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1.
根据矩形容器中流体晃动等效模型的精确解,采用非线性拟合算法,给出了等效模型中脉冲质量及其位置的拟合公式,本文给出的拟合公式比精确解简单、且计算精度远高于Housner公式,可以作为精确解良好的替代公式。建议采用本文公式(3)～(8)作为矩形容器内流体晃动等效模型的计算表达式。 相似文献
2.
《国际地震动态》2016,(3)
钢筋混凝土水池在供水系统中承担着净水、储水的重要功能,是典型的储液结构。裂缝的出现会加速钢筋锈蚀、降低结构耐久性,且结构设计中裂缝宽度限值很大程度上决定了配筋量。水池在地震作用下易出现裂缝,裂缝可能导致储液渗漏,造成水池服务功能下降甚至丧失,并在一定程度上影响整个系统的功能。震后储液结构的裂缝开展情况及由此导致储液渗漏程度是评判水池地震破坏等级的主要标准。目前,已有研究成果表明,混凝土裂缝在与水接触条件下会发生自愈使原有裂缝宽度减小,水池由于储水为裂缝的自愈提供了必要条件。因此,应考虑承载力、耐久性、服务功能、经济性、裂缝自愈性能及震后维修加固可行性等因素综合确定水池结构设计和地震破坏等级划分标准中的裂缝限值。储液结构在地震作用下存在液固耦合效应且液体会发生晃动,储液的存在改变了结构的动力特性和地震响应。水池结构除受到结构本身惯性力和静水压力外,其底部和侧壁还承受液体在垂直壁面方向上产生的动水压力。水池在抗震设计中需考虑液面晃动和动水压力的影响。现阶段,对钢筋混凝土水池裂缝自愈性能、渗漏特性及水池在地震作用下的液固耦合动力特性和地震响应的研究尚不完善。本文通过钢筋混凝土水池壁板弯曲裂缝和贯通裂缝自愈、渗漏试验研究混凝土裂缝的自愈性能及渗漏特性,采用大型有限元软件ADINA进行圆形水池地震响应分析,研究液固耦合系统的动力特性、储液晃动、动水压力及破坏特征等。论文主要完成了如下工作:(1)设计并完成了钢筋混凝土水池壁板弯曲裂缝和贯通裂缝的自愈及渗漏试验。进行了材料性能试验;对静水环境中弯曲微裂缝、流动水环境中贯通裂缝的自愈性能进行了测试,给出了弯曲微裂缝在静水环境中短期内的自愈合宽度,证实了贯通裂缝在流动水环境中仍会发生自愈合;在裂缝上施加实际水头作用测试了弯曲裂缝和贯通裂缝的渗漏特性,研究了弯曲裂缝宽度、受压区高度及作用水头对液体渗漏的影响,分析了贯通裂缝水的渗漏率与累计时间和水头高度之间的关系。通过试验得到裂缝特性与自愈及渗漏之间的关系,为水池结构设计和地震破坏等级划分提供参考。(2)对地面式圆形水池进行了液固耦合动力特性分析,液固耦合系统包括刚体模态、储液晃动模态和液固耦联振动模态3种形式。研究了储水高度、水池半径、液体表面重力波对液固耦合系统动力特性的影响。此外,对比了圆形水池储液晃动频率的理论和有限元计算结果,验证了模型的可靠性,且推导得到圆形水池储液晃动基本周期计算公式。(3)分析了单向水平地震作用下不同水池半径、不同储水高度圆形水池的液面最大晃动波高,拟合得到了圆形水池单向地震作用下的液面最大晃动波高计算公式。公式可用于储液结构地震作用下的最大晃动波高估计和储液结构最大晃动波高设计。结合储液结构长周期抗震设计反应谱和阻尼比修正系数,提出了储水水池液面最大晃动波高计算方法。(4)研究了单向水平地震作用下,不同水池半径、不同储水高度圆形水池池壁、底板环向和径向位置的动水压力数值及分布情况,并与理论计算结果进行了对比;分析了地震动峰值加速度、储水高度、水池半径对动水压力的影响;确定了对流压力与脉冲压力的叠加方法;拟合得到对流压力、脉冲压力及动水压力计算公式;结合底板环向动水压力分布,综合给出单向水平地震作用下圆形水池动水压力标准值,与较复杂的理论计算方法和仅考虑脉冲压力的规范法相比,计算更简便且与实际相符。此外,还分析了液面和池底动水压力的时程变化。(5)进行了双向水平地震动作用下圆形水池的地震响应分析,提取了液面最大晃动波高和动水压力计算结果;基于单向水平地震动作用下的响应结果,通过合理的组合方式给出了双向水平地震动作用下的液面最大晃动波高和动水压力计算公式,建立了双向水平地震作用下储水水池液面最大晃动波高和动水压力计算方法;并对双向水平地震作用下圆形水池地震破坏特征和易损性进行了分析。 相似文献
3.
