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江西省主要城市建设用地地质环境初步评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
该文简单介绍了江西省主要城市的自然地理、区域环境地质背景及社会经济概况；阐述了对城市建设用地地质环境质量评价目的，进而采用敏感因子—模糊综合评价方法，对全省11个主要城市的建设用地地质环境质量进行了评价。江西省各主要城市的城市建设用地地质环境质量总体较好，其中地质环境质量80%以上为好和较好的有抚州市和九江市，地质环境质量50%-72%为好和较好的有吉安市、新余市、南昌市和上饶市，地质环境质量30%-40%为好和较好的有鹰潭市和宜春市，地质环境质量为好和较好的在30%以下的有萍乡市、赣州市和景德镇市。 相似文献
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为了解决传统地质灾害危险区预测精准低,计算过程复杂问题,提出一种地震诱发滑坡地质灾害的地貌因子敏感性评价模型,以满足不断增长安全需求。首先,基于贡献率法量化得出不同地形地貌因子对应的面积值,其次,利用确定性系数法更为直观分析地震滑坡发生的关键因子种类,提高后续评价精准度,根据地质因子、外界诱发因子以及人为因子建立评价体系。最后通过几率数值模型、信息量评价模型对敏感性评价,将其分为低敏感性区、中敏感性区、高敏感性区、极高敏感性区。实验证明:评价模型计算简便、精准度高,有着较强的合理性和适用性,可作为地震滑坡相关研究和发展规划的基础科学依据。 相似文献
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近几年在经济高速发展和矿山资源过度开发情况下,生态环境日趋恶化,制约了石家庄市经济可持续发展。为了全面了解石家庄市区存在的生态地质环境问题,掌握这类问题的发生、发展、变化规律及危害等,运用层次分析法对生态环境地质条件进行评价,进而提出防范和治理各类生态地质环境问题的措施和合理建议,为管理部门提供地质基础依据。通过实例表明该方法客观的反应了石家庄的生态地质环境实际情况,取得了较满意的效果。 相似文献
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地震应急避难场所是增强现代化城市防震减灾能力，保障城市安全的一项重要举措，对应急避难场所进行适宜性评价，有利于更好地发挥应急避难服务功能，提高避难成功率，减轻灾害损失。本文利用熵值权重与灰色关联分析相结合的评价模型和GIS空间分析方法，以构建的应急避难场所适宜性评价指标体系为研究基础，对天津市中心城区地震应急避难场所进行适宜性评价。评价结果给出了各避难场所适宜等级，检验了场所的避难服务功能，为避难场所空间分布合理性提出建议，对增强城市应急避难场所规划、建设合理性及提高应急处理能力具有一定指导意义。 相似文献
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三亚崖州湾是海南自贸港科技发展的前沿阵地,摸清其地质环境是科技发展规划的基础条件。选取水深、坡度、沉积物环境质量、古河道或古湖泊面积、沙波面积、沙脊面积、软土面积和软土厚度共8个影响因素,采用K-means聚类法、层次分析法和熵权法对研究区适宜性进行定量分区,共划分适宜性好、较好、中等、较差和差五个等级,分析不同影响因素对崖州湾适宜性的影响,总结五个分区的地质环境特征。研究结果表明适宜性最好区位于研究区中北部,其次是中南部,两翼地质环境质量最差,中等区镶嵌分布于崖州湾的外缘;建议优先考虑适宜性最好区进行规划开发,其次是适宜性较好区。文章先用K-means聚类法对影响因素分级,再用层次分析法和熵权法计算评价因子的主客观权重,形成一种主客观结合的科学评价方法,并运用到地质环境开发适宜性评价中,很好地划分出优选区。评价结果可为研究区开发规划及防灾减灾提供基础地质依据,同时具有良好的借鉴作用。 相似文献
7.
