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大容量气枪震源的实验与模拟研究 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
气枪震源是一种新兴、环保、绿色的人工震源,在区域尺度深部探测中有重要的应用前景.本文通过实验模拟研究了用于深部探测的大容量气枪震源,主要工作为:(1)根据陆上气枪实验分析了大容量气枪震源的特征;(2)采用自由气泡振荡理论模拟气枪信号,探讨深部探测中增强气泡效应从而增大气枪低频部分能量的方法;(3)研究气枪容量、工作压力和沉放深度等对单枪信号的影响及枪阵激发时刻和气枪间距对枪阵信号的影响,指导深部探测中气枪震源工作参数的选择;(4)研究不同类型水底对反射透射系数的影响,其结果对于选择合适的场地条件有指导意义. 相似文献
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为便于开展三维模拟研究,将气枪震源的水下激发过程简化为水中高压气泡的脉动,用ANSYS AUTODYN程序建立了水中高压气泡的三维计算模型,并针对不同的深度和边界条件开展了数值模拟。结果表明,高压气泡会产生水中冲击波和后续的气泡脉动压力波;随着气泡所处深度的增加,气泡的脉动频率越来越大,脉动压力波的幅值越来越大,压力增大的幅度越来越小;足够大的有限水域中的刚性边界会导致气泡脉动频率增加,脉动压力增大;接近水底时,气泡脉动频率减小,脉动压力减小。该三维模拟方法可行,能用于平面和立体气枪阵列等复杂的组合模拟,具有优化震源的效果。 相似文献
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大容量气枪水库激发作为陆地震源的可行性与有效性已经得到成功验证.为进一步提高气枪震源激发效果,本文通过水库气枪激发试验对单枪容量为2000 in3的气枪震源激发子波特征及规律进行了研究.依据近场水听器和远场短周期地震仪记录数据,分析气枪震源沉放深度、工作压力等不同激发条件对压力脉冲和气泡脉冲的影响.有助于人们根据不同尺度地下结构探测对震源激发信号的要求,调整气枪激发参数和激发环境,获得最佳激发效果.试验结果表明：（1）沉放深度对压力脉冲波形影响较小,其优势频率不随沉放深度而改变;（2）随着沉放深度从5 m增加到11 m,气泡脉冲的优势频率由5 Hz增加至7 Hz,其最大振幅亦近线性递增;（3）工作压力越大,激发压力脉冲能量越强,而对气泡脉冲的影响主要体现在主频降低.适合远距离深穿透地下结构探测的低频信号主要来自大容量气枪所激发气泡的反复振荡,由于气枪振荡过程非常复杂,本文通过较为简洁的数学和物理模型进行了解释. 相似文献
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为进一步加深对大容量气枪震源激发的地震波传播特性的认知,利用福建海陆多个气枪震源固定激发点重复激发的实验数据,通过线性叠加和仿真技术得到等效单次激发高信噪比速度和位移记录,然后利用不同震中距的位移峰值计算不同固定点气枪激发的等效震级,进而建立等效震级、震中距和速度峰值的衰减关系。结果表明:(1)震中距为0~270km时,大容量气枪单次激发得到的速度峰值为700~4nm/s,位移峰值为200~0.2nm;(2)总容量为8000 in~3的气枪震源P波等效震级为0.181~0.760,S波等效震级为0.294~0.832,总容量为12000 in~3的气枪震源P波等效震级为0.533~0.896,S波等效震级为0.611~0.946,气枪震源激发产生的S波能量大于P波能量,激发环境不同,激发效能相差较大;(3)速度峰值随等效震级增大而增大,随震中距增大而减小,P波速度峰值三分量中垂直分量最大,S波相反,其垂直分量最小,二者水平分量相近。研究结果可为定量判断气枪震源激发的地震波的传播能力以及利用气枪震源进行深部探测或监测的观测系统的设计提供重要依据。 相似文献
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陆地大容量气枪震源可用于区域尺度地球物理结构及变化的勘测.对气枪震源在有限水体内震源过程的研究,有助于我们深入了解气枪信号机制及气枪信号不同震相产生的成因.然而由于有限水体中大容量气枪激发的复杂物理过程,特别是复杂固液界面的存在,目前却没有较好的理论模型用以描述陆地气枪震源信号的能量传播特征.反投影方法是一种计算震源破裂过程的方法,能在动力学参数有限的情况下得到较优的结果.本文以此提出了一种修改的反投影方法,以用于模拟气枪震源激发过程中的能量分布图像.将气枪的激发分解为五个简化的物理过程,并分别建立数值模型,计算每个模型的理论波场,用作新方法的输入数据.通过对五个数值模型的数据计算发现,该方法可以准确地得到气枪激发后水体中的波场形态的变化,能够分辨出气枪激发过程中的气枪激发、气泡上浮、气泡震荡等过程,刻画能量分布特征,并且发现水听器足够密集与合理布置能达到更好的效果.该方法可以为气枪震源的快速评估及气枪震源的有效应用提供参考. 相似文献
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基于可压缩气泡动力学理论,建立改进的高压气枪震源气泡物理模型,其中考虑气枪气泡系统之间的物质输运效应、气液热传导等多种影响因素.改进模型的计算结果与实验数据吻合良好,且优于传统模型.在此基础上,本文分别探究了特征参数对单枪和双枪气泡动力学特性及流场压力波的影响规律.研究表明气枪开口方式是模拟压力波首脉冲的关键因素,但是对于后续的气泡溃灭脉动压力影响较小;气枪平移运动对气泡的影响可忽略不计;气枪非同步激发可在保证压力波低频段能量不降低的前提下,在一定程度上削弱高频段能量.本研究旨在为深海资源勘探新型气枪的设计提供参考. 相似文献