《地震工程与工程振动》2020,(4)
升船机承船厢内水体对承船厢壁的动水压力明显受船舶影响,但目前工程分析中尚无较完善的水-船体系简化模型。考虑船舶对晃动水体的影响,以Housner模型为基础,提出了有效水深和有效水宽概念并给出表达式,考察了有效水深和有效水宽对动水脉冲压力合力、对流压力合力及其作用高度的影响,以势流体模型计算的动水压力合力为参照得到有效水深和有效水宽表达式中的参数,进而得到了修正的Housner模型。通过与势流体模型得到的力矩进行比较及在不同吨位承船厢和船舶的应用,验证了本文模型的正确性和通用性。本文模型精度较高,使用方便,可适用于承船厢的动力特性分析,以及动力荷载作用下承船厢的受力分析。 相似文献
4.
本文利用有限元法分析了在水平地震作用下刚性(?)转壳贮液罐液体的动力反应。理论分析与形成有限元公式所作的基本假设是罐内液体为理想流体以及它的流动是无旋的。 上述问题只有在圆柱形罐时才有解析解。根据理论分析与本文所建立的有限元公式设计了计算机程序,用它算出的贮液罐内液体晃动的固有频率与地震动力反应值与解析解相比具有很好的精确度。我们利用这一程序计算还得出结论:尽管Housner法是一种近似法,它只能求出液体晃动的基频,但该法仍具有相当的精确度。 相似文献
5.
本文以水箱-结构体系为对象,研究了调谐减振器的减振作用,肯定了它的减振效果,对其减振效果与液体自振频率、液深等因素的关系进行了分析。在本文中水箱的计算模型是三维的,液体用半解析单元离散,结构为一多自由度体系。本文计算模型的自由度数目较一般有限元法大大减少。 相似文献
6.
15×104m3储罐的动特性分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
立式钢制圆柱形储罐向着大型化和浮放式发展,其动力特性参数,如结构的固有频率和固有振型,在地震工程中经常被使用,以15×104m3储罐为例,应用ADINA有限元程序,采用弹簧单元来模拟地基,考虑液固耦合效应对其进行了模态分析.结果表明:采用弹簧单元来模拟地基进行储罐的分析时,有限元与规范近似算法比较接近;15×104m3储罐液固耦合振动低频的振动形式比较丰富,以 cosnθ、sinnθ型梁式振动为主,液体晃动低频的振动形式比较单一,即cosnθ、sinnθ型梁式振动;液固耦合振动频率对地基刚度最为敏感,储液高度与储罐高径比次之,受罐壁厚度的影响比较小;液体晃动频率对罐壁厚度和地基刚度不敏感,对储液高度与高径比则比较敏感. 相似文献
7.
立式钢制圆柱形储罐向着大型化和浮放式发展,其动力特性参数,如结构的固有频率和固有振型,在地震工程中经常被使用,以15×104m3储罐为例,应用ADINA有限元程序,采用弹簧单元来模拟地基,考虑液固耦合效应对其进行了模态分析。结果表明:采用弹簧单元来模拟地基进行储罐的分析时,有限元与规范近似算法比较接近;15×104m3储罐液固耦合振动低频的振动形式比较丰富,以cosnθ、sinnθ型梁式振动为主,液体晃动低频的振动形式比较单一,即cosnθ、sinnθ型梁式振动;液固耦合振动频率对地基刚度最为敏感,储液高度与储罐高径比次之,受罐壁厚度的影响比较小;液体晃动频率对罐壁厚度和地基刚度不敏感,对储液高度与高径比则比较敏感。 相似文献
8.
