共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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研究和实施了由卫星测高数据计算垂线偏差，用莫洛 金斯基（Molodensky）公式反演 大地水准面高，由此求得我国海域大地水准面高. 为了检核，将测高垂线偏差利用逆维宁迈 纳斯（Vening Meinesz）公式反演重力异常，与海上船测重力值进行了外部检核；同时还用 司托克斯（Stokes）公式，将上述反演的重力异常计算大地水准面高，与莫洛金斯基公式直 接解得的相应结果进行比较作为内部检核. 在积分计算中充分应用了FFT的严格公式.由重力和GPS水准数据确定的陆地大地水准面，和主要由卫星测高数据确定的海洋大地水准 面，二者之间一般都存在以系统误差为主的拼接差，本文分析了产生这一现象的主要原因, 并结合我国在陆海大地水准面拼接区重力资料稀疏的实际，提出了新的拼接技术，最后将拟 合参数校正中国全部海域的重 力大地水准面，以最大限度地削弱拼接点和制约测高海洋大地水准面可能存在的系统误差. 相似文献
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大陆上用重力数据和GPS水准数据确定(似)大地水准面,海洋上用卫星测高数据确定(似)大地水准面.由于沿海地区和近岸海域往往缺少完好的重力数据,近岸海域卫星测高数据质量相对较差,两类大地水准面在陆海相接区域精度偏低且存在拼合差.纯几何方法拟合陆海局部区域大地水准面,不能顾及大地水准面的物理特性,拟合结果不稳定.顾及到大地水准面的物理特性,依据其在局部所应满足的数学物理方程,拟合陆海局部区域大地水准面问题,转化为Laplace第一边值问题.讨论了有限元法衔接陆海局部区域大地水准面的数学思想,给出了相应的数学模型. 相似文献
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随着GPS/水准及全球重力测量的加密和扩展,获取高精度的似大地水准面或高程异常(ξ)已比较容易,如何进一步研究它和大地水准面或大地水准面高(N)之间的关系(即所谓间接的方法)使大地水准面得到精化,这就是本文的目的,文中对已推导的公式在模型作了验证,对如何利用地形等数据确定扰动重力垂直梯度也作了研究,结果表明:在海拔4000 m的高山地区,当似大地水准面的精度达到cm级时,大地水准面的精度也与之比较接近. 相似文献
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根据重力位W, 正常重力位 以及扰动位 之间的相互关系, 定义了扰动位T与大地水准面起伏N、重力异常Δg, 垂线偏差ε 之间的算子运算关系. 在边界面为球面的条件下, 运用球谐函数求解物理大地测量边值问题的方法, 通过算子变换, 推导了广义逆Stokes公式、广义逆Vening-Meinesz公式和广义Molodensky公式. 广义公式突破了经典公式必须在大地水准面上应用的限制. 当边界面定义为大地水准面时, 广义公式自然退化为经典公式. 相似文献
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本文研究了基于泊松小波径向基函数融合多代卫星测高及多源重力数据精化大地水准面模型的方法.分别以沿轨垂线偏差和大地水准面高高差作为卫星测高观测量,研究了使用不同类型测高数据对于大地水准面建模精度的影响.针对全球潮汐模型在浅水区域及部分开阔海域精度较低的问题,引入局部潮汐模型研究了不同潮汐模型对于大地水准面的影响.数值分析表明:相比于使用沿轨垂线偏差作为测高观测量,基于沿轨大地水准面高高差解算得到的大地水准面模型的精度更高,特别是在海域区域,其精度提高了2.3cm.由于使用沿轨大地水准面高高差作为测高观测量削弱了潮汐模型长波误差的影响,采用不同潮汐模型对大地水准面解算的影响较小.总体而言,船载重力及测高观测数据在海洋重力场的确定中呈现互补性关系,联合两类重力场观测量可以提高局部重力场的建模精度. 相似文献
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以湖南地区为例,利用超高阶地球重力位模型EGM2008计算了研究区的重力大地水准面,并采用棱柱体公式和球体公式相结合的方法分别进行了完全地形改正和Airy-Heiskanen局部均衡改正,得到布格大地水准面和均衡大地水准面.对三种大地水准面进行不同波长分量的分离处理,得到包含不同深度异常信息的剩余大地水准面,并结合其他地球物理资料对研究区进行了详细的地球物理解释.结果表明,剩余重力大地水准面可以有效地反映出研究区内的深部构造特征,如深大断裂带分布、构造块体位置、上地幔密度横向分布等,但对地壳内异常结构反映不明显;研究区岩石圈密度变化相对平缓,厚度由东向西增加;根据剩余均衡大地水准面及研究区Airy局部均衡莫霍面,可以大致推测出研究区的莫霍面起伏形态以及均衡状态,可作为一种有用的参考信息. 相似文献
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融合多源数据的高精度、高分辨率的局部重力场建模是物理大地测量学的前沿和热点问题.本文研究了基于径向基函数融合多源数据的局部重力场建模方法,利用Monte-Carlo方差分量估计实现了不同类型的观测数据的合理定权,引入了最小标准差法确定基函数的适宜网络,分析了地形因素对于基函数网络确定及局部重力场建模精度的影响.以泊松小波基函数为构造基函数,结合残差地形模型,融合实测的陆地重力异常、船载重力异常及航空重力扰动数据构建了局部区域陆海统一的似大地水准面模型.研究结果表明:引入残差地形模型平滑了地形质量引入的高频扰动信号,简化了基函数的网络设计;并提高了重力似大地水准面的精度,平原地区其精度提高了4mm,地形起伏较大的山区其精度提高了约5cm.总体而言,基于"三步法"构建的局部重力似大地水准面在荷兰、比利时及德国相关区域,其精度分别达到1.12cm、2.80cm以及2.92cm. 相似文献
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在介绍由高程异常确定大地水准面有关的同时,提出了用地形质量计算重力异常垂直梯度的方法,结合高程异常资料,可以使山区大地水准面得到精化。将本方法应用于珠穆朗玛峰,获得其天地水准面高为－３０．３６ｍ。 相似文献
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L. Brimich J. Fernández R. D. R. Granell M. Hvoždara 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1996,40(1):14-24
Summary The computation of simple analytical models of surface displacements and gravity changes in layered elastic-gravitational
medium and in an elastic half-space with point source of heat is presented. The comparison of the radial and vertical components
of the displacement and gravity changes indicates that the horizontal changes of these quantities are smaller for the thermoelastic
model than for the elastic-gravitational. 相似文献
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The undulation of the geoid, the gravity anomaly and the deflection of the vertical are the three basic observations describing the shape and the gravity field of the earth. The Stokes’ formula that computes the undulation of the geoid using the gravity anomaly on the geoid under spherical approximate conditions was first put forward by Stokes[1]. According to Stokes’ theory, The Vening-Meinesz formula that computes the meridian and the prime vertical components of the deflection of the ve… 相似文献
