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1.
包尚联 《CT理论与应用研究》1998,(3)
本文介绍了国际医用磁共振协会及其主办的国际会议情况,即ＩｎｔｅｒｎａｔｉｏｎａｌＳｏｃｉｅｔｙｆｏｒＲｅｓｏｎａｎｃｅｉｎＭｅｄｉｃｉｎｅ－ＩＳＭＲＭ。该协会代表了世界上医用磁共振成像方面的最高水平,从第４次年会开始,会议在每年的４月份进行。本文作者参加了１９９７年在加拿大温哥华召开和１９９８年在澳大利亚悉尼召开的年会。会议主要讨论的题目包括功能磁共成像（ｆＭＲＩ）,结构磁共振成像（ａＭＲＩ）波谱成像（ＭＲＩ／Ｓ）和血管造影等方面的内容,以及磁共振成像技术协会方面关于诊断方法,显像增强剂技术,磁共振成像设备及其部件技术,以及数据处理方面的技术进步等课题。推动该领域发展的主要动力显然是对人类自身的研究和对疾病诊疗的需要,尤其对脑功能研究、功能性疾病的诊断和治疗的需要。但是磁共振成像目前在心脏、肺脏以至软骨方面的诊断已经有很大进步,在设备技术和数据处理方法方面的进步同样也是很快的。 相似文献
2.
云南地区处于印度板块与欧亚板块中国大陆碰撞带的东缘,地壳运动剧烈,活动块体特征明显,中强以上地震频发,是研究大震活动规律的理想场所。通过过去一个世纪的6.7级以上地震活动的时空分布以及地震动力分析认为,云南地区存在的4个具东西交替活动特征的地震活跃期,可能是东、西部各自地震活跃与平静过程叠加的结果,100a左右可能出现1次东、西部同时爆发大震的时段;云南地区地震活动与外围地区存在较好的呼应关系,安达曼-缅甸弧形带的巨震活动对云南地区地震活跃期的启动有一定的指示意义,而云南东部强震也与四川西部大震密切相关,四川大震活动往往滞后于云南地区;中强地震连发—平静—首发大震可能是云南以东部为活动主体的地震活跃期的启动模式。这些认识对云南地区大震预测、地震机理以及板缘动力学研究会有所帮助 相似文献
3.
Structure and Significance of S-wave Velocity and Poisson’s Ratio in the Crust beneath the Eastern Side of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The receiver functions of body waves of distant earthquakes obtained for the regions beneath 41 digital stations (Lhasa and
GANZ in Tibet, Mandalay and Rangoon in Myanmar, SHIO in India, CHTO in Thailand, and station network in Sichuan and Yunnan)
were used to invert for S-wave structure in the crust and upper mantle in Sichuan, Yunnan, and their surrounding areas. Meanwhile
the distribution characteristics of the Poisson’s ration and the crustal thickness in Sichuan and Yunnan areas were also obtained.
Results indicate that the depth of Moho beneath the eastern side of Qinghai-Tibetan plateau varies strikingly. It is obvious
that the greatest changes in crustal thickness occur in a north-south direction. The crustal thickness decreases from north
to south, being as thick as 70 km in eastern Tibet, the northern portion of our area of interest, and less than 30 km in Chaing
Mai and Rangoon, the southern portion of our area. There are, however, exceptions regarding the trend. The thickness exhibits
an east-west variation trend in the area from Ma’erkong-Kongding in Sichuan to Lijiang in Yunnan. In general the Jinpingshan-Longmenshan
fault and Anninghe fault can be taken as the boundaries of this exception area. The thickness in Kongding in the west is 68 km,
while it is only 39 km in Yongchuan in the east. Moreover the Poisson’s ratio values in the blocks of central Sichuan and
Sichuan-Yunnan Diamond are high, and a low velocity layer in the crust of this area can be obviously detected. The distribution
characteristics of the high Poisson’s ratio and the low velocity of the crust in this block correspond to the tectonic structure,
being in contrast with the surrounding areas. Combining with the distribution features of the modern tectonic stress field,
it is deduced that the Sichuan-Yunnan area is probably the channel through which the materials of the lithosphere flow eastward. 相似文献
4.