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以Ziolkowski提出的算法为基础,提出更为准确的气枪震源信号模拟模型。模型引入范德瓦尔斯方程和准静态开放式热力学系统,考虑了气体和水之间的热交换作用、枪口节流作用和气泡上浮因素,并讨论了海面反射对信号的影响,给出了模拟计算过程,最终获得了改进的气枪信号模拟模型。利用模型进行实验,结果表明:(1)海水温度与震源信号能量成正比,与子波信号的信噪比成反比;(2)海面反射造成的陷波效应受实际条件下的海面反射系数和震源沉放深度的影响;(3)气枪的工作压力较高,超出理想气体状态方程的适用范围,应用范式方程可提高模型准确度;(4)改进模型所模拟的气枪子波与气枪激发的实际子波十分吻合。能够精确模拟单枪信号的模型是研究和模拟气枪枪阵信号的基础。现有的大部分模型假设所产生气泡内的气体为理想气体,但由于气枪的工作压力很高,这种假设会导致一定的误差。为了能够精确地模拟气枪信号,在齐奥科斯基算法的基础上,应用范德瓦尔斯方程,建立了新的模型。模型中还引入了准静态开放式热力学系统,考虑了气体和水之间的热交换作用、枪口节流作用和气泡上浮因素,并讨论了海面反射对信号的影响。利用建立的模型进行实验发现:(1)海水温度与震源信号能量成正比,与子波信号的信噪比成反比;(2)海面反射造成的陷波效应受实际条件下的海面反射系数和震源沉放深度的影响;(3)气枪的工作压力较高,超出理想气体状态方程的适用范围,应用范式方程可提高模型准确度;(4)改进模型所模拟的气枪子波与气枪激发的实际子波十分吻合。这些都证明了本文提出的模型能够精确地模拟气枪单枪信号。 相似文献
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以2014年11月福建街面水库气枪震源激发试验观测数据为研究对象,利用基于互相关的时延估计法对不同沉放深度及不同水深的气枪激发展开研究,分析沉放深度及激发环境水深对气枪震源激发信号到时的影响。结果显示:激发位置不变,气枪沉放深度在8—30 m范围内变化时,震中距为13 km的测震台站记录到的气枪信号的首脉冲到时差异很小,而气泡脉冲到时则有明显差异,且随着沉放深度的增加,气泡脉冲信号到时提前,8 m沉放深度与30 m沉放深度气泡脉冲的到时差近80 ms,这种变化与布设在库底的海底地震仪记录到的信号变化相一致,分析认为这种变化与气枪沉放深度增加引起的气枪激发信号的周期减小有关;在不同水位开展的相同沉放深度的激发信号差异不大。因此,应用气枪震源监测地壳介质变化时需注意气枪震源沉放深度变化所带来的影响。 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后,可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流,则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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The depth to the top of magnetic dykes can be estimated from total field aeromagnetic data using the relation between the depth to magnetic sources and the autocorrelation function of magnetic data. By using synthetic anomalies we show that in the ideal case, depth can be determined to an accuracy of 10% or better, when the anomaly sources are two-dimensional dykes. However, the estimated depths depend on the width of the dykes. The estimated depth is about 0.6 times the actual depth to the top of thin dykes, and around the true depth for thick dykes having width-to-depth ratio around 3. The depth is considerably overestimated for very thick dykes (e.g., contacts, which is a special case of the thick dyke). Thus, the autocorrelation method requires that the width-to-depth ratio of the dyke is estimated independently to correctly estimate the depths. Alternatively, it must be assumed that the width-to-depth ratio for the two-dimensional source body is between 1.5 and 4. 相似文献