本文对池式快增殖反产大简化,使计算简图既能反映结构的动力特性,又能使计算简便易行,文中将一个复杂的结构以一个简单的质量－弹簧体系来近似地等效代替,并引入容器的变形假设和确定的液动压力假设,应用虑位移原理建立体系在水平地震动作用下的运动方程,则后考察其动力特性。 相似文献
9.
均匀土-箱基-结构相互作用体系的计算分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采用通用有限元程序ANSYS，针对捱动台试验中的均匀土-箱基-结构试验进行了三维有限元分析，计算中土体的本构模型采用等效线性模型，利用面-面接触单元考虑土体与基础交界面的状态非线性。计算表明，基础底面和土体发生滑移，基础侧面和土体之间发生了滑移和脱离，上部结构柱顶加速度反应主要由基础转动引起的摆动分量组成，通过与试验结果的对照研究，二者得出的规律基本一致，验证了采用的计算模型与分析方法的合理性，为进一步计算研究和实际工程应用奠定了基础。 相似文献
10.
《世界地震工程》2015,(3)
针对当前砌体填充墙框架结构数值模拟中缺乏简单有效的填充墙建模方法,缺少对填充墙-框架刚性连接和柔性连接的考虑等问题,提出了基于等效弹簧单元的填充墙框架结构有限元分析方法。首先,将填充墙框架结构拆分成空框架和等效约束填充墙,其中等效约束填充墙综合考虑了填充墙对框架柱的侧向约束,以及主体框架对填充墙的闭合约束;其次,在粉煤灰空心砌块墙体及砌体填充墙框架结构水平往复荷载试验的基础上,分析了墙-框刚性连接与柔性连接情况下等效约束填充墙的力学性能,提出了填充墙的滞回曲线模型及等效弹簧有限元分析模型;最后,分别进行了刚性连接和柔性连接填充墙框架结构水平单调荷载作用下的有限元试验拟合。计算结果表明:等效弹簧单元能够有效模拟等效约束填充墙的工作,且建模方式简便易行,特别适用于砌体填充墙框架整体结构的数值模拟分析。 相似文献
11.
The seismic response of liquid-filled cylindrical storage tanks has been investigated using finite element techniques implemented in the general purpose structural analysis computer code ANSYS. Both added mass concepts and displacement-based fluid finite elements were employed to allow for the effects of the liquid. Simplified response spectrum modal analyses of a tank making use of the axisymmetric harmonic displacement patterns of the principal modes of deformation were found to give accurate predictions of the tank behaviour with a rigidly anchored base. Time history analyses of three-dimensional finite element models of unanchored and flexibly anchored tanks, with gap conditions between the tank base and the supporting floor to allow lift-off of the base, indicated that stresses in the tank and resultant loads on the floor can be much greater than for a rigidly restrained tank. These results demonstrate the importance of carefully considering the restraint conditions when performing seismic design calculations on storage tanks. 相似文献
12.
Kyung Hwan Cho Moon Kyum Kim Yun Mook Lim Seong Yong Cho 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(11):839-852
The seismic response analysis of a base-isolated liquid storage tank on a half-space was examined using a coupling method that combines the finite elements and boundary elements. The coupled dynamic system that considers the base isolation system and soil–structure interaction effect is formulated in time domain to evaluate accurately the seismic response of a liquid storage tank. Finite elements for a structure and boundary elements for liquid are coupled using equilibrium and compatibility conditions. The base isolation system is modeled using the biaxial hysteretic element. The homogeneous half-space is idealized using the simple spring-dashpot model with frequency-independent coefficients. Some numerical examples are presented to demonstrate accuracy and applicability of the developed method.Consequently, a general numerical algorithm that can analyze the dynamic response of base-isolated liquid storage tanks on homogeneous half-space is developed in three-dimensional coordinates and dynamic response analysis is performed in time domain. 相似文献
13.