This study investigated the subcellular distribution of Cu, Zn, Cd and Ag in liver of mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), spot-billed duck (A. poecilorhyncha) and great cormorant (Phalacrocorax carbo) to better understand metal fractionation and dynamics in avian liver. Most of the total Cu, Zn, Cd and Ag were present in hepatocytosol, and their concentrations increased with total hepatic levels in all the three avian species. Copper, Zn and Cd in hepatocytosol were present mostly in metallothionein fractions (MTs), and Cu and Cd contents in this fraction were positively correlated with hepatocytosol levels in all the species. Silver was observed mostly in both high-molecular weight and MT fractions in hepatocytosol in mallard and great cormorant, whereas it was present in both low-molecular weight and MT fractions in spot-billed duck, suggesting that distribution of Ag in the hepatocytosol was species-specific. The elution profile of metals in MT fractions revealed six metallic peaks in mallard and spot-billed duck, and three peaks in great cormorant, implying the presence of multiple MT isoforms in the liver of these avian species. The present study demonstrated that MTs are closely associated with metal regulation, especially Cu and Cd, in these three aquatic birds. 相似文献
5.
Nineteen trace elements were determined in liver, muscle, kidney, gonads, and hair of 18 harp seals (Phoca groenlandica) from Pangnirtung in the Baffin Island, Canada. Concentrations of V, Mn, Fe, Cu, Mo, Ag, and Hg in the liver, Co, Cd, and Tl in the kidney, and Ba and Pb in the hair were significantly higher than those in other tissues. Significant positive correlations between Hg concentrations in the hair, and liver, kidney and testis imply usefulness of the hair sample for non-destructive monitoring of Hg in the harp seals. It is suggested that whereas Hg preferentially accumulates in the liver, the accumulation in other tissues is induced at higher hepatic Hg levels. In contrast, Se may not be accumulated in other tissues compared with the liver even at higher hepatic Hg levels because of the presence of excess Se for Hg detoxification in other tissues. 相似文献
6.
Biomonitoring with benthic macroalgae and direct assay of heavy metals in seawater of the Oporto coast (northwest Portugal) 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M.C.Fernanda Leal M.Teresa Vasconcelos Isabel Sousa-pinto João P.S. Cabral 《Marine pollution bulletin》1997,34(12):1006-1015
The concentrations of dissolved Cd, Cu, Hg and Pb in seawater and algae (Enteromorpha spp. and Porphyra spp.) were determined in parallel on three beaches located in the Oporto coast (Portugal), during 8 successive months, comprising periods of low and high biological productivity. The concentrations of dissolved metals in seawater varied markedly during the sampling period and exhibited seasonality. The concentrations of Cd were high in autumn and winter, but low in spring. The concentrations of Cu and Hg were high in autumn, low in winter and peaked in May. The concentrations of Pb were low in autumn and winter, and also peaked in May. It is likely that biological activity was, at least partially, responsible for the observed seasonal changes. The mean concentrations of dissolved metals in seawater were similar to those reported for polluted and industrialized european coastal areas. Metal concentration factors, calculated month-to-month for each alga, metal and site, varied markedly during the sampling period, indicating that concentration factors based on single or few determinations could be misleading. On the contrary, mean concentration factors (calculated by dividing the mean metal concentration in the algae by the mean metal concentration in seawater) were relatively constant at all three sites, indicating that in the Oporto coast, Enteromorpha spp. can be used to estimate the mean concentration of dissolved Cd, Cu and Hg in seawater, and Porphyra spp., the mean concentration of Cd, Cu and Pb. However, considering that future estimates of the concentrations of these metals in seawater should be based on determinations of the metal contents in Enteromorpha spp. and Porphyra spp. carried out on several occasions spanning a considerable period of time, the use of these algae as monitors of heavy metal pollution can have limited practical advantages over the direct assay of the metals in seawater. 相似文献
7.
