共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
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地震应急期间,标准清晰的专题图因其快速、直观、信息量大等优点,能及时有效地提供灾区基本情况和灾情信息,在地震灾害应急指挥及救援管理中发挥着重要作用。地震应急图件的制作流程涉及基础数据的处理、总体设计、符号设计、制图综合、打印出图等多个环节,甘肃省地震应急专题图存在应急图件制作不规范、产品产出时效性不高的问题。通过不同比例尺数据库的建立、地震应急专题图和产品目录的设计、专题图模板的制作、本地化快速出图软件的部署,使震后应急期间各类专题图件产出快速、标准化、产品化,使甘肃省地震应急快速制图的能力和水平得到提升。 相似文献
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Various methods for computing the terrain correction in a high‐precision gravity survey are currently available. The present paper suggests a new method that uses linear analytical terrain approximations. In this method, digital terrain models for the near‐station topographic masses are obtained by vectorizing scan images of large‐scaled topographic maps, and the terrain correction computation is carried out using a Fourier series approximation of discrete height values. Distant topography data are represented with the help of digital GTOPO30 and Shuttle Radar Topography Mission cartographic information. We formulate linear analytical approximations of terrain corrections for the whole region using harmonic functions as the basis of our computational algorithm. Stochastic modelling allows effective assessment of the accuracy of terrain correction computation. The Perm Krai case study has shown that our method makes full use of all the terrain data available from topographic maps and digital terrain models and delivers a digital terrain correction computed to a priori precision. Our computer methodology can be successfully applied for the terrain correction computation in different survey areas. 相似文献
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为增强地震专题图发布的时效性,提升地震专题图服务能力,设计了一套基于MQTT协议的地震专题图自动生成和推送系统。该系统通过移动互联网与地震速报系统之间保持长连接,利用MQTT协议实时接收地震速报信息,根据地震烈度衰减模型生成地震影响场,然后运用ArcPy站点包进行相关空间分析和自动出图,最后利用企业微信的开发接口,实现了地震专题图的快速发布。地震专题图自动生成和推送系统已向福建省地震局和各地级市地震局相关人员提供服务,并在数次中国台湾的地震中取得良好效果。 相似文献
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Le Yu XueCao Li CongCong Li YuanYuan Zhao ZhenGuo Niu HuaBing Huang Jie Wang YuQi Cheng Hui Lu YaLi Si ChaoQing Yu HaoHuan Fu Peng Gong 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2017,60(2):277-285
A technically transparent and freely available reference sample set for validation of global land cover mapping was recently established to assess the accuracies of land cover maps with multiple resolutions. This sample set can be used to estimate areas because of its equal-area hexagon-based sampling design. The capabilities of these sample set-based area estimates for cropland were investigated in this paper. A 30-m cropland map for China was consolidated using three thematic maps (cropland, forest and wetland maps) to reduce confusion between cropland and forest/wetland. We compared three area estimation methods using the sample set and the 30 m cropland map. The methods investigated were: (1) pixel counting from a complete coverage map, (2) direct estimation from reference samples, and (3) model-assisted estimation combining the map with samples. Our results indicated that all three methods produced generally consistent estimates which agreed with cropland area measured from an independent national land use dataset. Areas estimated from the reference sample set were less biased by comparing with a National Land Use Dataset of China (NLUD-C). This study indicates that the reference sample set can be used as an alternative source to estimate areas over large regions. 相似文献
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Orthoimage maps have become very popular and frequently produced cartographical outputs in geosciences during recent years. However, the unambiguous terminology, definitions, content and appearance specifications have not been widely researched. This paper deals with the new definition of the orthoimage map, its component delineation, and basic classification. The authors present aspects of topographic and thematic orthoimage maps. The main theoretical achievement of the authors’ research is the determining of the image component and the symbol component of orthoimage map content. The presented orthoimage map concept is applicable in geophysics practise which is demonstrated by three presented topographic and thematic orthoimage maps. They differ according to the relationship between topographic background and thematic content, and between image and symbol component. The image component can be a carrier of thematic geophysical information, or it can be used as topographic background for geophysics-oriented symbol component. All prototypes give examples of how to design, complete and use image-based cartographical products. Those variants might be used as guidelines for future orthoimage map production, especially for the geophysics community. 相似文献
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Geospatial and geostatistical approach for groundwater potential zone delineation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Javed Mallick Chander Kumar Singh Hussein Al‐Wadi Mohd Ahmed Atiqur Rahman Satyanarayan Shashtri Saumitra Mukherjee 《水文研究》2015,29(3):395-418
Over the past few decades, groundwater has become an essential commodity owing to increased demand as a result of growing population, industrialization, urbanization and so on. The water supply situation is expected to become more severe in the future because of continued unsustainable water use and projected change in hydrometeorological parameters due to climate change. This study is based on the integrated approach of remote sensing, geographical information system and multicriteria decision‐making techniques to determine the most important contributing factors that affect the groundwater resources and to delineate the groundwater potential zones. Ten thematic layers, namely, geomorphology, geology, soil, topographic elevation (digital elevation model), land use/land cover, drainage density, lineament density, proximity of surface water bodies, surface temperature and post‐monsoon groundwater depth, were considered for the present study. These thematic layers were selected for groundwater prospecting based on the literature; discussion with the experts of the Central Ground Water Board, Government of India; field observations; geophysical investigation; and multivariate techniques. The thematic layers and their features were assigned suitable weights on Saaty's scale according to their relative significance for groundwater occurrence. The assigned weights of the layers and their features were normalized by using the analytic hierarchy process and eigenvector method. Finally, the selected thematic maps were integrated using a weighted linear combination method to create the final groundwater potential zone map. The final output map shows different zones of groundwater potential, namely, very good (16%), good (35%), moderate (28%) low (17%) and very low (2.1%). The groundwater potential zone map was finally validated using the discharge and groundwater depth data from 28 and 98 pumping wells, respectively, which showed good correlation. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The paper presents the results from the study concerning the application of airborne laser scanning (ALS) data and derived raster products like the digital surface model (DSM) and the digital terrain model (DTM) for the assessment of the degree of change of the land use based on the forest succession example. Simultaneously, an automated method of ALS data processing was developed based on the normalized (nDSM) and cadastral GIS information. Besides delivering precise information on forest succession, ALS technology is an excellent tool for time-changes spatial analyses. Usage of the ALS data can support the image interpretation process decreasing the subjectivity of the operator. In parallel, a manual vectorization and object classification (object-based image analysis—OBIA) were performed; both based on aerial orthophoto and ALS data. By using integrated ALS point clouds and digital aerial images, one can obtain fast OBIA processing and the determination of areas where the land cover has changed. The Milicz District (central west part of Poland) was chosen as the test site where ALS was to be performed in 2007, together with the digital aerial photos (Vexcel camera; pixel 0.15 m; CIR). The aerial photos were then processed to a CIR orthophoto. The area of study consisted of 68 private parcels (some of them were abandoned; 68.57 ha; scanned cadastral maps from the local survey office; land use information) in the direct neighbourhood of the State Forest, on which a forest succession could often be observed. The operator vectorized forest (trees and shrubs) succession areas on the 2D CIR orthophoto. They were then compared with the results from the OBIA and GIS analysis, based on the normalized digital surface model. The results showed that areas with high vegetation cover were three times larger than the official land cover database (cadastral maps). 相似文献
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M. Nozibul Haque Shamsuddin Shahid Mumnunul Keramat Morteza Mohsenipour 《Water Resources》2016,43(2):283-291
Geographical Information System (GIS) has been used in this paper to delineate groundwater resources potential in the western part of greater Kushtia district of Bangladesh, where urgent attention for augmentation of irrigation water supply is required. Thematic maps of transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, specific yield, net recharge, aquifer thickness, surface water bodies, aquifer resistivity, overburden aquitard thickness and its resistivity have been prepared and assigned weight according to their relative importance using Analytical Hierarchical Process for the preparation of groundwater potential model. Since the values within each thematic map vary significantly, they are classified into various ranges or types and assigned ratings. Finally, the thematic maps are integrated using GIS to prepare the groundwater potential map for the study area in terms of Ground Water Potential Index (GWPI). The evolved map indicates that 22.51% of the study area have GWPI more than 0.70 and therefore, have excellent prospective for exploitation. About 69.12% of the area with GWPI ranging from 0.50 to 0.70 is also quite promising for groundwater abstraction, while the rest 8.37% area having GWPI below 0.50 indicates moderate potential. The obtained map of groundwater potential is found in good agreement with the yields of available pumping test data. 相似文献
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Introduction The Yunnan region is located on the east margin of the collision zone between the Indian and Eurasian plates; it belongs to the south section of the N-S Seismic Belt of China and is the junc-ture of the Yangtze metaplatform, Songpan-Garz?fold system, Sanjiang fold system and South China fold system. This region has complex tectonic movements, crisscross faults and frequently occurring strong earthquakes, and hence it is one of the regions with the strongest earthquake ac-tivi… 相似文献
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为了提升地震应急能力,结合地震应急救援工作对地震专题图的需求,利用VB6.0开发出一套适用于地震应急救援的专题地图快速产出系统。该系统建立了相关地区的独立数据库,完全摆脱了对ArcGis、MapSis等专业制图软件的依赖,建立了独立的地震应急图件产出平台。通过输入地震参数,系统可以快速生成震中位置分布图、地震影响场分布图、震中人口分布图、历史地震分布图等专业图件并批量输出。 相似文献
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Hanen Jarray Mounira Zammouri Mohamed Ouessar Ammar Zerrim Houcine Yahyaoui 《Water Resources》2017,44(4):595-603
Groundwater is the main source of water in arid regions. Thus, groundwater pollution becomes a major issue due to the increasing contamination, which poses serious and harmful risk to the environment. Groundwater vulnerability maps can be used as a tool to help decision makers to protect groundwater resources from contamination. The vulnerability of the Mio-Plio-Quaternary shallow aquifer (Southeast Tunisia) has been assessed using a DRASTIC model based on Geographic Information System (GIS). The different parameters of the model were collected from several sources and converted into thematic maps using ArcGis©. Each DRASTIC parameter was assigned a weight and rating based on a range of information within the parameter. Groundwater vulnerability map shows a large area (48%) with high risk of pollution. It indicates that the Southern part of the aquifer and the wadi beds are the most susceptible to contamination. The measured nitrate concentration is coherent with the DRASTIC model results. 相似文献
