共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
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为考虑结构的存在对反应加速度法中地震输入荷载的影响,基于《城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范》（GB 50909—2014）中的反应加速度法,提出将土-结构模型转换为自由场模型的等效方式进行地震反应分析。采用等效自由场进行地震输入荷载计算,近似地考虑了结构的存在对地震输入荷载的影响,以期提高反应加速度法的计算精度。使用有限元软件ABAQUS,采用改进前后反应加速度法对日本大开车站不同工况下的地震反应进行计算。研究结果表明,采用等效自由场计算的地震输入荷载有效提高了反应加速度法的计算精度。在验证等效方式有效性的基础上,分析等效模型宽度的选取对反应加速度法计算结果的影响,建议等效模型边界至结构侧边的距离取为1～3倍结构宽度。 相似文献
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桩-土-上部结构体系的动力相互作用是一个复杂的过程,尤其是在倾斜液化侧向扩展流动（侧扩流）场地中,由于地震过程中场地产生地面永久大变形,桩土间有可能产生错动滑移与开裂等非线性反应,因此桩-土相互作用模拟至关重要。为了探究桩-土非线性接触对倾斜液化场地-群桩基础-上部结构体系动力响应的影响,本文基于OpenSees分别建立了考虑桩-土相互作用弹簧和桩土结点之间直接绑定的有限元数值模型。结果表明：考虑桩-土相互作用Pyliq弹簧时,土体加速度幅值略微降低,桩基对土体的约束明显变弱,土体残余位移增大。同时,具有Pyliq弹簧的模型能较好地模拟桩的曲率响应,而采用桩土结点直接绑定的模型高估了桩顶曲率,进而无法准确估计桩基抗弯最不利位置。桩-土相互作用弹簧对上部结构动力响应的影响较小。 相似文献
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随着地下空间大规模开发利用,地震灾害对其造成的潜在威胁不容忽视。基于《城市轨道交通结构抗震设计规范(GB50909-2014)》和《地下铁道建筑结构抗震设计规范(DG/TJ08-2064-2009)》建议的分析方法,选取惯性力法、反应位移法(国家规范法、上海规范法)、动力时程方法(线弹性方法、等效线性化方法)三类共5种计算方法,以典型两层双柱三跨地铁车站结构为分析对象进行地震反应的对比验算,对上述计算方法的适应性进行评价。分析结果表明,与动力时程方法相比较,惯性力法计算得到的侧墙剪力值偏大,中柱结果较为接近;对于反应位移法,国家规范方法和上海规范方法的计算模型略有不同,但两者计算结果基本相近,其中土体强制位移、集中地基弹簧、土体动剪切模量等参数取值对计算结果影响显著;对于动力时程方法,线弹性方法和等效线性化方法的结果较为接近,且变化趋势相同。 相似文献
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为研究曲线桥梁在多维地震激励下考虑桩-土动力相互作用的地震响应特性,本文建立了空间桩-土脱离、摩阻和土体压缩非线性理论分析模型。为简化计算将该非线性弹簧模型进行线性化处理,结合有限元ANSYS分析平台建立了黄土场地的曲线桥仿真分析模型,对考虑桩-土相互作用的曲线桥进行了多维多工况数值分析,对比研究了曲线主梁跨中弯矩、墩底剪力和弯矩及桥墩顶位移的地震响应。结果表明:考虑桩-土相互作用的曲线桥梁主梁跨中内力与地震波输入方向密切相关,三维地震作用下主梁内力最大;各工况地震荷载作用下桥墩底部径向剪力响应比切向剪力响应大很多,而桥墩径向弯矩比切向弯矩略小;同一工况下不同桥墩顶切向位移响应大小相当,而径向位移差异较大。在进行非规则曲线桥梁抗震设计时,应充分考虑多维和单维地震激励输入工况。 相似文献
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当前桩基础的抗震设计仅采取构造措施来保证其抗震性能,有可能会过高或过低地估计桩基础的抗震性能。针对某桥梁桩基础的抗震设计,建立全桥的三维有限元模型,计算在桩-土-结构共同工作情况下桩基础的地震响应,通过输入不同地震波来进行对比分析,并对结果进行复核,得出:(1)桩身内力响应与所输入地震动的频谱特性有关,桩身沿横桥方向的内力最大;(2)对于该场地的桥梁桩基础,桩-土-结构共同工作的有限元分析结果与m法结果差别不大;(3)当承台埋深为0时,桩身内力基本都偏大,要对承台侧土体做相应的加固处理。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2016,(6)
为了研究非一致地震输入以及考虑土体介质阻尼的自由波场对大型地铁车站动力响应的影响,发展了一种可考虑土体介质阻尼影响的自由波场一维化时域有限元算法,并编制了相应的非一致地震波动等效荷载的Matlab计算程序;以一典型两层双柱岛式地铁车站为工程背景,建立三维地铁车站结构-土相互作用系统的整体有限元数值模型,开展动力时程实例分析。计算结果表明:与地震波一致输入情形相比,地震波非一致输入将引起地铁车站结构的控制内力和层间位移分布及其幅值发生明显变化;与不考虑土体介质阻尼的地震波动输入相比,在考虑土体介质阻尼的地震波动输入下,地铁车站结构的控制内力和最大层间位移均有一定幅度的减小,且减小幅度随波动入射角的增大而增大。本文分析表明,非一致地震波动输入及土体介质阻尼对大型地铁车站结构的动力时程响应均有一定影响。 相似文献
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基于北京地区典型地铁车站结构的大型振动台试验建立了有限差分-颗粒流离散元耦合模型,对车站结构模型的地震响应和破坏现象进行了模拟分析。在耦合计算模型中,土体采用连续模型,结构采用颗粒流离散元模型模拟,在FLAC边界节点处建立接触面,将FLAC在大应变模式计算的位移通过接触面传输给PFC;并将颗粒与接触面计算的相互作用力传输给FLAC,作为施加在各节点上的力,从而实现并行耦合运算。结果表明,模型的计算结果与试验结果拟合得较好;地震加载过程中,柱板、墙板节点为地铁车站模型结构的薄弱部位;模型的整个破坏过程和能量转化过程分为3个阶段进行;颗粒孔隙率、配位数和接触力的变化以及能量的转化规律能够反映结构的破坏过程。 相似文献
