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1.
Explicit formula for the geoid-quasigeoid separation 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The explicit formula for the geoid-to-quasigeoid correction is derived in this paper. On comparing the geoidal height and
height anomaly, this correction is found to be a function of the mean value of gravity disturbance along the plumbline within
the topography. To evaluate the mean gravity disturbance, the gravity field of the Earth is decomposed into components generated
by masses within the geoid, topography and atmosphere. Newton’s integration is then used for the computation of topography-and
atmosphere-generated components of the mean gravity, while the combined solution for the downward continuation of gravity
anomalies and Stokes’ boundary-value problem is utilized in computing the component of mean gravity disturbance generated
by mass irregularities within the geoid. On application of this explicit formulism a theoretical accuracy of a few millimetres
can be achieved in evaluation of the geoid-to-quasigeoid correction. However, the real accuracy could be lower due to deficiencies
within the numerical methods and to errors within the input data (digital terrain and density models and gravity observations). 相似文献
2.
F. DE MEYER 《Geophysical Prospecting》1984,32(1):37-50
This paper is concerned with an interpretation of the Bouguer anomaly on the Western flank of the Brabant Massif (Belgium). The position, shape, and density contrast of elementary bodies in the upper part of the earth's crust are determined in a purely numerical manner. A batholith-like body and a basin-type structure both adequately account for the observed surface field, at least from a one-sided geophysical and mathematical point of view. Since seismological control is lacking the two models are representative of the ambiguity and indeterminacy of the definitions of the geologic cause of the anomalous features, if the data are restricted to gravity information alone. 相似文献
3.
在涉及表面垂直位移的地球物理正演和反演问题的研究中,表面真垂直位移等于表面视垂直位移和大地水准面高变化的和.本文从广义Bruns公式、广义stokes公式和广义Ve-ning-Meinesz公式出发,导出了用表面垂直位移和重力变化确定大地水准面形变的公式.讨论了表面垂直位移和重力变化对大地水准面高变化的影响.在此基础上,给出了表面荷载源、几种不同充填介质的膨胀源和位错源所引起的大地水准面高变化对视垂直位移影响的数值结果,分析了局部地球物理事件引起的大地水准面高变化的特点.最后给出了使用辽南地区的实际观测资料确定的局部大地水准面高变化以及对视垂直位移影响的计算结果. 相似文献
4.
A geoid solution for airborne gravity data 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Airborne gravity data is usually attached with satellite positioning of data points, which allow for the direct determination
of the gravity disturbance at flight level. Assuming a suitable gridding of such data, Hotine’s modified integral formula
can be combined with an Earth Gravity Model for the computation of the disturbing potential (T) at flight level. Based on
T and the gravity disturbance data, we directly downward continue T to the geoid, and we present the final solution for the
geoid height, including topographic corrections. It can be proved that the Taylor expansion of T converges if the flight level
is at least twice the height of the topography, and the terrain potential will not contribute to the topographic correction.
Hence, the simple topographic bias of the Bouguer shell yields the only topographic correction. Some numerical results demonstrate
the technique used for downward continuation and topographic correction. 相似文献
5.
Giovanna Berrino Gennaro Corrado Umberto Riccardi 《Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research》2008
Bathymetric and gravity surveys were carried out from 1988 to 1994, in the Gulf of Naples (Southern Italy) to offshore extend the already existing Bouguer anomaly map. In order to improve the knowledge of the structural setting beneath the active Neapolitan volcanoes (Vesuvio, Campi Flegrei and Ischia), 862 stations were surveyed within the isobath of 400 m; at the same time, and about 2000 on-land gravity values were also collected. A new Bouguer anomaly map spanning the whole volcanic region was drawn from the final data set. Gravity anomalies were referred to the new absolute gravity station in Naples and computed according to 1980 Geodetic Reference System. Finally, a density value of 2200 kg/m3 was used in the computation of the Bouguer and terrain effects. We carried out the inversion of the gravity anomalies adopting a 2.5-D modelling along selected profiles crossing the investigated area. The interpretative models were constrained to data obtained from deep wells and other geophysical investigations. 相似文献
6.
结合1992—1994年的重力变化资料和1988—1991年的水准资料,运用遗传有限元方法计算西安地区的重力变化和对应的地层密度变化,然后计算重力变化梯度场进一步分析西安地区重力变化的原因。结果表明,过量抽取承压地下水引起承压水位下降、黏土层释水压密和两者共同作用导致的地面沉降是西安地区的重力变化的主要原因。大部分地区承压含水层系统中黏土层的压密产生正的剩余地层密度,而在如小寨、铁炉庙区的局部区域,抽取潜水导致潜水位下降、水体流失是产生负的地层密度变化的主要原因,但不排除其与地裂缝活动相关的可能性 相似文献
7.