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As is known, the secular deceleration of the Earth's diurnal rotation is explained mainly by the tidal friction in the ocean. Below we consider this mechanism in some detail, taking into account also elastic deformations of the mantle under the action of ocean loading and the interaction between the tide-generating body, ocean tidal wave, liquid outer core, and solid inner core. It is shown that elastic displacements of the core-mantle boundary under the action of ocean loading are of about the same amplitude and phase as the elastic loading displacements of the Earth's outer surface. As a result, side by side with the mechanism of secular deceleration of diurnal rotation of the mantle, there are also (1) the opposite mechanism of secular acceleration of diurnal rotation of the outer liquid core and of the solid inner core and (2) the mechanism of excitation of differential rotation in the liquid core. Taking these effects into account, we compare theoretical and modern observed data on the eastward drift of the solid inner core. It is shown that the best agreement may be obtained if the turbulent viscosity of the liquid core is about 2 × 10
3
Poise 相似文献
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On data of bottom sampling, carried out by means of grab, trawl and underwater photography in August–September of 1993 in the area of the Pechora Sea, quantitative regularities of macrobenthos distribution are described for the ecological monitoring purposes. Maps of -biodiversity and biomass indices, bottom communities and trophic zones, singled out by dominant method, are presented. Assessment of structure changes of the investigated area bottom communities during the last 60–70 years is fulfilled. It is shown that the described communities on the whole are of natural undisturbed character and that the revealed changes are within the natural fluctuations in the abundance of benthic populations or may be interpreted in terms of methodical differences in the data analysis and generalization by different authors. 相似文献
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地震激励下处于深水中的桥墩和周围水体的相互作用将对桥梁结构的动力响应产生较大影响。首先对地震作用下水-桥墩的相互作用理论做了概括,给出了动水压力对桥墩的作用效应及各自的适用范围;对主要的三种考虑流固耦合效应的分析方法做了对比,探讨了地震作用下影响水-结构相互作用的主要因素,并对今后的研究提出了建议。 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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在数据完整率达到95%的基础上,为进一步确保中国大陆构造环境监测网络GNSS基准站观测数据质量,选取2010—2020年全国基准站观测数据,采用TEQC软件进行质量检验,分类整理其中多路径效应计算结果呈典型特征的台站,结合观测环境状态,对多路径效应存在的区域性特征进行分析,发现除接收机天线周围发生遮挡外,硬件更换、台站周围地势差等因素,均对多路径效应产生不同程度的影响,可为建站选址和观测环境监测工作提供参考。 相似文献