共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
在假设临汾水准两次巨幅形变异常为断裂错动的情况下,基于矩形断层位错模型模拟了罗云山断裂（土门-峪里段）错动所引起的垂直形变场分布,并通过D-InSAR技术对研究区域内的地面形变场进行实测,分析结果表明：（1）断裂错动理论上可导致长轴与断裂走向平行的椭圆状变形区域,位于断裂上盘的区域中心变形量最大,变形量向外围逐渐衰减为零,两次错动导致的变形波及范围分别约为长轴18Km和26Km,短轴12Km和17Km,显著变形幅度分别约为1-3mm和4-14mm。（2）D-InSAR实测形变场显示两次异常期间研究区域内未发现与断裂走向一致的连续变形区域,仅在盆地内部存在可能由于过量开采地下水所导致的地面沉降,变形范围约为10-12mm和10-15mm。（3）实测形变场与理论形变场在变形区域和变形幅度上均不一致,说明断裂活动引起临汾水准巨幅形变的可能性不大,可能为断裂上盘的土层局部变形所致。（4）通过断层位错模型的理论模拟和D-InSAR技术的实际监测相结合可以有效地确定跨断层水准巨幅形变异常的性质,为重大水准异常核实提供科学依据。 相似文献
2.
本文利用2003—2011年的GRACE RL05数据提取了苏门答腊地震(Mw9.3)引起的震后重力变化,发现断层两侧震后重力变化速率存在明显差异,断层下盘总体变化率为0.55μGal/yr,断层上盘为0.16μGal/yr.基于子断层叠加的编程思想,本文将Tanaka的黏弹球体位错理论配套计算程序(简称黏弹位错程序)加以改造,克服了其近场计算精度不足(甚至错误)的缺陷,可用来研究大地震引起的近场震后位移与重力变化.本文利用改造后的黏弹位错程序计算了2004年苏门答腊地震(Mw9.3)产生的同震重力变化,计算结果在空间分布和量级上均与利用弹性位错程序计算获得的结果一致,验证了我们对黏弹位错程序进行改造的正确性.最后,结合GRACE卫星观测数据,本文利用Tanaka的黏弹位错理论研究了苏门答腊地区的地幔黏性因子.结果表明,该地区地幔黏滞性具有显著的横向差异,当发震断层上下两盘的地幔黏滞性系数分别取8×1018 Pa·s和1×1018 Pa·s时,模拟的震后重力变化在总体空间分布和变化趋势上与GRACE卫星观测结果更接近. 相似文献
3.
4.
在涉及表面垂直位移的地球物理正演和反演问题的研究中,表面真垂直位移等于表面视垂直位移和大地水准面高变化的和.本文从广义Bruns公式、广义stokes公式和广义Ve-ning-Meinesz公式出发,导出了用表面垂直位移和重力变化确定大地水准面形变的公式.讨论了表面垂直位移和重力变化对大地水准面高变化的影响.在此基础上,给出了表面荷载源、几种不同充填介质的膨胀源和位错源所引起的大地水准面高变化对视垂直位移影响的数值结果,分析了局部地球物理事件引起的大地水准面高变化的特点.最后给出了使用辽南地区的实际观测资料确定的局部大地水准面高变化以及对视垂直位移影响的计算结果. 相似文献
5.
THE COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS AND RESEARCH OF RECENT GRAVITY AND CRUSTAL DEFORMATION IN NORTHEASTERN EDGE OF THE TIBETAN PLATEAU 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 ZHU Yi-qing LIANG Wei-feng HAO Ming ZHAO Ling-qiang HAO Qing-hua ZHANG Guo-qing LIU Lian 《地震地质》2017,39(4):768-780
In this study, we systematically analyzed the relationship between regional gravity changes, 3D crustal deformation, regional tectonic environment and strong earthquakes based on the relative gravity measurements(2011-2014), GPS data and the background vertical deformation from the leveling measurements conducted from 1970 to 2011. Subsequently, we further characterized the temporal-spatial patterns and discussed the mechanism of regional gravity changes and the crustal deformation. The results can be summarized as follows:1)The regional gravity changes, the GPS-derived horizontal deformation and the vertical deformational obtained from leveling data showed a close spatial relationship:The gravity increased along with the direction of horizontal movement, and the gravity decreased with the crustal uplift and vice versa, which reflects the inherited characteristics of neotectonic activities. 2)The crustal deformation was closely related to the active faults. The contour lines of gravity changes and vertical deformation were generally along with the Qilian-Haiyuan Fault(the strike is NWW), and the crustal horizontal deformation showed left-lateral strike slip motion near the Qilian-Haiyuan Fault. 3)The strong earthquakes usually occur in the active faults where intensive gravity change and vertical and/or horizontal deformation occurred. The extrusion deformation, surface compression rate and gravity changes were obvious near the epicenter of 2016 Menyuan earthquake. The 2013 Minxian-Zhangxian MS6.6 earthquake occurred in the direction-turning area of intense gravity gradient zone and the transitional area of surface compression and vertical deformation. The first author of this paper has made a medium-term forecast before the Minxian and Menyuan earthquakes, especially the location of the earthquake. Based on the above understandings, we emphasized that:there are still possibilities of strong or huge earthquakes within medium-long term in the areas of crustal deformation anomalies in the study region. 相似文献
6.
