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1.
A common effective method to reduce the seismic response of liquid storage tanks is to isolate them at base using base-isolation systems. It has been observed that in many earthquakes, the foregoing systems significantly affect on the whole system response reduction. However, in exceptional cases of excitation by long-period shaking, the base-isolation systems could have adverse effects. Such earthquakes could cause tank damage due to excessive liquid sloshing. Therefore, the numerical seismic response of liquid storage tanks isolated by bilinear hysteretic bearing elements is investigated under long-period ground motions in this research. For this purpose, finite shell elements for the tank structure and boundary elements for the liquid region are employed. Subsequently, fluid–structure equations of motion are coupled with governing equation of base-isolation system, to represent the whole system behavior. The governing equations of motion of the whole system are solved by an iterative and step-by-step algorithm to evaluate the response of the whole system to the horizontal component of three ground motions. The variations of seismic shear forces, liquid sloshing heights, and tank wall radial displacements are plotted under various system parameters such as the tank geometry aspect ratio (height to radius), and the flexibility of the isolation system, to critically examine the effects of various system parameters on the effectiveness of the base-isolation systems against long-period ground motions. From these analyses, it may be concluded that with the installation of this type of base-isolation system in liquid tanks, the dynamic response of tanks during seismic ground motions can be considerably reduced. Moreover, in the special case of long-period ground motions, the seismic response of base-isolated tanks may be controlled by the isolation system only at particular conditions of slender and broad tanks. For the case of medium tanks, remarkable attentions would be required to be devoted to the design of base-isolation systems expected to experience long-period ground motions. 相似文献
2.
A Galerkin Finite Element formulation for the dynamic stability analysis of liquid-filled shells is given in this paper. The coupling among the axial and circumferential modes is investigated. The dynamic stability characteristics of two liquid-filled storage tanks subjected to vertical, horizontal and rocking seismic excitations are presented. It is shown that a tall tank tends to buckle at distinct frequencies; and for cos θ-type ground excitation, cos 2θ, cos 3θ and cos 4θ are the dominant modes of failure. On the other hand, in a broad tank, buckling regions overlap each other. In particular, for cos θ-type ground excitation, the dominant buckling modes are cos 6θ to cos 9θ, and also cos 12θ to cos 14θ. 相似文献
3.
The seismic response of liquid-filled cylindrical storage tanks has been investigated using finite element techniques implemented in the general purpose structural analysis computer code ANSYS. Both added mass concepts and displacement-based fluid finite elements were employed to allow for the effects of the liquid. Simplified response spectrum modal analyses of a tank making use of the axisymmetric harmonic displacement patterns of the principal modes of deformation were found to give accurate predictions of the tank behaviour with a rigidly anchored base. Time history analyses of three-dimensional finite element models of unanchored and flexibly anchored tanks, with gap conditions between the tank base and the supporting floor to allow lift-off of the base, indicated that stresses in the tank and resultant loads on the floor can be much greater than for a rigidly restrained tank. These results demonstrate the importance of carefully considering the restraint conditions when performing seismic design calculations on storage tanks. 相似文献
4.
Sandip Kumar Saha Vasant A. Matsagar Arvind K. Jain 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(4):1153-1175
Seismic fragility curves for fixed-base and base-isolated liquid storage tanks are developed under non-stationary earthquakes, and their seismic performance are compared. The correlation between different earthquake intensity measure (IM) parameters and peak response quantities of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks are investigated. The failure criteria are chosen based on (1) the elastic buckling strength of the tank wall, which is defined in terms of critical base shear and critical overturning moment, and (2) in terms of the critical isolation displacement. The uncertainty involved is considered in the earthquake characteristics. Non-stationary earthquake ground motions are generated using Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Influence of the isolator characteristic parameters and modeling approaches on the seismic fragility of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks is also investigated. Peak ground acceleration is found to be the well correlated IM parameter with the peak response quantities of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks. Substantial decrease in the seismic fragility of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks is observed as compared to the fixed-base tanks. Significant influence of the isolator characteristic parameters on the seismic fragility of the base-isolated liquid storage tanks are reported in the present study. 相似文献
5.