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Flood hazard mapping in Southern Brazil: a combination of flow frequency analysis and the HAND model 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Gustavo Andrei Speckhann Roberto Fabris Goerl Janete Josina de Abreu Juan Antonio Altamirano Flores 《水文科学杂志》2018,63(1):87-100
The Itajaí River basin is one of the areas most affected by flood-related disasters in Brazil. Flood hazard maps based on digital elevation models (DEM) are an important alternative in the absence of detailed hydrological data and for application in large areas. We developed a flood hazard mapping methodology by combining flow frequency analysis with the Height Above the Nearest Drainage (HAND) model – f2HAND – and applied it in three municipalities in the Itajaí River basin. The f2HAND performance was evaluated through comparison with observed 2011 flood extent maps. Model performance and sensitivity were tested for different DEM resolutions, return periods and streamflow data from stations located upstream and downstream on the main river. The flood hazard mapping with our combined approach matched 92% of the 2011 flood event. We found that the f2HAND model has low sensitivity to DEM resolution and high sensitivity to area threshold of channel initiation. 相似文献
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Predictive models for calculating sediment yield and discharge require accurate areal data. Such models may be unrealistic when using digitized data given the potential error involved in compiling and digitizing thematic polygon maps. The estimation of boundary variability for digitized polygon maps of a 0·34 km2 area of badlands in Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta shows the effects of positional errors introduced during mapping and digitizing processes. Polygon overlay of maps of surface features and slopes produced high frequencies of very small polygons and some unlikely combinations of slopes and surface features, and decreased reliability in areal measurements in the composite map. At an epsilon band width of 0·7 m, a reasonable estimate of boundary variability, 31·7 per cent of the resultant overlaid map can be considered unreliable. 相似文献
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A fast simplified model for predicting river flood inundation probabilities in poorly gauged areas 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 The capability of a simple kinematic‐storage model (KSM) is analysed to be used as a tool for a Decision Support System for the evaluation of probability inundation maps in near real time in poorly gauged areas. KSM simulates the floodplain as a storage and assumes no exchange of momentum with the channel. For the in‐bank flow, the storage is modified through a coefficient for taking the variations of channel cross sections into account. The generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation approach is used for addressing the probability flood maps along with their associated uncertainties. The model is tested on two river reaches along the Tiber River in Central Italy where observed inundation maps are available for two recent flood events. Despite the inherent uncertainties present in the input data and in the model structure, the results show that the model reproduces reasonably well, in terms of both precision and accuracy, the observed inundated areas. Tests were performed at different digital elevation model resolutions, showing a small effect of the geometry on the maximum performance obtained. The very low computational times, the parsimony of the model and its low sensitivity to the quality of the geometry representation of the channel and the floodplain makes KSM very appealing for flood forecasting and early warning system applications in poorly gauged and inaccessible areas. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Tracer Tests and Image Analysis of Biological Clogging in a Two-Dimensional Sandbox Experiment 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A two-dimensional flow experiment on biological clogging was carried out by biostimulating a sandbox packed with sand inoculated with bacteria. Biostimulation consisted of continuously injecting nutrients (acetate and nitrate). Clogging was visualized by frequently carrying out colored tracer experiments using Brilliant Blue. The tracer experiments were recorded with a digital camera and converted to concentration maps using an image-analysis method that revealed in detail the complex spreading pattern surrounding clogged areas. Clogging resulted in a finger-like spreading of the tracer around the main clogged area. Fingers were asymmetric and their dominant direction changed over time. Although the flow field was complex around the main clogged area, the effect on the bulk hydraulic conductivity at the scale of the sandbox was very small. 相似文献
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Noxious weeds threaten the Sheyenne National Grassland (SNG) ecosystem and therefore herbicides have been used for control. To protect groundwater quality, the herbicide application is restricted to areas where the water table is less than 10 feet (3.05 m) below the ground surface in highly permeable soils, or less than 6 feet (1.83 m) below the ground surface in low permeable soils. A local MODFLOW model was extracted from a regional GFLOW analytic element model and used to develop depth‐to‐groundwater maps in the SNG that are representative for the particular time frame of herbicide applications. These maps are based on a modeled groundwater table and a digital elevation model (DEM). The accuracy of these depth‐to‐groundwater maps is enhanced by an artificial neural networks (ANNs) interpolation scheme that reduces residuals at 48 monitoring wells. The combination of groundwater modeling and ANN improved depth‐to‐groundwater maps, which in turn provided more informed decisions about where herbicides can or cannot be safely applied. 相似文献