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1879年武都南8级大地震及其同震破裂研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
近年来，通过艰苦的野外现场考察和室内相关资料的系统调研，对1879年武都南8级大震的震级、震害、烈度分布、同震破裂及其形成该事件的发震构造、形成机制等方面的问题进行了专题研究。本文对武都南8级大震的宏观震中位置、震级及同震破裂研究结果进行了总结。重点讨论了该历史事件同震破裂的分布范围、破裂类型、规模及其形成机制等方面的问题。研究结果表明：（1）武都南地震的极震区主体位于甘肃东南部的武都与文县之间，且靠近武都南，为一呈北东东向展布的椭圆形，长轴长约70km，短轴长约30km，宏观震中位于极震区东部的堡子坝附近。（2）极震区内分布有3条向北东撒开，向南西收敛的同震破裂带。（3）主破裂带西起哈南白水江，东至固水子、透坊、稻畦子一带的白龙江沿岸。（4）同震破裂主要由地震裂缝、地震陡坎、地震鼓包、地震滑坡、堰塞湖等构造类型组成，其中以滑坡现象最为突出，保存也最为完整。（5）根据同震破裂的产生部位，几何』结构和形成机制，可认为武都南地震的同震破裂带是在哈南-稻畦子-毛坡拉断裂带左旋走滑兼倾滑活动作用下形成的。（6）根据同震破裂的规模及发震断裂运动量实测数据，可以确定武都南地震震级已达8级。 相似文献
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公元512年山西省北部7.5级地震发震断层初探 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
根据野外断层露头,探槽及热释光年龄样数据,揭示了大同盆地内黄花梁－山自皂断层为公元５１２年强震的发震断层,这对确定该次地震宏观震中及研究大同盆地地震活动性具有重要意义。 相似文献
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根据１７９１年２月１１日地震的震害特征及余震分布，将震中位置修订到获鹿以北，同时讨论了它的发震构造。 相似文献
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利用差分干涉雷达测量技术获取的宏观震中区的同震形变场，结合对地震活动性、震源机制、野外考察等资料分析，对昆仑山口西8.1级地震同震形变场特征进行了研究. 结果表明:宏观震中位于库赛湖东北侧，宏观震中区发震断层可分为两个形变中心区域，其中西段长约42 km，东段长约48 km，整个发震断层主破裂段长90 km；由干涉形变条纹分布格局可清楚地判断出发震断层的左旋走滑特征；断层两盘变形特征不同，南盘变形程度明显大于北盘；宏观震中附近最大斜距向位移量为288.4 cm，最小斜距向位移量为224.0 cm，宏观震中发震断层最大左旋水平位错为738.1 cm，最小地面左旋水平位错为551.8 cm. 相似文献
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对１９９３年广西贡川４．５级地震的烈度分布及发震构造进行了讨论．这次地震的震中烈度为Ⅵ度，等震线长轴方向呈ＮＮＷ向。发震构造为ＮＷ向的贡川断层，错动方式为左旋走滑． 相似文献
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1997年9月三水地震震相特征与发震构造 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
１９９７年９月广东省三水市发生的ＭＬ３．７、４．４级地震因震中烈度比同等震级的其它震例偏高许多,而且多个台站均记录到长周期振动规则的正弦形面波而特别引人注目。精确测定了这组地震的震源位置,得到震源深度约等于１ｋｍ;对比分析了震相记录特征、震区周围的历史地震活动及地质构造背景,认为这是一组罕见的低震级高烈度震例,其发生可能与震中附近的Ｆ７断层活动有关。 相似文献
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Gtz Schroth Luciana Ferreira Da Silva Marc‐Andree Wolf Wenceslau Geraldes Teixeira Wolfgang Zech 《水文研究》1999,13(10):1423-1436
The partitioning of rain water into throughfall, stemflow and interception loss when passing through plant canopies depends on properties of the respective plant species, such as leaf area and branch angles. In heterogeneous vegetation, such as tropical forest or polycultural systems, the presence of different plant species may consequently result in a mosaic of situations with respect to quantity and quality of water inputs into the soil. As these processes influence not only the water availability for the plants, but also water infiltration and nutrient leaching, the understanding of plant effects on the repartitioning of rain water may help in the optimization of land use systems and management practices. We measured throughfall and stemflow in a perennial polyculture (multi‐strata agroforestry), monocultures of peach palm (Bactris gasipaes) for fruit and for palmito, a monoculture of cupuaçu (Theobroma grandiflorum), spontaneous fallow and primary forest during one year in central Amazonia, Brazil. The effect on rain water partitioning was measured separately for four useful tree species in the polyculture and for two tree species in the primary forest. Throughfall at two stem distances, and stemflow, differed significantly between tree species, resulting in pronounced spatial patterns of water input into the soil in the polyculture system. For two tree species, peach palm for fruit (Bactris gasipaes) and Brazil nut trees (Bertholletia excelsa), the water input into the soil near the stem was significantly higher than the