Liquid storage tanks are essential structures that are often located in residential and industrial areas; thus an assessment of their seismic performance is an important engineering issue. In this paper, the seismic response of unanchored steel liquid storage tanks is investigated using the endurance time (ET) dynamic analysis procedure and compared to responses obtained for anchored tanks under actual ground motions and intensifying ET records. In most cases, the results from ground motions are properly obtained with negligible differences using ET records. It is observed that uplifting of the tank base, which is closely related to the tank aspect ratio, has the greatest significance in the responses of the tank and can be predicted with reasonable accuracy by using currently available ET records. 相似文献
6.
地震作用下大型储液罐的安全问题日益引起重视。基于ANSYS软件建立储罐液体耦合有限元模型,考虑罐底非线性接触效应,以El-Centro南北向和竖直向记录地震波为输入,研究水平激励以及水平和竖向同时激励两种工况下储罐的动力响应。研究结果表明,两种工况下靠近罐底1.2m处均发生了"象足"变形,竖向激励下水平相对位移增加了14%。竖向激励使得罐壁环向应力和轴向压应力均有不同程度的增加。竖向地震激励对液面的竖向晃动影响较小。储液罐底板在地震作用下发生了竖向提离和永久滑移,竖向激励时增长幅度均在10%左右。同时罐体基底剪力在竖向地震作用下也有所增大。储罐抗震设计时应考虑竖向地震分量的影响,研究结论可为立式储罐的抗震设计提供一定的参考和依据。 相似文献
7.
8.
A comprehensive study is made of the effects of soil-structure interaction on the response of liquid containing, upright, circular cylindrical tanks subjected to a horizontal component of ground shaking. A simple, physically motivated method of analysis is employed which elucidates the effects and relative importance of the principal actions involved. Both the impulsive and convective actions of the liquid are examined. The interrelationship of the tank responses to horizontal and rocking actions of the foundation is established, and the well known mechanical model for laterally excited, rigid tanks supported on a non-deformable medium is generalized to permit consideration of the effects of tank and ground flexibilities and base rocking. Critical responses are evaluated for harmonic and seismic excitations over wide ranges of tank proportions and soil stiffnesses, and the results are presented in a form convenient for use in practical applications. In addition to a precise method of analysis, an approximate, hand-computation method is presented with which the effects of the primary parameters may be evaluated readily. The soil-structure interaction effects in the latter approach are provided for by modifying the natural frequency and damping of the tank-liquid system and evaluating its response to the prescribed free-field ground motion considering the tank to be rigidly supported at the base. The requisite modifications may be determined from information presented herein. It is shown that soil-structure interaction may reduce significantly the impulsive components of response but that it has a negligible effect on the convective components. 相似文献
9.
In this paper, an analytical method is proposed to determine the dynamic response of 3‐D rectangular liquid storage tanks with four flexible walls, subjected to horizontal seismic ground motion. Fluid–structure interaction effects on the dynamic responses of partially filled fluid containers, incorporating wall flexibility, are accounted for in evaluating impulsive pressure. The velocity potential in which boundary conditions are satisfied is solved by the method of separation of variables using the principle of superposition. The impulsive pressure distribution is then computed. Solutions based on 3‐D modeling of the rectangular containers are obtained by applying the Rayleigh–Ritz method using the vibration modes of flexible plates with suitable boundary conditions. Trigonometrical functions that satisfy boundary conditions of the storage tank such that the flexibility of the wall is thoroughly considered are used to define the admissible vibration modes. The analysis is then performed in the time domain. Moreover, an analytical procedure is developed for deriving a simple formula that evaluates convective pressure and surface displacements in a similar rigid tank. The variation of dynamic response characteristics with respect to different tank parameters is investigated. A mechanical model, which takes into account the deformability of the tank wall, is developed. The parameters of such a model can be obtained from developed charts, and the maximum seismic loading can be predicted by means of a response spectrum characterizing the design earthquake. Accordingly, a simplified but sufficiently accurate design procedure is developed to improve code formulas for the seismic design of liquid storage tanks. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
10.
The non‐stationary rocking response of liquid storage tanks under seismic base excitations including soil interaction has been developed based on the wavelet domain random vibration theory. The ground motion has been characterized through statistical functionals of wavelet coefficients of the ground acceleration history. The tank–liquid–foundation system is modelled as a multi‐degree‐of‐freedom (MDOF) system with both lateral and rocking motions of vibration of the foundation. The impulsive and convective modes of vibration of the liquid in the tank have been considered. The wavelet domain coupled dynamic equations are formulated and then solved to get the expressions of instantaneous power spectral density function (PSDF) in terms of functionals of input wavelet coefficients. The moments of the instantaneous PSDF are used to obtain the stochastic responses of the tank in the form of coefficients of hydrodynamic pressure, base shear and overturning base moment for the largest expected peak responses. Parametric variations are carried out to study the effects of various governing parameters like height of liquid in the tank, height–radius ratio of the tank, ratio of total liquid mass to mass of foundation, and shear wave velocity in the soil medium, on the responses of the tank. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
11.