低洼盐碱地鱼虾混养塘中的浮游生物 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
1997年5～9月低洼盐碱地鱼虾混养塘中的浮游生物数量与生物量的月变化特点为：浮游植物中隐藻，裸藻与硅藻生物量在实验期间较高，蓝藻与绿藻在数量上占优势，进入秋季后蓝灌数量逐渐超过绿藻，浮游动物中原生动物，桡足类数量分别在5、6月份占优势；桡足类生物量这两个月占绝对优势，轮虫，原生动物的数量分别在7、8月份优势明显，结果表明实验期间小型浮游生物数量增加，分析表明，低洼盐碱地池塘水体浮游生物的变化与水体营养盐的含量，水产经济活动（鱼虾），水温等因素密切相关。 相似文献
8.
目的:探讨胸部CT及CT淋巴管成像（CTL）在原发性肺淋巴管扩张症（CPL）的诊断价值。材料及方法:回顾性分析2012年8月至2021年7月41例经临床及影像确诊为CPL患者的临床及影像学资料,所有患者均于直接淋巴管造影术（DLG）前行胸部CT检查,并于DLG后行CTL检查,分析胸部CT及CTL图像,所得结果采用分类变量资料中的构成比进行统计描述。结果:41例患者中胸部CT表现为支气管血管束增粗33例,小叶间隔增厚32例,小叶内间质增厚4例,磨玻璃密度影26例,肺实变5例,肺不张14例,胸腔积液24例。CTL碘油异常沉积于胸导管末端35例,支气管血管束31例,肺门32例,胸膜17例,纵膈36例,心包17例,横膈3例,腹腔内10例,腹膜后10例,盆腔及会阴20例。结论:CT和CTL可显示淋巴管异常的范围及分布,为CPL诊断和治疗提供影像学依据。 相似文献
9.
Various types of endocrine disruptors or environmental hormones flow from their sources down into harbours through rivers and other watercourses, and are accumulated in sediment on the sea bottom. Tributyltin, which has been used as paint for ship bottoms, is considered one of the endocrine disruptors.In close cooperation with the other ministries and agencies, the Ports and Harbours Bureau of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport carried out an investigation in 1999 to determine the actual condition of 12 endocrine disruptors in the sediment of 39 harbours, in order to gather fundamental data to be used in future examinations of policy. Furthermore, in 2000 the bureau chose seven harbours out of the above 39 harbours as subjects of an additional investigation regarding the surface distribution of endocrine disruptors in the harbour areas and the synchronistic change of accumulation of dioxin and other substances. As the result of the investigation regarding the surface distribution of endocrine disruptors accumulated in seven harbours, relatively high concentrations were measured in the innermost parts of harbours and the mouths of rivers. Synchronistic changes in the amount of dioxin and other substances accumulated in sediments of five harbours were determined. Small amounts of dioxin and other substances, including an especially small amount of coplanar-PCBs, were found in the layers formed before or around 1950. Relatively large amounts of these substances were measured in the upper layers formed during roughly 1960-1990, though no significant yearly differences in concentration could be identified. This result coincides with the facts that, during roughly 1960-1980, PCP and CNP were used as agricultural chemicals and full-scale production of PCBs started in 1960. 相似文献
10.
A mathematical model based on average long-term data on water temperature, illumination, transparency, and nutrient content is used to calculate annual variations in the concentrations of organic and inorganic fractions of nutrients (C, N, Si, and P) in ten water areas in the Caspian Sea. The eutrophication of sea environment is examined with special emphasis on the increase in the biomass of aquatic animals (in particular, phyto- and zooplankton), the rate and duration of periods of plankton blooming, and changes in the conditions of nutrient limiting of primary production processes in different parts of the sea. Relationships between the inorganic components of N and P in river runoff and sea water areas are established. The obtained Nmin/DIP ratios show P primary production to be limited in the zone of influence of the Volga runoff, P and N primary production to be limited in other northern parts of the sea, and N primary production to be mainly limited in the middle and southern parts of the sea. 相似文献
11.