This paper investigates the effects of foundation embedment on the seismic behavior of fluid-elevated tank-foundation–soil system with a structural frame supporting the fluid containing tank. Six different soil types defined in the well-known seismic codes were considered. Both the sloshing effects of the fluid and soil-structure interaction of the elevated tanks located on these six different soils were included in the analyses. Fluid-elevated tank-foundation–soil systems were modeled with the finite element (FE) technique. The fluid-structure interaction was taken into account using Lagrangian fluid FE approximation implemented in the general purpose structural analysis computer program, ANSYS. FE model with viscous boundary was used to include elevated tank-foundation–soil interaction effects. The models were analyzed for the foundations with and without embedment. It was found that the tank roof displacements were affected significantly by the embedment in soft soil, however, this effect was smaller for stiff soil types. Except for soft soil types, embedment did not affect the other response parameters, such as sloshing displacement, of the systems considered in this study. 相似文献
14.
为了研究高阶晃动振型对LNG储罐地震响应的影响,考虑高阶晃动振型,建立LNG储罐的简化力学模型,推导LNG储罐的运动控制方程,给出了LNG储罐的基底剪力、倾覆弯矩和储罐内液体晃动波高的表达式。以某16×104 m3 LNG储罐为例,采用大型通用有限元分析软件ADINA System对其进行有限元模型分析,验证其修正模型的有效性,结果表明:高阶晃动振型对基底剪力和倾覆弯矩几乎无影响,但对晃动波高影响显著,尤其是长周期地震动作用下,并且考虑高阶晃动振型的晃动波高存在延时效应。提出的简化力学模型修正公式与有限元分析结果吻合较好,可以准确地预测LNG储罐地震响应。 相似文献
15.
A numerical and experimental study on the sloshing behaviours of cylindrical and rectangular liquid tanks is addressed. A three‐dimensional boundary element method for space with the second‐order Taylor series expansion in time is established to simulate the sloshing phenomenon and its related physical quantities inside a liquid tank subjected to horizontal harmonic oscillations or recorded earthquake excitations. The small‐scale model experiments are carried out to verify some results of numerical methods in this study. The comparisons between numerical and experimental results show that the numerical method is reliable for both kinds of ground excitations. Finally, the water wave and the base shear force of a rectangular tank due to harmonic excitation are also presented at different frequencies. A huge cylindrical water tank subjected to a recorded earthquake excitation is used for application and discussion. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
The paper presents a dynamic response analysis of vertically excited liquid storage tanks including both liquid-tank and liquid-soil interaction. The system considered is a thin-walled, elastic cylindrical shell entirely filled with an incompressible and inviscid fluid, resting on a flexible foundation over an elastic halfspace with frequency dependent stiffness and damping parameters. The problem is treated analytically by the generalized-coordinate approach and then solved numerically using the complex frequency response analysis. For one special tank, natural frequencies and equivalent damping ratios are evaluated and compared with those corresponding to a rigid ground. The maximum dynamic pressure is calculated using the response spectra of the 1976 Friuli earthquake. A parameter study is carried out to show the great influence of variable soil stiffness upon the damping ratio of the shell-liquid-soil system. 相似文献
17.