酸雨（水）对地质环境的影响研究及其意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
酸雨沉降对地质环境产生危害,地质体（岩石,矿物）为酸雨敏感性研究不可或缺的组成部分,开展地质环境对酸雨危害降解效应的研究具有重要的理论与现实意义。 相似文献
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地震次生崩滑是震后较长时间内严重危害人们生活的地质灾害之一, 对其展开危险性评价具有重要意义。 本文选取2008年汶川地震的重灾区汶川县为研究区, 基于遥感数据, 利用GIS技术手段, 结合研究区地质环境背景进行地震次生崩滑危险性评价。 选取逻辑回归模型, 将研究区划分为不危险、 轻微危险、 较危险、 危险和极危险5个等级, 实现了基于Logistic模型的区域内地震次生崩滑地质环境危险性评价。 相似文献
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在考察了高州地区地形地貌、地质构造、基岩与第四系分布及其厚度、地下水静动态特征、当地及周围地震活动的基础上，对高州地区的地震地质环境作出了综合评价，认为位于丘陵平原地区的高州市地震活动水平低，从未发生过5．0级地层，场区和近场区虽有多条断裂通过，但都是全新世非活动断裂，地下水位浅，第四系较薄，据此判定高州市地震地质环境稳定。 相似文献
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四川省城市地震灾害脆弱性综合评价研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
城市化进程的不断推进使得城市的地震灾害脆弱性日益加剧,而城市承灾体的脆弱性受复杂因素影响。本文针对评价指标受主观性影响较大的问题,基于人口、工程、经济及社会4个方面,构建了城市震害综合脆弱性评价指标体系;并构建基于实码加速遗传算法优化投影寻踪（RAGA-PP）的城市震害脆弱性评价模型;最后,对四川省21个市、州进行了震害脆弱性评价。结果表明:巴中、南充等地脆弱性较高,成都、攀枝花等地脆弱性较低;经济因素对城市震害脆弱性影响较大;该评价模型能够克服人为主观性,有效可行。 相似文献
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A. Martinelli G. Cifani G. Cialone L. Corazza A. Petracca G. Petrucci 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(10-11):875
A procedure for assessing the seismic vulnerability of residential buildings is presented along with the results of its application in an Italian town in Abruzzo (Celano Aq). This procedure is part of a methodological proposal which includes specific studies on expected seismic inputs and site effects analyses. The procedure is based on a simplified collection of data, such as typological features and factors concerning the seismic behaviour of buildings, and provides an estimate of seismic vulnerability and an expected damage forecast using fragility curves. The instruments and methods used for the Celano project are an updated and improved version of those applied to previous vulnerability investigations. This paper demonstrates how this procedure can meet the objectives of the integrated methodology proposed. In fact, the information that can be obtained using this procedure—state of vulnerability, risk analyses and GIS presentations of damage scenarios—could be used in urban planning to reduce seismical risk. 相似文献
13.
针对唐山市区地质环境研究的现状,选用G IS组件(M apOb jects)结合可视化编程工具VB研发了地质数据管理平台。在所建立的地质数据管理平台上利用模糊数学评价方法,选择地质构造、地层岩性、第4系厚度、地下水、岩溶地面塌陷和采煤地面塌陷作为评价因子,建立了唐山市区环境地质模糊综合评价模型,编程实现了唐山市区环境地质评价分区,为城市规划和工程建设提供了决策支持。 相似文献
14.
Seismic damage evaluation in urban areas using the capacity spectrum method: Application to Barcelona 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Alex H. Barbat Luis G. Pujades Nieves Lantada 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2008,28(10-11):851
Conceptual aspects related to seismic vulnerability, damage and risk evaluation are discussed first, together with a short review of the most widely used possibilities for seismic evaluation of structures. The capacity spectrum method and the way of obtaining seismic damage scenarios for urban areas starting from capacity and fragility curves are then discussed. The determination of capacity curves for buildings using non-linear structural analysis tools is then explained, together with a simplified expeditious procedure allowing the development of fragility curves. The seismic risk of the buildings of Barcelona, Spain, is analyzed in the paper, based on the application of the capacity spectrum method. The seismic hazard in the area of the city is described by means of the reduced 5% damped elastic response spectrum. The information on the buildings was obtained by collecting, arranging, improving and completing a broad database of the dwellings and current buildings. The buildings existing in Barcelona are mainly of two types: unreinforced masonry structures and reinforced concrete buildings with waffled-slab floors. The ArcView software was used to create a GIS tool for managing the collected information in order to develop seismic risk scenarios. This study shows that the vulnerability of the buildings is significant in Barcelona and, therefore, in spite of the low-to-moderate seismic hazard in the region, the expected seismic risk is considerable. 相似文献
15.
Integration of principal components analysis and cellular automata for spatial decisionmaking and urban simulation 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
This paper discusses the issues about the correlation of spatial variables during spatial decisionmaking using multicriteria
evaluation (MCE) and cellular automata (CA). The correlation of spatial variables can cause the malfunction of MCE. In urban
simulation, spatial factors often exhibit a high degree of correlation which is considered as an undesirable property for
MCE. This study uses principal components analysis (PCA) to remove data redundancy among a large set of spatial variables
and determine ‘ideal points’ for land development. PCA is integrated with cellular automata and geographical information systems
(GIS) for the simulation of idealized urban forms for planning purposes. 相似文献
16.
针对目前仅以城市单体为对象研究城市地震灾害脆弱性,而忽视城市内部不同区域间存在特征差异的问题,选择威海市区作为研究对象,将研究范围细化至22个街道(镇),建立城市小区域地震灾害脆弱性评价模型。从人口、经济、建筑物和生命线系统4个方面选取17个指标构建城市地震脆弱性评价指标体系,应用主客观结合的三角模糊熵法和改进TOPSIS模型,计算出研究区域的相对贴近程度并进行排序,将威海市区划分为4个不同脆弱性等级。结果表明:改进TOPSIS模型能够从整体上对城市地震灾害脆弱性进行评级分区,为城市内部有针对性的制定防震减灾策略提供一个全新的思路。 相似文献
17.