V. N. Mikhailov D. V. Magritsky V. I. Kravtsova M. V. Mikhailova M. V. Isupova 《Water Resources》2012,39(1):11-43
Regularities in the response of the mouths of major rivers, flowing into the Caspian Sea, to large-scale variations in its
level and river water runoff and sediment yield are considered. Changes in the morphological structure and hydrological regime
of the Volga, Terek, Sulak, Ural, and Kura mouths have been analyzed in both geological past and separately for three modern
periods: a considerable drop in Caspian Sea level before 1978, its abrupt rise in 1978–1995, and a relative stabilization
in the subsequent years. Specific features were identified in the hydrological-morphological processes in different mouths,
caused by the differences in river sediment yields, and the slopes of delta surface and mouth nearshore beds. Some theoretical
and methodological approaches were verified in the analysis and evaluation of the processes under consideration. The obtained
results of studies of the mouths of rivers flowing into the Caspian Sea can be regarded as examples and analogues in the assessment
of processes, which take place at the mouths of other Russian and world rivers at present and can take place in the future
under anticipated natural and anthropogenic variations in sea level and river runoff. 相似文献
12.
持久性有机污染物在中国湖泊生物中分布与富集的研究进展 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
持久性有机污染物(POPs)在环境中分布广泛且持久存在并具有高生物富集性,通常具有致癌、致畸、致突变等危害.湖泊是POPs的主要环境归宿之一,湖泊中的POPs可被水生生物富集并通过食物网传递,对生态系统及人体健康构成极大的危害.中国是POPs生产及使用大国,也是世界上湖泊较多的国家之一.湖泊生物尤其是水产品是中国人饮食中的重要组成部分,因此POPs在中国湖泊生物体中的富集对当地的生态系统和人体健康存在很大的潜在危害.本文通过收集、分析1997年—2017年7月公开发表的中国湖泊生物体POPs数据,发现中国湖泊生物中POPs富集研究主要集中在东部平原湖区,青藏高原及云贵高原湖区有少量研究;不同POPs在不同湖区湖泊生物中富集的含量存在较大差异,DDTs和HCHs在各湖区生物中普遍检出且存在明显差异,东部平原湖区生物体内多氯联苯、多溴联苯醚含量高于其他湖区生物体内含量,其他POPs在湖泊生物体内的富集研究相对较少且主要集中在东部湖泊.中国湖泊生物中DDTs、HCHs、多环芳烃、多氯联苯、多溴联苯醚、多氯苯并二英和多氯苯并呋喃、全氟化合物、全氟辛酸、有机锡及六溴环十二烷脂肪归一化后的平均含量分别为454.56±653.40、153.57±435.99、2849.49±3092.52、118.40±20.28、18.40±20.28、17.43±19.43、147.17±192.93、1542.18±1347.64、11380.75±5316.75和2.19±1.92 ng/g.POPs在中国湖泊生物体内的含量水平与生物所处营养级、脂肪含量和年龄呈正相关,但并非完全一致,还受到生活习性、生物物种与结构、生存环境及生物量等多种因素的影响;生物不同组织对POPs的富集能力有较大差异,内脏器官对POPs的富集能力明显高于肌肉组织. 相似文献
13.
鄱阳湖流域干旱气候特征研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
本文利用鄱阳湖流域127个站点1960-2007年逐日降水和温度资料,选用Z指数对鄱阳湖流域的气象干旱进行分析,并将干旱分为偏旱、大旱和特旱三个等级.研究结果表明鄱阳湖流域干旱基本呈现出南少北多、南强北弱的空间分布形式.鄱阳湖流域7-12月发生的干旱以偏旱为主,大旱和特旱主要出现在1-6月.线性趋势变化分析表明,2000年以来干旱范围和干旱强度均呈现出增加的趋势,其中,2003、2004和2007年的干旱较为严重.2003年大部分月份偏旱范围广、强度大,全年大旱和特旱出现的范围均较小,但3-4月和6-7月的大旱和特旱强度较大;2004年大部分月份偏旱范围和强度均相对较小,但在3月和6月出现范围较大且强度较强的大旱和特旱;2007年干旱分布更为极端,仅在7、10和11月出现范围较广或强度较大的偏旱,而在5月集中出现面积超过80%的大旱和特旱. 相似文献
14.