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基于饱和两相介质弹性波动方程分析SV波在饱和土体自由表面的反射问题,引入波动方程的势函数解答,求解出二维问题中SV波入射情况下饱和土体自由场的位移、速度、加速度和应力响应。在饱和土体自由场响应解析解基础上,建立SV波入射下饱和土体自由场静、动力有限元模型。建模中考虑了如下几方面因素:(1)在不同分析步,对土体单元赋予不同材料本构。通过*model change命令进行单元生死设定,从而实现在初始应力场平衡的静力状态下采用DuncanChang本构模型,而地震波动输入时采用Davidenkov动力本构模型;(2)采用多孔介质黏弹性人工边界条件,在人工边界上分别施加固相和液相介质的弹簧和阻尼来模拟饱和土体中能量的传播;(3)将地震波转化为作用在人工边界上的等效地震荷载,施加到人工边界节点上;(4)土体单元采用4结点平面应变孔压单元(CPE4P)。有限元计算与解析解比较结果表明:SV波在垂直入射和掠入射时,竖向位移响应为零;在45°左右入射时,水平位移响应最大;60°左右入射时,竖向位移响应最大。这些结论与解析解吻合较好,本文模型为建立土-结构动力相互作用模型打下良好的基础。 相似文献
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冲刷造成桩周土体的剥蚀将会削弱土体对桩基的侧向支撑能力,冲刷效应会对桥梁桩基的地震易损性产生影响,因此有必要对冲刷和地震共同作用下桥梁桩基的易损性进行研究。利用SAP2000软件建立三维桥梁有限元模型,通过非线性时程分析得到桥梁桩基地震响应峰值。采用概率性地震需求分析方法,建立不同冲刷深度下桥梁桩基地震易损性模型,在地震易损性函数假设为对数正态分布函数的基础上,通过回归分析得到概率模型中的参数,进而得到不同冲刷深度下桥梁桩基在不同破坏状态所对应的地震易损性曲线,并分析冲刷深度对桩基破坏概率的影响。研究结果表明:随着冲刷深度的增加,桥梁桩基在地震作用下的破坏概率显著增加。 相似文献
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Verifying adequacy of the seismic deformation method by using real examples of earthquake damage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
In a seismic design, the dynamic loads are generally dependent on the inertial interaction caused by earthquake. But for the foundations embedded in soil, the dynamic loads are influenced by both the inertial and kinematic interactions among superstructure, foundation and soil. Especially, when a foundation is embedded in soft surface ground, the effects due to the kinematic interaction increase and should be considered in seismic design. For this reason, a method called seismic deformation method (SDM), which is suitable for an intensive earthquake motion (level 2 earthquake motion), has been stipulated recently in a new design code called Seismic Design Code for railway structures (the Railway Code, drawn up by Railway Technical Research Institute, Japan, 1999) [Railway Technical Research Institute. Seismic Design Code for railway structures. Tokyo: Maruzen; 1999]. In order to grasp the suitability of the SDM to actual structures, pile foundations, which experienced the Hyogoken-Nanbu earthquake, were taken as the objects for investigations. Comparison studies between the SDM analysis and reconnaissance were conducted. As a result, the adequacy of the SDM to actual foundations was confirmed to prove good agreement between the two results from the viewpoint of engineering practice.In addition, determination of indices for seismic-performance evaluation and speculation of damage mechanism of the foundations are also discussed in this paper. 相似文献
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生命线基础设施抗震安全对我国防震减灾与抗震救灾工作具有重要意义,铁路桥梁更是关乎人员转移与物质运输的安全与稳定。基于地震区铁路桥梁震害资料分析和震害调查研究,结合我国铁路桥梁抗震设计工作的经验、教训及相关科研成果,我国陆续出版了3本《铁路工程抗震设计规范》。文章回顾我国铁路桥梁抗震设计规范60年的发展历程,对我国开展铁路桥梁抗震设计工作的历史时期进行划分;通过对比和总结1977、1987、2009年颁布的《铁路工程抗震设计规范》中的铁路桥梁部分,发现该系列规范的发展逐步体现了基于性能的设计理念,场地分类更加精细,地震作用考虑更为科学,且对于铁路桥梁的抗震构造措施有了更加明确的规定。研究可为改进和完善地震区铁路桥梁震害预测方法提供参考依据。 相似文献