基于布格重力异常相对于地形起伏光滑分布的约束条件,从一维自由空气重力异常数据出发,采用贝叶斯方法估算近地表岩石密度,同时采用三次B样条函数拟合布格重力异常,获取光滑分布的布格重力异常.数据拟合和光滑约束之间的权重采用Akaike贝叶斯准则(ABIC准则)自动确定.均匀剖分模型和不均匀剖分模型数据试验都验证了该方法的有效性.相关参数评价表明,足够多的样条系数可以提高估计结果的准确性,样条系数的个数接近测点数时可获得较稳定的估计结果.增大异常的噪声水平时,ABIC准则可有效地自动增大先验光滑约束的权重.云南地区两条重力剖面应用结果表明,剖面沿线的近地表密度值起伏变化明显(达2.45~2.8g·cm^-3),前寒武纪和古生代地层密度相对较高(主要为2.53~2.75g·cm^-3),而中生代密度较低(2.45~2.73g·cm^-3);本文估计的近地表密度结果与区域物性资料及地表地质特征较吻合;估计的剖面布格重力异常具有光滑性;红河断裂两侧近地表密度差异较大,可达0.4g·cm^-3.本文获得的两条剖面近地表密度结构和布格重力异常为该区深部结构与构造研究提供更可靠的重力基础数据. 相似文献
8.
以湖南地区为例,利用超高阶地球重力位模型EGM2008计算了研究区的重力大地水准面,并采用棱柱体公式和球体公式相结合的方法分别进行了完全地形改正和Airy-Heiskanen局部均衡改正,得到布格大地水准面和均衡大地水准面.对三种大地水准面进行不同波长分量的分离处理,得到包含不同深度异常信息的剩余大地水准面,并结合其他地球物理资料对研究区进行了详细的地球物理解释.结果表明,剩余重力大地水准面可以有效地反映出研究区内的深部构造特征,如深大断裂带分布、构造块体位置、上地幔密度横向分布等,但对地壳内异常结构反映不明显;研究区岩石圈密度变化相对平缓,厚度由东向西增加;根据剩余均衡大地水准面及研究区Airy局部均衡莫霍面,可以大致推测出研究区的莫霍面起伏形态以及均衡状态,可作为一种有用的参考信息. 相似文献
9.
Gravity anomaly and crustal density structure in Jilantai rift zone and its adjacent region 
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下载免费PDF全文 This paper deals with the interpretation of Bouguer gravity anomalies measured along a 250 km long Suhaitu-Etuokeqi gravity profile located at the transitional zone of the Alxa and Ordos blocks where geophysical characteristics are very complex. The analysis is carried out in terms of the ratio of elevation and Bouguer gravity anomaly, the normalized full gradient of a section of the Bouguer gravity anomaly (G h ) and the crustal density structure reveal that (1) the ratio of highs and lows of elevation and Bouguer gravity anomaly is large between Zhengyiguan fault (F4) and Helandonglu fault (F6), which can be explained due to crustal inhomogeneities related to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet block in the northeast; (2) the main active faults correspond to the G h contour strip or cut the local region, and generally show strong deformation characteristics, for example the Bayanwulashan mountain front fault (F1) or the southeast boundary of Alxa block is in accord with the western change belt of G h , a belt about 10 km wide that extends to about 30 km; (3) Yinchuan-Pingluo fault (F8) is the seismogenic structure of the Pingluo M earthquake, and its focal depth is about 15 km; (4) the Moho depth trend and Bouguer gravity anomaly variation indicates that the regional gravity field is strongly correlated with the Moho discontinuity. 相似文献
10.
The island of Pantelleria is an active volcano located in the Sicily Channel (southern Italy), occurring in the middle of a continental rift system.Since the 1980's the island has been periodically surveyed by means of geodetic and geophysical methods to monitor the regional and local volcanic dynamics. Also, high-precision gravity measurements were started in 1990.The present paper is an analysis of the time-space gravity changes. Gravity measurements were carried out on a network presently formed by twenty stations. The gravity network was fully surveyed in June 1990 and June 1995 and partially surveyed in September 1993. Two absolute gravity stations were established in 1993 to provide a reference system and to check for long-term variations.The areal distribution of the gravity changes during the 1990–1995 time interval, obtained in the thirteen stations of the 1990 network, is strongly similar to the Bouguer anomaly field and to the large-scale features of the basement of the island. Otherwise, gravity changes are directly correlated with the Bouguer anomaly and inversely correlated with the altimetric variations. Comparison with the geological setting suggests that the present activity may be ascribed to the influence of the geodynamics of the Sicily Channel. 相似文献
11.