目的:观察IgG4相关硬化性胆管炎（IgG4-SC）的CT和MRI表现,探究初诊患者影像特征与血清IgG4、IgG水平的关系。方法:总结50例IgG4-SC初诊患者的临床、实验室及影像资料,通过MRCP观察病变分型、管腔狭窄形态与扩张程度;增强MRI和CT观察管壁增厚、强化模式及合并其他IgG4-RD的数量,分析基线血清IgG4及IgG水平与胆管病变和合并其他IgG4-RD数量的相关性。结果:初诊41例MRCP见Ⅰ型IgG4-SC 28例,Ⅱa型11例,Ⅲ型、Ⅳ型各1例;肝外胆管狭窄端呈漏斗状37例、截断状4例,狭窄段均为长狭窄（≥1.0 cm）,其中1例胰腺段狭窄伴憩室样外凸;狭窄上游胆管扩张37例,不扩张4例。初诊42例增强MRI/CT均显示肝外胆管壁连续性增厚,15例见肝内胆管壁弥漫性增厚,管壁增厚呈向心性。50例IgG4-SC均合并AIP,其他受累器官还包括肾19例、涎腺7例、腹膜后纤维化5例、肝4例、肺4例、前列腺2例、硬化性纵隔炎2例、胆囊壁增厚20例及上腹部淋巴结肿大15例。基线血清IgG4、IgG水平升高与合并其他IgG4-RD的数量呈正相关,而与胆管壁厚度、狭窄段长度不相关。结论:胆管局限性狭窄伴上游胆管扩张或不扩张以及管壁弥漫性增厚是IgG4-SC初诊患者的特征性MRI和CT表现。基线血清IgG4及IgG水平升高与胆管病变的严重程度无关,而与合并其他IgG4-RD的数量有关。 相似文献
15.
对中国大陆地壳水平变形的初步探索 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
根据全国ＧＰＳ网１９９４和１９９６年两期观测资料的处理结果,讨论了中国大陆地区现阶段应变场和应力场。青藏亚板块的西部和东部张应变起主导作用,中部压应变占优势,主压应变方向为北北东向;青藏亚板块东南部东南段云南地区的主压应变方向为北西向,压应变和张应变量级相当。新疆亚板块的主压应役北北东向至北东向为主,应变量存在差别。华北亚板块的主压应变方向是北东至近东西向为主导,局部地段存在差别,大部分地区压应变 相似文献
16.
The carbon cycle between the deep Earth and the atmosphere(i.e., the deep carbon cycle) can significantly affect the global climate on both long and short time scales. Although carbon in the deep Earth can be released to the atmosphere in many ways, plate subduction is the only pathway for the return of carbon from the surface to the deep Earth. Owing to diversity in the forms of carbon and the special physicochemical property of carbonates, the behavior of carbon and carbonates in subduction zones significantly affects the products of subduction processes, the oxygen fugacity in subduction zones, and the activation and migration of elements during the crust-mantle interaction. Therefore, the carbon cycle in subduction zones plays an important role in maintaining a habitable climate by regulating the atmospheric CO_2 concentration, which significantly affects the global climate, and in causing fundamental changes in the physical and chemical properties of the mantle that result in a heterogeneous mantle. In this study, we review and discuss previous studies and scientific problems regarding the carbon cycle in subduction zones from four aspects: observation and tracing of the carbon cycle, migration and variation of carbon during subduction,carbon flux, and the effect of the carbon cycle. 相似文献
17.
1976-2015年柴达木盆地湖泊演变及其对气候变化和人类活动的响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
柴达木盆地众多的湖泊不仅对维持当地脆弱的生态环境具有极其重要的作用,而且中心盐湖也是重要的矿产资源.进入21世纪以来,受气候变化和人类活动的共同影响,盆地湖泊发生了一系列重大变化.为科学认识这一问题,选取了1976-2015年6期Landsat系列卫星影像,解译了该区域1 km2以上的湖泊水面,并分析了湖泊变化对气候和人类活动的响应.结果表明：柴达木盆地湖泊面积总体上存在扩张（1976-1990年）萎缩（1990-2000年）扩张（2000-2010年）萎缩（2010-2015年）4个阶段的变化过程,2010年湖泊面积最大,2015年湖泊又明显萎缩.就气候水文因素而言,湖泊面积变化主要受山区降水径流的影响.湖面变化与前3 a的降水径流关系最为密切.进入21世纪以来,气候变化与上游社会经济耗水、盐湖周边人为阻隔河湖连通、开采卤水、修建人工盐田、排放老卤等人类活动,对盆地中心湖泊的空间格局、面积都产生了显著影响,苦水沟、达布逊湖南部形成了新湖泊,鸦湖、团结湖面积显著扩大,东、西台吉乃尔湖逐渐萎缩、干涸,一里平湖由以前的干盐湖在2010年一跃成为盆地最大的湖泊.针对盐湖大规模开发产生的负面影响,提出了合理开发盐湖资源的建议. 相似文献
18.