Kyung Hwan Cho Moon Kyum Kim Yun Mook Lim Seong Yong Cho 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(11):839-852
The seismic response analysis of a base-isolated liquid storage tank on a half-space was examined using a coupling method that combines the finite elements and boundary elements. The coupled dynamic system that considers the base isolation system and soil–structure interaction effect is formulated in time domain to evaluate accurately the seismic response of a liquid storage tank. Finite elements for a structure and boundary elements for liquid are coupled using equilibrium and compatibility conditions. The base isolation system is modeled using the biaxial hysteretic element. The homogeneous half-space is idealized using the simple spring-dashpot model with frequency-independent coefficients. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate accuracy and applicability of the developed method.Consequently, a general numerical algorithm that can analyze the dynamic response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks on homogeneous half-space is developed in three-dimensional coordinates and dynamic response analysis is performed in time domain. 相似文献
12.
中国核电厂抗震设计规范推荐采用的Housner模型不适用于复杂形状核电储液结构的流固耦合分析。对于AP1000和CAP1400核电站屏蔽厂房顶部非能动安全壳冷却系统重力水箱(简称PCS水箱),基于圆柱形水箱的Housner等效质量-弹簧模型,通过引入水箱体积修正参数,提出PCS水箱的三维等效质量-弹簧模型。采用有限元软件ADINA建立水箱结构流固耦合整体有限元模型以进行模态分析,计算分析PCS水箱和对应环形水箱在不同尺寸和液体深度条件下的液体晃动自振特性。对比整体有限元模型与三维等效质量-弹簧模型计算结果发现,提出的PCS水箱三维等效质量-弹簧模型能给出其内液体晃动各阶振型的液动压力合理估计值,适用于具有复杂形状的PCS水箱液动压力分析。本文的等效模型方法可推广应用于其他复杂形状水箱的液动压力分析。 相似文献
13.
为研究考虑桩土相互作用的储液罐的动力响应及长周期地震波对储液晃动、储罐提离的影响,根据量纲分析法设计了桩-土-储罐模型进行了振动台试验。试验中采用4条基岩波、4条地表波进行振动台试验。试验显示基岩波与地表波输入时,体系变化规律基本一致,其结果表明:土体地表加速度被放大,且输入加速度峰值增加,地表加速度放大倍数减小;一般地震波时,随着输入加速度峰值的增加,储液晃动波高大致呈线性增加。长周期地震波下则为非线性增加,且晃动波较大。此外,液体产生的晃动波高与储罐类型相关。细高型储罐产生的波高稍大;储罐提离高度随着输入加速度峰值的增加呈非线性增长。长周期地震波激励下,储罐提离高度小于一般地震波时的提离高度。细高型储罐在长短周期地震波激励下,提离高度较为接近,而一般储罐在两种地震波激励下,提离高度相差较大。细高型储罐提离高度大于一般储罐的提离高度。建议在储罐设计时考虑长周期地震波的影响。 相似文献
14.
A wavelet‐based random vibration theory has been developed for the non‐stationary seismic response of liquid storage tanks including soil interaction. The ground motion process has been characterized via estimates of statistical functionals of wavelet coefficients obtained from a single time history of ground accelerations. The tank–liquid–soil system has been modelled as a two‐degree‐of‐freedom (2‐DOF) system. The wavelet domain equations have been formulated and the wavelet coefficients of the required response state are obtained by solving two linear simultaneous algebraic equations. The explicit expression for the instantaneous power spectral density function (PSDF) in terms of the functionals of the input wavelet coefficients has been obtained. The moments of this PSDF are used to estimate the expected pseudo‐spectral acceleration (PSA) response of the tank. Parametric variations are carried out to study the effects of tank height, foundation natural frequency, shear wave velocity of soil and ratio of the mass of tank (including liquid) to the mass of foundation on the PSA responses of tanks. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
15.