open‐area rainfall. This could lead to increased nutrient leaching when fertilizer is applied close to the stem of these trees. In the primary forest, such spatial patterns could also be detected, with significantly higher water input near a palm (Oenocarpus bacaba) than near a dicotyledonous tree species (Eschweilera sp.). Interception losses were 6·4% in the polyculture, 13·9 and 12·3% in the peach palm monocultures for fruit and for palmito, respectively, 0·5% in the cupuaçu monoculture and 3·1% in the fallow. With more than 20% of the open‐area rainfall, the highest stemflow contributions to the water input into the soil were measured in the palm monocultures and in the fallow. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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M. N. French R. L. Bras W. F. Krajewski 《Stochastic Environmental Research and Risk Assessment (SERRA)》1992,6(1):27-45
A procedure for short-term rainfall forecasting in real-time is developed and a study of the role of sampling on forecast ability is conducted. Ground level rainfall fields are forecasted using a stochastic space-time rainfall model in state-space form. Updating of the rainfall field in real-time is accomplished using a distributed parameter Kalman filter to optimally combine measurement information and forecast model estimates. The influence of sampling density on forecast accuracy is evaluated using a series of a simulated rainfall events generated with the same stochastic rainfall model. Sampling was conducted at five different network spatial densities. The results quantify the influence of sampling network density on real-time rainfall field forecasting. Statistical analyses of the rainfall field residuals illustrate improvement in one hour lead time forecasts at higher measurement densities. 相似文献
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M. A. Kahn 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》2000,28(2):95-101
Red tide, a recurrent phenomenon has become conspicuous in several Kashmir lake ecosystems since 1991. The responsible organism (Euglena pedunculata), a rare flagellate rediscovered in the Kashmir Himalaya (Khan 1993) caused first and unprecedented red tide outbreak, constituting a maximum of 96% of resident numerical phytoplankton density in Dal Lake. At present, conflicting hypotheses exist on the generation of causal assemblage(s) imparting redness to waters: Jeeji Bai (1991) linked its origin to acid precipitation – a fallout of burning oil‐fields during the Gulf War – whilst Khan (1993) holds local factor(s) responsible. Field/experimental studies support the latter contention that the influx of untreated sewage, in unison with warm temperatures, high levels of PhAR, iron and interruption to hydrological flow‐pattern together with absence/or reduction in grazing activity created conducive environmental milieu for red tide outbreak. Dal Lake “red tide” drifted the bloom‐inoculum to other waters, including Lake Wular, where additional ecological niches were carved out, threatening the aesthetic value and biological diversity of Kashmir lakes. Ecological monitoring indicates frequent seasonal red tide occurrence in Dal Lake (including summer‐autumn event of 1998) which testifies its unabated eutrophication status. Further studies are needed on ecological adaptability and biogeographic distribution of this rare and unique red tide‐causing flagellate. 相似文献
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