Spatio-temporal changes and their relationship in water resources and agricultural disasters across China 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Changes in monthly streamflow and the potential influences and feedbacks of agricultural activities are investigated. Significant decreases in streamflow are observed in northern China, including the Yellow, Huaihe and Haihe river basins, while in southern China streamflow increases significantly in the Yangtze, Pearl and South river basins. This spatial pattern of changes in streamflow indicates that the imbalance in water resources between northern (dry) and southern (wet) China has increased during past decades. On the one hand, available water resources are a controlling factor determining the expansion of irrigated land and the structure of crop plantation (i.e. rice, wheat, corn or bean); on the other hand, crop planting structure and effective irrigated areas are important determinants of changes in streamflow. The increasing effective irrigation and rice planting areas in northern China may increase water withdrawal from rivers, causing subsequent decreases in streamflow, while in southeastern China, decreasing effective irrigation areas enhance the increases in streamflow. 相似文献
19.
浮游动物作为食物链中重要的初级消费者,其群落结构特征是水生态系统健康评价的重要指标之一. 本研究于2017年秋季和2018年春季对渭河干流及秦岭北麓五条典型支流开展了系统的水环境及浮游动物群落调查. 结果表明,渭河干流营养盐浓度整体高于秦岭北麓支流,干流浊度远高于支流. 两次调查共鉴定出浮游动物种类数136种(原生动物65种,轮虫44种,枝角类15种,桡足类12种),其中2017年秋季渭河干流浮游动物种类数、密度和生物量分别为14种、9.02 ind./L和0.0051 mg/L,秦岭北麓支流为37种、42.78 ind./L和0.0229 mg/L;2018年春季渭河干流浮游动物种类数、密度和生物量分别为52种、292.89 ind./L和0.1734 mg/L,秦岭北麓支流为68种、70.15 ind./L和0.0508 mg/L. 秋季渭河干流下游浮游动物种类数、密度和生物量最低,而春季随上、中、下游三者均依次增大;秋季秦岭支流中罗敷河浮游动物密度和生物量最高,而春季灞河最高. 春、秋两季干支流间浮游动物优势种差异较小,但秋季优势种种类数少于春季. 秋季渭河干流中游Shannon-Wiener指数、物种丰富度指数和物种均匀度指数最高,而春季下游最高;秋季秦岭北麓支流石堤河3个指数均最高,而春季灞河Shannon-Wiener指数和物种均匀度指数最高,石堤河物种丰富度指数最高. 典范对应分析表明渭河干流与秦岭北麓支流浮游动物群落结构主导因素均存在季节差异. 本研究揭示了渭河干流与秦岭北麓典型支流的浮游动物群落特征及其影响因素,可为渭河流域环境监测和生态保护提供数据支撑. 相似文献
20.
中国及其邻区地震深度的特征 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
系统地研究了中国及其邻区地震深度的一些时空变化特征后发现：５１％的地震发生在０－１９ｋｍ间，１０、１５、２０ｋｍ为几个地震多发层位；大陆地震的深度小于周邻地区地震的深度；大陆西部地震的深度大于东部地震的深度，这与大陆地壳西厚东薄的结果相吻合；中俄朝交界区及日本海、兴都库什－帕米尔、琉球群岛、缅印交界区和台湾地区地震的深度大，这与有关板块间的相互碰撞、挤压或俯冲等运动有关；兴都库什－帕米尔地区的地震 相似文献