液压阻尼系统控制浮放立式储罐提离失稳 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
立式圆柱储罐在油田、石油化工等企业用途广泛，多用作存贮易燃、易爆介质，一旦遭遇震害，后果将十分严重。本文针对浮放立式储罐地震响应的提离失稳问题，采用液压阻尼系统（HDS）用以控制储罐的提离反应，建立了安装HDS储罐的力学分析模型并进行了数值计算，对安装HDS后储罐的提离反应进行了分析。仿真计算结果表明：HDS可以有效地减小提离应力，从而地震烈度可以降低1度进行储罐的提离设计。 相似文献
16.
水平地震激励下储罐液体晃动与提离分析 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
在考虑地基与储罐相互作用的情况下,采用有限元法对储罐在水平地震荷载作用下的液面晃动及储罐提离反应进行了分析。结果表明:罐内液体的晃动是长周期运动,其周期受地震动影响。无论是小体积罐还是大体积罐,在一定的地震烈度下均可以发生提离,而且储罐发生提离的时刻大多数是在地震动的峰值过后的一段时间内。大体积的储罐的提离明显小于小体积的罐。底板提离区域为月牙形。 相似文献
17.
The seismic response of an isolated vertical, cylindrical, extra-large liquefi ed natural gas (LNG) tank by a multiple friction pendulum system (MFPS) is analyzed. Most of the extra-large LNG tanks have a fundamental frequency which involves a range of resonance of most earthquake ground motions. It is an effective way to decrease the response of an isolation system used for extra-large LNG storage tanks under a strong earthquake. However, it is diff icult to implement in practice with common isolation bearings due to issues such as low temperature, soft site and other severe environment factors. The extra-large LNG tank isolated by a MFPS is presented in this study to address these problems. A MFPS is appropriate for large displacements induced by earthquakes with long predominant periods. A simplifi ed fi nite element model by Malhotra and Dunkerley is used to determine the usefulness of the isolation system. Data reported and statistically sorted include pile shear, wave height, impulsive acceleration, convective acceleration and outer tank acceleration. The results show that the isolation system has excellent adaptability for different liquid levels and is very effective in controlling the seismic response of extra-large LNG tanks. 相似文献
18.
浮放储罐三维地震反应有限元分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对立式储罐,考虑液固耦合效应、地基与储罐结构的相互作用,采用有限元分析方法,对储罐在三维地震荷载作用下动反应进行了数值分析。分析结果表明：储罐三维地震加速度反应较一维地震加速度反应增加、提离高度明显放大、储罐轴向应力增加、基底剪力与弯矩增大。 相似文献
19.
考虑SSI效应储油罐的子结构实验方法与数值模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
提出了应用振动台子结构试验方法来研究考虑土-结构相互作用（SSI）效应储罐的抗震性能,该方法将土体简化为双自由度八参量集总参数模型进行模拟,储罐作为试验子结构应用振动台加载,两部分联机完成振动台子结构试验。该方法能完成大比例尺储罐试验,具有传统试验方法难以比拟的优势。然后,通过数值模拟分析了SSI效应对储罐动力响应的影响。分别研究了不同储液高度和不同地基刚度对储罐位移和加速度响应的影响。研究结果表明：考虑SSI效应时,罐体位移响应和加速度响应均有所减小,土质越软,效果越明显;随着储液高度的增高,位移、加速度反应呈现减小趋势。 相似文献
20.
H. N. Phan F. Paolacci D. Corritore B. Akbas E. Uckan J. J. Shen 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2016,14(11):3283-3299
The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of a concave sliding bearing system for the seismic protection of liquefied gas storage tanks through a seismic fragility analysis. An emblematic case study of elevated steel storage tanks, which collapsed during the 1999 ?zmit earthquake at Habas Pharmaceutics plant in Turkey, is studied. Firstly, a fragility analysis is conducted for the examined tank based on a lumped-mass stick model, where the nonlinear shear behaviour of support columns is taken into account by using a phenomenological model. Fragility curves in terms of an efficient intensity measure for different failure modes of structural components demonstrate the inevitable collapse of the tank mainly due to insufficient shear strength of the support columns. A seismic isolation system based on concave sliding bearings, which has been demonstrated a superior solution to seismically protect elevated tanks, is then designed and introduced into the numerical model, accounting for its non-linear behaviour. Finally, a vulnerability analysis for the isolated tank is performed, which proves a high effectiveness of the isolation system in reducing the probability of failure within an expected range of earthquake intensity levels. 相似文献