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The influence of nonlinearity on the dynamic response of cast-in-situ reinforced concrete piles subjected to strong vertical excitation was studied. Forced vibration test of single piles (L/d=10, 15, 20) and 2×2 pile groups (s/d=2, 3, 4 for each L/d) were conducted in the field for two different embedded conditions of pile cap. From the measured nonlinear response curves, the effective pile–soil system mass, stiffness and damping were determined and the nonlinear response curves were back-calculated using the theory of nonlinear vibration. The test results were compared with the continuum approach of Novak with dynamic interaction factor approach using both linear and linear-equivalent numerical methods. Reasonable match between the measured and predicted response was found for linear-equivalent methods by introducing a weak boundary-zone around the pile to approximately account for the nonlinear behaviour of pile–soil system. The test data were used to establish the empirical relationship in order to estimate the extent of soil separation around the pile with soil under vertical vibration. 相似文献
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Different levels of model sophistication have recently emerged to support seismic risk assessment of bridges, but mostly at the expense of neglecting the influence of vertical ground motions (VGMs). In this paper, the influence of VGMs on bridge seismic response is presented and the results are compared with the case of horizontal‐only excitations. An advanced finite element model that accounts for VGMs is first developed. Then, to investigate the effect of soil–structure interaction (SSI) including liquefaction potential, the same bridge with soil‐foundation and fixed boundary conditions is also analyzed. Results show that the inclusion of the VGMs has a significant influence on the seismic response, especially for the axial force in columns, normal force of bearings, and the vertical deck bending moments. However, VGMs do not have as much influence on the seismic demand of the pile cap displacements or pile maximum axial forces. Also, the significant fluctuation of the column axial force can reduce its shear and flexural capacity, and a heightened reversal of flexural effects may induce damage in the deck. In addition, relative to the fixed base case, SSI effects tend to reduce response quantities for certain ground motions while increasing demands for others. This phenomenon is explained as a function of the frequency content of the ground motions, the shift in natural vertical periods, and the VGM spectral accelerations at higher modes. Moreover, the mechanisms of liquefaction are isolated relative to SSI effects in nonliquefiable soils, revealing the influence of liquefaction on bridge response under VGMs. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
17.
