foreshocks. Two explanations possibly interpret the results. One is that foreshocks occur as a result of a stress change in the region, and the other one is that a foreshock is the cause of a stress change in the region and it triggers a mainshock. The second explanation is compatible with the relationship between a mainshock and aftershocks, when an aftershock happens to become larger than the mainshock. However the values of exponent of the power law obtained for stacked foreshocks are significantly smaller than those for similarly stacked aftershocks. Therefore the foreshock–mainshock relation should not be explained as a normal aftershock activity. Probably an increase of stress during foreshock activity results in apparently smaller values of the exponent, if the second explanation is the case. 相似文献
18.
《地震研究进展（英文）》2023,3(1):100184
The 2022 MS 6.8 Luding earthquake is the strongest earthquake in Sichuan Province, Western China, since the 2017 MS 7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquake. It occurred on the Moxi fault in the southeastern segment of the Xianshuihe fault, a tectonically active and mountainous region with severe secondary earthquake disasters. To better understand the seismogenic mechanism and provide scientific support for future hazard mitigation, we summarize the preliminary results of the Luding earthquake, including seismotectonic background, seismicity and mainshock source characteristics and aftershock properties, and direct and secondary damage associated with the mainshock. The peak ground displacements in the NS and EW directions observed by the nearest GNSS station SCCM are ～35 mm and ～55 mm, respectively, resulting in the maximum coseismic dislocation of 20 mm along the NWW direction, which is consistent with the sinistral slip on the Xianshuihe fault. Back-projection of teleseismic P waves suggest that the mainshock rupture propagated toward south-southeast. The seismic intensity of the mainshock estimated from the back-projection results indicates a Mercalli scale of VIII or above near the ruptured area, consistent with the results from instrumental measurements and field surveys. Numerous aftershocks were reported, with the largest being MS 4.5. Aftershock locations (up to September 18, 2022) exhibit 3 clusters spanning an area of 100 km long and 30 km wide. The magnitude and rate of aftershocks decreased as expected, and the depths became shallower with time. The mainshock and two aftershocks show left-lateral strike-slip focal mechanisms. For the aftershock sequence, the b-value from the Gutenberg-Richter frequency-magnitude relationship, h-value, and p-value for Omori’s law for aftershock decay are 0.81, 1.4, and 1.21, respectively, indicating that this is a typical mainshock-aftershock sequence. The low b-value implies high background stress in the hypocenter region. Analysis from remote sensing satellite images and UAV data shows that the distribution of earthquake-triggered landslides was consistent with the aftershock area. Numerous small-size landslides with limited volumes were revealed, which damaged or buried the roads and severely hindered the rescue process. 相似文献
19.
针对九寨沟MS7.0地震之后不同时间段的余震序列目录，利用推定最大余震震级，给出了实际最大余震震级的估计值。结果表明，推定最大余震震级随主震后时间尺度的延长而趋于稳定，且该值与实际发生的最大余震的震级一致。需要强调的是，就九寨沟地震序列而言，当余震数据较为完备时，采用主震后较短时间段内（1～2天）的余震目录就可以较准确地估算出主震区域内可能发生的最大余震震级。实际上，主震后12h（0.5天）的余震数据已完全可以给出最大余震震级的有效下限。此外，计算中我们采用了里氏震级ML和面波震级MS的余震目录，结果显示，2种震级类型目录的估算结果完全一致，表明利用推定最大余震震级估算实际最大余震震级的方法不受震级类型的影响。据此，该最大余震震级快速评估方法可进一步推广应用于我国大陆地区中强震后强余震灾害分析评估中。目前的拟合技术也显示出随着测震技术的不断进步以及余震识别能力的提高，快速评估方法可以在主震后短时间（<1天）内准确地预测可能发生的最大余震震级。 相似文献