Buckling plays a fundamental role in the design of steel tanks because of the small thicknesses of the walls of this class of structures. The first part of the paper presents a review of this phenomenon for liquid‐containing circular cylindrical steel tanks that are fully anchored at the base, considering the different buckling modes and especially the secondary buckling occurring in the top part of the tank. A case study based on a cylindrical tank is then introduced in order to investigate various aspects of dynamic buckling. The finite element model of the case study tank is set‐up using the added mass method for fluid modelling. The influence of pre‐stress states caused by hydrostatic pressure and self‐weight on the natural periods of the structure is first studied and it is found that this influence is very small as far as the global behaviour of the tanks is considered, while it is important for local, shell‐type, vibration modes. In the following, the efficiency and sufficiency of different ground motion intensity measures is analysed by means of cloud analysis with a set of 40 recorded accelerograms. In particular, the peak ground displacement has been found being the most efficient and sufficient intensity measure so far as the maximum relative displacement of the tank walls is concerned. Finally, incremental nonlinear time‐history analyses are performed considering the case study structure under recorded earthquake ground motions in order to identify the critical buckling loads and to derive fragility curves for the buckling limit state. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
A hybrid analytical and FEM is proposed to investigate the nonlinear sloshing in a floating‐roofed oil storage tank under long‐period seismic ground motion. The tank is composed of a rigid cylindrical wall and a flat bottom, whereas the floating roof is treated as an elastic plate undergoing large deflection. The contained liquid is assumed to be inviscid and incompressible, and the flow is assumed to be irrotational. The method of analysis is based on representation of the liquid motion by superposing the analytical modes that satisfy the Laplace equation and the rigid wall and bottom boundary conditions. The FEM is then applied to solve the remaining kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions at the moving liquid surface coupled with the nonlinear equation of motion of the floating roof. This requires only the discretization of the liquid surface and the floating roof into finite elements, thus leading to a computationally efficient and accurate method compared with full numerical analysis. As numerical examples to illustrate the applicability of the proposed method, two oil storage tanks with single‐deck type floating roofs damaged during the 2003 Tokachioki earthquake are studied. It is shown that the nonlinear oscillation modes with the circumferential wave numbers 0, 2 and 3 caused by the finite liquid surface elevation as well as the membrane action due to large deflection of the deck produce excessively large stresses in the pontoon, which may cause the catastrophic failure of pontoon followed by the submergence of the roof. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
19.
A method for analyzing the earthquake response of elastic, cylindrical liquid storage tanks under vertical excitations is presented. The method is based on superposition of the free axisymmetrical vibrational modes obtained numerically by the finite element method. The validity of these modes has been checked analytically and the formulation of the load vector has been confirmed by a static analysis. Two forms of ground excitations have been used: step functions and recorded seismic components. The radial and axial displacements are computed and the corresponding stresses are presented. Both fixed and partly fixed tanks are considered to evaluate the effect of base fixation on tank behaviour. Finally, tank response under the simultaneous action of both vertical and lateral excitations is calculated to evaluate the relative importance of the vertical component of ground acceleration on the overall seismic behaviour of liquid storage tanks. 相似文献
20.
A common effective method to reduce the seismic response of liquid storage tanks is to isolate them at base using base-isolation systems. It has been observed that in many earthquakes, the foregoing systems significantly affect on the whole system response reduction. However, in exceptional cases of excitation by long-period shaking, the base-isolation systems could have adverse effects. Such earthquakes could cause tank damage due to excessive liquid sloshing. Therefore, the numerical seismic response of liquid storage tanks isolated by bilinear hysteretic bearing elements is investigated under long-period ground motions in this research. For this purpose, finite shell elements for the tank structure and boundary elements for the liquid region are employed. Subsequently, fluid–structure equations of motion are coupled with governing equation of base-isolation system, to represent the whole system behavior. The governing equations of motion of the whole system are solved by an iterative and step-by-step algorithm to evaluate the response of the whole system to the horizontal component of three ground motions. The variations of seismic shear forces, liquid sloshing heights, and tank wall radial displacements are plotted under various system parameters such as the tank geometry aspect ratio (height to radius), and the flexibility of the isolation system, to critically examine the effects of various system parameters on the effectiveness of the base-isolation systems against long-period ground motions. From these analyses, it may be concluded that with the installation of this type of base-isolation system in liquid tanks, the dynamic response of tanks during seismic ground motions can be considerably reduced. Moreover, in the special case of long-period ground motions, the seismic response of base-isolated tanks may be controlled by the isolation system only at particular conditions of slender and broad tanks. For the case of medium tanks, remarkable attentions would be required to be devoted to the design of base-isolation systems expected to experience long-period ground motions. 相似文献