本文基于EGM2008重力场模型研究了青藏高原东南缘均衡重力异常和多尺度的布格重力异常特征, 以鲁甸和景谷地震为例, 认识其深部构造环境和动力学过程, 为该区域的构造运动和地震孕育环境研究提供依据。 结果表明, 研究区布格重力异常和均衡重力异常与地质构造格局相关性较好, 川滇地块剧烈的区域布格重力异常和非均衡状态与其强烈的地壳变形、 断裂及地震活动密切相关。 强震多分布在断裂带两侧重力异常的过渡地带和高梯度带, 断裂带两侧横向和垂向的显著介质密度差异是强震孕育的深部构造背景。 布格重力异常和均衡重力异常揭示的鲁甸、 景谷震源区深浅差异性的重力异常特征, 暗示鲁甸和景谷地震孕震环境的不同。 相似文献
12.
湖南省重磁异常特征与地震活动关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
重力场的梯级带与地震的分布是有对应关系的。在湖南省布格重力异常资料的基础上，结合航磁资料，对湖南省的重磁异常特征进行了分析，并据此推断出湖南省内的深部构造，探讨了它们与地震活动的关系。这些分析研究将对湖南省的地震监测预报提供参考。 相似文献
13.
Compilation of the bathymetrically and topographically corrected gravity disturbance, the so called BT disturbance, for the
purpose of gravity interpretation/inversion, is investigated from the numerical point of view, with special emphasis on regions
of negative heights. In regions of negative ellipsoidal (geodetic) heights, such as the Dead Sea region onshore or offshore
areas of negative geoidal heights, two issues complicate the compilation and subsequently the inversion of the BT disturbance.
The first is associated with the evaluation of normal gravity below the surface of the reference ellipsoid (RE). The latter
is tied to the legitimacy of the harmonic continuation of the BT disturbance in these regions. These two issues are proposed
to be resolved by the so called reference quasi-ellipsoid (RQE) approach. New bathymetric and topographic corrections are
derived based on the RQE and the inverse problem is formulated based on the RQE. The RQE approach enables the computation
of normal gravity by means of the international gravity formula, and makes the harmonic continuation in the regions of negative
heights of gravity stations legitimate. The gravimetric inversion is then transformed from the RQE approach back to the RE
approach, following the now legitimate harmonic upward continuation of the gravity data to stations on or above the RE. Stripping,
the removal of an effect of a known density contrast, is considered in the context of the RQE approach. A numerical case study
is presented for the RQE approach in a region of NW Canada. 相似文献
14.
A parameter-estimation technique based on existing hydrological, geophysical, and geological data was developed to approximate transmissivity values for use in a ground-water flow model of the Animas Valley, southwest New Mexico. Complete Bouguer gravity anomaly maps together with seismic-refraction profiles, geologic maps, geologic, geophysical, and drillers' logs, water levels, and pumping-test data provide insight into the transmissivity of bolson deposits throughout the basin. The transmissivity distribution was primarily based on reported pumping and specific-capacity tests in conjunction with complete Bouguer gravity anomaly maps and well log data. Reported transmissivity values were characterized by gravity values and well log data. In grid blocks lacking pumping and specific-capacity tests, transmissivity values were assigned based on the relationship of gravity values and well log data within the grid block to gravity values and well log data within other grid blocks for which transmissivity values are available. A two-dimensional, finite-difference, ground-water flow computer code was used to evaluate the effectiveness of the parameter-estimation technique. Although the trial-and-error method of calibration was employed, the actual computer time necessary for model calibration was minimal. The conceptually straightforward approach for parameter estimation utilizing existing hydrological, geophysical, and geological data provides realistic parameter estimates. 相似文献
15.
维西—贵阳剖面位于青藏高原东南缘,为青藏高原物质往东南逃逸、东构造结侧向挤压及华南地块北西西向推挤作用的重要地段.利用剖面观测的重力与GPS定位数据,结合区域背景重力场、地质构造及深部地球物理成果,反演研究剖面较为细化的地壳密度结构特征.观测研究表明:剖面布格重力异常总幅差变化达190×10-5 m·s-2,具"斜N"分段变化特征,从西往东呈上升(维西至攀枝花,水平梯变大)—下降(攀枝花至会泽,水平梯变较大)—上升(会泽至贵阳,水平梯变较小)态势;高程与布格重力异常比值的趋势性转折部位为康滇地轴核心和小江断裂带东侧,可能与先存构造或新生构造发育有关;剖面地壳密度结构可分上、中和下三层结构,各层底界面平均埋深分别约20km、35km和51km,金沙江—红河断裂带和鲜水河—小江断裂带为地壳结构相对简单与复杂的过渡带;地壳厚度西深东浅,可能是东构造结的侧向挤压所致;下地壳厚度变化相对较大,可能对地壳增厚起主要作用;华坪—攀枝花附近的Moho面隆起和上地壳高密度体的存在暗示上地幔往上底侵作用,对青藏高原物质向南东逃逸和东构造结的侧向挤压均起到一定阻挡作用;中地壳下伏有限低密度薄层有利于其上物质的南东逃逸和顺时针旋转,有利于其下物质受喜马拉雅东构造结作用下往东向运移. 相似文献
16.