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IntroductionNowadaystheprecisionofgravitymeasurementisupto10xlo--8InjsZ(Okubo,1992),theprecisionofaltimetryisoftheorderofmm,andtheprecisionofrelativemeasurementinhorizontaldirectionusingGPStechniquesreaches(0.01--0.001)x10ed(Liu,etal,1998).Thegravitychangesinducedbyalargeearthquake(e.g.,Tangshanearthquakeof1976)canbetensorevenhundredsof10--8m/s',andthemaximumdisplacementinhorizontalandverticaldirectioncreatedbyitalwaysexceedI.0m(Chen,etal,1979,1980,Zhang,etal,1981).Therefore,structuresrela… 相似文献
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Bernhard Heck 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2011,55(3):441-454
For more than 150 years gravity anomalies have been used for the determination of geoidal heights, height anomalies and the
external gravity field. Due to the fact that precise ellipsoidal heights could not be observed directly, traditionally a free
geodetic boundary-value problem (GBVP) had to be formulated which after linearisation is related to gravity anomalies. Since
nowadays the three-dimensional positions of gravity points can be determined by global navigation satellite systems very precisely,
the modern formulation of the GBVP can be based on gravity disturbances which are related to a fixed GBVP using the known
topographical surface of the Earth as boundary surface. The paper discusses various approaches into the solution of the fixed
GBVP which after linearization corresponds to an oblique-derivative boundary-value problem for the Laplace equation. Among
the analytical solution approaches a Brovar-type solution is worked out in detail, showing many similarities with respect
to the classical solution of the scalar free GBVP. 相似文献
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Jos Fernndez Kristy F. Tiampo John B. Rundle Gerhard Jentzsch 《Journal of Geodynamics》2005,39(5):475-492
A method for the computation and interpretation of gravity and height changes and vertical gravity gradients produced by magmatic intrusions in a layered elastic–gravitational medium is presented. The methodology assumes a planar medium geometry, which consists of welded layers overlying a half-space. The medium is elastic and gravitating. The intrusion is treated as a point source and can be located at any depth inside the medium. The theoretical elastic–gravitational model allows the computation of the so-called geometric and orthometric vertical displacements as well as gravity changes of different types. The corresponding vertical gravity gradients can also be computed. We present several examples of theoretical computations and study different types of these geometric and orthometric gravity gradients and the information we can get from the application of the methodology described. The results presented show that the use of these gradients is a useful tool to obtain information on the dynamics of the injection processes, including the detection of new magma recharge. We show that using the elastic–gravitational deformation model we can explain non-linear gravity–height relationships that appear in volcanic areas. We also present the application of the methodology to Mayon volcano, Philippines, delineating the intrusion of new magma, consistent with the produced eruptions after the observation period. 相似文献