The seismic response of one section of a 23 km strategic urban overpass to be built in the so‐called transition and hill zones in Mexico City is presented. The subsoil conditions at these zones typically consist on soft to stiff clay and medium to dense sand deposits, randomly interbedded by loose sand lenses, and underlain by rock formations that may outcrop in some areas. Several critical supports of this overpass are going to be instrumented with accelerometers, inclinometers and extensometers, tell tales and end pile cell pressures to assess their seismic performance during future earthquakes and to generate a database to calibrate soil–structure interaction numerical models. This paper presents the seismic performance evaluation of the critical supports located in one section of the overpass. Sets of finite elements models of the soil–foundation–structure systems were developed. Initially, the model was calibrated analyzing the seismic response that an instrumented bridge support exhibited during the June 15th, 1999 Tehuacan (Mw = 7) Earthquake. This bridge is located also within the surroundings of Mexico City, but in the lake zone, where highly compressible clays are found. The computed response was compared with the measured response in the free field, pile‐box foundation and bridge deck. Once the model prediction capabilities were established, the seismic response of the critical supports of the urban overpass was evaluated for the design earthquake in terms of transfer functions and displacement time histories. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Centrifuge modelling of raked piles 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
Sandra Escoffier Jean-Louis Chazelas Jacques Garnier 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2008,6(4):689-704
Inclined piles are prohibited by many codes in seismic areas. Nevertheless the battered effect has not yet been clarified
because very few data are available. The present work is a comparison, at reduced scale in the centrifuge, of the response
of two simplified pile groups: a 1 × 2 vertical piles and 1 × 2 pile group with one inclined pile. Two configurations are
considered: end-bearing and floating pile group, both with pile heads rigidly fixed with a massive cap. First, repeatability
tests under horizontal cyclic loading were performed on both floating pile groups. Secondly, repeated horizontal impact tests
were performed on both end-bearing pile groups. These impact tests, which highlight the influence of inclined piles on the
inertial response of a group, are a first step for the more complex analysis of the performance of such groups under seismic
loads where inertial and kinematic interactions are combined. The first part of this work revealed the influence of sand structure
around the inclined pile tip on the repeatability of the tests performed on floating pile groups. The second part highlighted
differences in the dynamic response between the two end-bearing pile groups through measurements of the pile cap acceleration,
the bending moment profile and the axial load in the piles. 相似文献
19.
To explore the seismic performance of a high-rise pile cap foundation with riverbed scour, a finite element model for foundations
is introduced in the OpenSees finite element framework. In the model, a fiber element is used to simulate the pile shaft,
a nonlinear p-y element is used to simulate the soil-pile interaction, and the p-factor method is used to reflect the group effects. A global and local scour model is proposed, in which two parameters,
the scour depth of the same row of piles and the difference in the scour depth of the upstream pile and the downstream pile,
are included to study the influence of scour on the foundation. Several elasto-plastic static pushover analyses are performed
on this finite element model. The analysis results indicate that the seismic capacity (or supply) of the foundation is in
the worst condition when the predicted deepest global scout depth is reached, and the capacity becomes larger when the local
scour depth is below the predicted deepest global scout depth. Therefore, to evaluate the seismic capacity of a foundation,
only the predicted deepest global scout depth should be considered. The method used in this paper can be also applied to foundations
with other soil types. 相似文献