文中通过多源数据融合、模型构建、数据试验、二维离散小波变换和功率谱分析等方法获取了大别造山带东段深、浅部场源布格异常及其场源似深度,并结合地壳结构、地质构造、岩石圈有效弹性厚度和地震活动等资料,讨论了地壳深、浅部的结构特征及地震活动构造背景。结果表明,低频布格异常显示大别造山带东段与华北地块间深部构造缝合带在东部应位于青山-晓天断裂前缘,在落儿岭-土地岭断裂和商城-麻城断裂之间向N偏移至梅山-龙河口断裂之下,造山带南侧与扬子地块间深部构造缝合带位于襄樊-广济断裂以北约20km,造山带东侧与扬子地块间的深部构造转换带位于郯庐断裂带之下,造山带东段腹地显著的低频布格异常低值表明对应部位的莫霍面存在明显下凹,造山带内部的布格异常高梯度带表明其深部结构不完整;高频布格异常揭示肥中断裂、六安-合肥断裂、肥西-韩摆渡断裂和郯庐断裂带等主要断裂对地壳中上部密度结构的影响明显,落儿岭-土地岭断裂对地壳中上部密度结构的影响范围向N延伸至肥西-韩摆渡断裂前缘。结合地震活动资料进一步分析认为,大别造山带东段与华北地块在青山-晓天断裂前缘附近接触和相互作用,且大别造山带东段地壳深、浅部结构均不完整,不利于应力积累,趋向于在断裂交错的脆弱部位频繁释放应力,是霍山地区小地震活动频繁的主要原因。 相似文献
17.
通过资料收集和整理,对湖南深部地球物理场布格重力异常、航磁异常、莫霍面、地热场和地壳结构反映出来的特征进行了总结和分析,同时对湖南历史地震（Ms≥434级）和近代地震（ML≥3.0级）与这些深部地球物理场特征的关系进行了讨论。结果表明：湖南地震活动的空间分布与深部地球物理场特征有一定的内在关联,有较好的对应关系。 相似文献
18.
Global ellipsoid-referenced topographic,bathymetric and stripping corrections to gravity disturbance
This paper revisits several aspects of defining and computing the anomalous gravity data for purposes of gravimetric inversion/interpretation.
Attention is paid to evaluation of a refined global topographic correction to the gravity disturbance based on the reference
ellipsoid (RE) and constant reference density for solid topography onshore and sea water density for liquid topography offshore.
The global bathymetric correction is discussed. Two issues associated with compilation and inversion of bathymetrically and
topographically corrected gravity disturbances in regions of negative ellipsoidal (geodetic) heights are pointed out: the
evaluation of normal gravity and the harmonic continuation of the gravity data. Stripping, the removal of an effect of a known
density contrast, is considered also for additional geological elements such as lakes, glaciers, sedimentary basins, isostatic
mountain roots, etc. The stripping corrections are discussed in the context of the gravimetric inverse problem. 相似文献
19.
A refined conversion from normal height to orthometric height 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
L. E. Sjöberg 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2006,50(4):595-606
The difference between orthometric and normal heights (or the height anomaly and the geoid height) is usually approximated
by a term consisting of the Bouguer anomaly times elevation divided by normal gravity. We derive an improved formula, which
includes a topographic roughness term (terrain correction) and a term due to the lateral variation of topographic density,
for the practical application of this conversion. It is shown that for high mountainous areas with rough topography these
two terms are of the same order as the Bouguer anomaly related term. Already for elevations of a few hundred metres they could
reach the order of a centimetre. In addition, for the more precise computations in high mountainous areas, a term related
with the downward continuation of topographic potential from the surface to sea level could be significant. 相似文献
20.
依据EIGEN-6C4重力模型和ETOPO1高程模型数据,围绕新疆精河6.6级地震展开岩石圈均衡与挠曲机理研究,得到如下结论：（1）震中附近的布格与自由空气重力异常分别为-221和-92mGal(10~(-5 )m·s~(-2)）,震中位于重力异常高梯度带上;（2）震中周边地区地壳厚度约为50km,密度结构总体变化平缓,东西方向地壳厚度变化较小,但自南向北地壳厚度逐渐变薄,精河6.6级地震初始破裂发生在上中地壳分界面附近;（3）震中附近岩石圈承载的垂向构造应力为20MPa左右,震中位于岩石圈垂向构造应力极大值附近的高梯度带上;（4）地震周边地区岩石圈有效弹性厚度最优解为26km,加载比最优解为F_1=1,F_2=F_3=0,表明该区域岩石圈相对坚硬,且导致岩石圈变形的初始加载全部来自地表． 相似文献