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A three-layer elastic-gravitational fault displacement model using dislocation theory has been developed and used to examine the effect of layering of earth elastic moduli on surface and subsurface displacement fields for a vertical strike-slip fault. The model has been used to examine the effect of depth variation of elastic properties at coseismic and postseismic time scales. For pure strike-slip motion the effect of gravity on coseismic and postseismic horizontal deformation is negligible. For coseismic deformation the model predicts that (for constant Poisson's ratio) an increase in elastic moduli with depth attenuates the displacements within the upper layers with respect to displacement distribution for a uniform half-space, while an inclusion of a soft layer between the top layer and lower half-space amplifies upper layer displacements. The effect of variation in Poisson's ratio on surface and subsurface displacements has also been examined.The effect of postseismic stress relaxation on surface and subsurface displacements for a three-layer model has been calculated and compared with that of a uniformly relaxed half-space model. Layer 1 is assumed to correspond to the upper crust, layer 2 the lower crust and layer 3 the upper mantle. The effect of postseismic stress relaxation within a uniform half-space and within just the lower crust and upper mantle has been examined. Stress relaxation within the whole half-space decreases the amplitude and shortens the wavelength of displacements, while stress relaxation within the lower two layers increases the amplitude and broadens the wavelength of displacements. The difference between uniform and layered postseismic relaxation is particularly pronounced at the base of the crust.Coseismic and postseismic normal and volumetric strains for a vertical strike-slip fault have also been examined. For a uniformly relaxed half-space model, an increase in normal strains is shown with respect to the coseismic elastic solution, whereas the postseismic volumetric strain is effectively zero. For a three-layer model with stress relaxation in the lower layers only, the normal and volumetric strains within the top elastic layer resemble coseismic strains, while in the lower layers which suffer a rigidity decrease, the postseismic volumetric strain is effectively zero. 相似文献
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Roland Karcol 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2018,62(3):427-449
The direct gravity problem and its solution belong to the basis of the gravimetry. The solutions of this problem are well known for wide class of the source bodies with the constant density contrast. The non-uniform density approximation leads to the relatively complicated mathematical formalism. The analytical solutions for this type of sources are rare and currently these bodies are very useful in the gravimetrical modeling. The solution for the vertical component of the gravitational attraction vector for the 3D right rectangular prism is known in the geophysical literature for the density variations described by the 3-rd degree polynomial. We generalized this solution for an n-th degree, not only for the vertical component, but for the horizontal components, the second-order derivatives and the potential as well. The 2D modifications of all given formulae are presented, too. The presented general solutions, which involve a hypergeometric functions, can be used as they are, or as an auxiliary tool to derive desired solution for the given degree of the density polynomial as a sum of the elementary functions. The pros-and-cons of these approaches (the complexity of the programming codes, runtimes) are discussed, too. 相似文献