A. Ansal A. Akinci G. Cultrera M. Erdik V. Pessina G. Tönük G. Ameri 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2009
The rapid urban development in Istanbul has lead to an increase in the exposure levels of the urban vulnerability. Due to the steadily increasing population, with improper land-use planning, inappropriate construction techniques and inadequate infrastructure systems, associated with an existing high hazard level, Istanbul is one of the most risky cities in the Mediterranean region. Estimations of casualties and losses, expected for given earthquake scenarios, are necessary to develop sustainable rehabilitation programs and for improving preparedness. Deterministic hazard scenarios and time-dependent probabilistic hazard assessment were used as input to a GIS-based loss estimation model, to evaluate the earthquake risk for Istanbul. 相似文献
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Seismic vulnerability and risk assessment: case study of the historic city centre of Coimbra, Portugal 总被引：5，自引：4，他引：1
Romeu Vicente Sonia Parodi Sergio Lagomarsino Humberto Varum J. A. R. Mendes Silva 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2011,9(4):1067-1096
Seismic risk evaluation of built-up areas involves analysis of the level of earthquake hazard of the region, building vulnerability
and exposure. Within this approach that defines seismic risk, building vulnerability assessment assumes great importance,
not only because of the obvious physical consequences in the eventual occurrence of a seismic event, but also because it is
the one of the few potential aspects in which engineering research can intervene. In fact, rigorous vulnerability assessment
of existing buildings and the implementation of appropriate retrofitting solutions can help to reduce the levels of physical
damage, loss of life and the economic impact of future seismic events. Vulnerability studies of urban centres should be developed
with the aim of identifying building fragilities and reducing seismic risk. As part of the rehabilitation of the historic
city centre of Coimbra, a complete identification and inspection survey of old masonry buildings has been carried out. The
main purpose of this research is to discuss vulnerability assessment methodologies, particularly those of the first level,
through the proposal and development of a method previously used to determine the level of vulnerability, in the assessment
of physical damage and its relationship with seismic intensity. Also presented and discussed are the strategy and proposed
methodology adopted for the vulnerability assessment, damage and loss scenarios for the city centre of Coimbra, Portugal,
using a GIS mapping application. 相似文献
19.
城市湖泊时空演变的遥感分析——以武汉市为例 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：4
在GIS技术支持下,以多时相Landsat TM/ETM 遥感影像为数据源,利用NDWI指数提取武汉市1991年、1995年、2000年、2002年的湖泊水域面积信息,引入湖泊萎缩强度等测度指标,从时空两方面对主城区湖泊水域变化和26个主要湖泊的发展演化特征进行了系统地分析.结果表明,从1991年到2002年,武汉市主城区湖泊水域面积急剧减少,达38.67km2;主要湖泊水域的面积变化具有时空分异特征,湖泊萎缩变化与湖泊所处地区的城市建设水平、道路交通规划、政策导向等因素密切相关.分析认为,城市湖泊转变为公园后,萎缩现象得到明显遏制,通过立法加强湖泊保护力度并尽早制定城市湖泊的规划管理措施,是保护武汉幸存湖泊的有力手段. 相似文献
20.
Abbas Senouci Pierre Yves Bard Mohamed Naboussi Farsi Elise Beck Stéphane Cartier 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2013,11(4):1191-1215
The city of Oran is exposed to a significant seismic hazard, as almost all the northern Algeria territory, where numerous casualties and severe damage occurred in the last decades due to several moderate to large earthquakes. A mitigation policy should include the establishment of priorities to reduce the vulnerability of existing buildings based on the knowledge of the actual urban fabrics. The complexity of vulnerability assessment requires a gradual approach from the urban scale to the building scale. The study reported in this paper corresponds to the first step of such an approach, i.e., a preliminary study of the seismic vulnerability and expected damage within an urban district of the city of Oran, based on a non-dedicated data base from a building survey previously performed for other purposes. The main goals of this study are twofold: (1) an assessment of the degree of uncertainty and robustness of such results through a comparison of the results derived from different urban vulnerability methods (GNDT 2; RISK-UE LM1; and VULNERALP 2.0) and (2) an assessment of the actual level of seismic risk in the city of Oran. Cross-method comparisons and correlations highlight a satisfactory agreement between mean damage estimates at the urban scale, despite significant scattering at the single building scale, and uncertainty levels which vary significantly from one method to the other. For a given scenario, the three methods provide damage estimates lying within half an EMS damage degree of one another, with some systematic positive bias for VULNERALP and negative bias for RISK-UE LM1, especially for masonry buildings. The expected mean damage is very important for intensities 9 and 10, with an average damage grade around 3–4 for intensity 9 and 4–5 for intensity 10. The spatial distribution of damage systematically exhibits larger values in the northern, older, commercial area, than in the southern, more recent and more residential area, in relation to the building typology and the existence of several aggravating factors. Some areas of higher vulnerability / damage can be distinguished, which should receive particular attention for retrofitting priorities or urban planning decisions, also taking into account their cultural heritage value. 相似文献