7.
Izumi Yokoyama 《Bulletin of Volcanology》1989,51(5):333-345
Microgravity measurements and levelling surveys on volcanoes are not always easy to make, but are useful for studying volcanic processes quantitatively. Gravity changes associated with volcanic activity are not always significant. Precision of microgravity measurements depend critically on the procedures adopted, and those applied in the present paper are described. Levelling technique is now orthodox, and some empirical laws relating ground deformation to volcanic activity are deduced from the accumulated data. Gravity changes occur at the same time and places as ground deformations. The relationship between microgravity and height changes are discussed from the standpoint of analyzing the data obtained on volcanoes. The observational results obtained on four volcanoes in Japan are separately analyzed because each volcano exhibits different patterns of gravity changes and deformations. During the 1977–1982 activity of Usu volcano, deformation was accompanied by microgravity changes frequently observed at a particular benchmark at the base of the volcano for about five years. The gravity changes prove to be not a direct effect of magma movements but to be caused by the deformations of ground strata and aquifers around the benchmark. The 1983 eruption of Miyakejima volcano was associated with local gravity changes around the eruptive fissures due to magma intrusion which was approximately modelled. Similarly the 1986 eruption of Ooshima volcano caused gravity changes on the volcano, but these were poorly correlated with elevation changes and their origins were not uniquely interpreted. To detect gravity changes associated with the activity of Sakurajima volcano, an equigravity point was selected at the north of the volcano besides the gravity points on and around the volcano itself. The probable gradual accumulation of magmas beneath the volcano for eight years is substantiated by observed microgravity and elevation changes. 相似文献
8.
—The interpretation of the results of regional and local leveling which began in 1977 in the Mexicali Valley and the local short profile precision leveling which started in 1994 are discussed. The relation of vertical deformations around the Cerro Prieto Geothermal Field (CPGF) and along the Imperial fault, with local tectonics and seismicity in the Mexicali Valley, is reviewed. Also the relation between vertical deformation and fluid operation in the CPGF is analyzed. The subsidence observed in the field seems to be induced by fluid extraction. The way in which fluid production influences surface changes along the Imperial fault is not clear. The possibility that seismicity is triggering subsidence in the area and vertical movement on the Imperial fault is discussed. 相似文献
9.
Yu. O. Kuzmin 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2013,49(5):626-642
The results of analyzing the long (20–50 years) time series of geodetic observations carried out in the regions with enhanced seismotectonic activity (Kopet Dag, Kamchatka, and California) are presented. It is established that recent vertical and horizontal displacements in the fault zones estimated by instrumental geodetic observations with increased spatiotemporal resolution indicate that the deformations in the fault zones paradoxically deviate from the movements inherited from the previous geological epochs. The paradoxes of high and low deformation rates in recent geodynamics lie in the reliably established empirical fact that extremely high local deformation rates (up to 10?5 per annum and higher) exist in the fault zones in the setting of weak regional deformations, whose annual rates are by two to three orders of magnitude lower. Very low annual average rates of relative horizontal deformations, which only measure 3–5 amplitudes of tidal deformations of the solid Earth, are revealed in the seismically active regions of Kopet Dag and Kamchatka as well as in the San Andreas Fault Zone in northern California. The fault-block dilemma arising in the interpretation of the observations of recent fault geodynamics is formulated. Either the role of active element, which forms the present anomalous deformations, is played by a block, while a fault plays the role of the passive element, or the fault zone itself is a source of anomalous movements, while the blocks are passive elements (hosting medium). It is shown that paradoxes of low and high deformation rates vanish if we assume that the recent anomalous geodynamics is formed by parametric excitation of the deformation processes in the fault zones in the conditions of quasi-static loading. 相似文献
10.
在断层面上引入速率-状态相依摩擦本构关系、考虑铲形逆冲断层几何结构特征、断层下盘和上盘中下地壳及上地幔为黏弹性介质、上盘上地壳为弹塑性介质,本文用二维有限元动力学模型模拟了龙门山断层上大震准周期复发行为、分析了断层上地震孕育位置、地震周期不同阶段的应力/应变场演化特征.不同于近垂直走滑断层上的地震周期行为,大陆铲形逆冲断层上的构造应力的积累和释放过程更复杂、有其独特性.我们得到如下认识：（1）铲形逆冲断层上的地震复发是准周期行为.（2）龙门山断层最大库仑应力位于断层17~20 km深处,应力长期积累和同震释放都在此深度最大,说明地震会在此处孕育、发动.（3）在断层破裂的深部和浅部,同震滑动大小和构造应力释放大小并非同步,而是差异悬殊.（4）地震仅部分释放区域积累的应变能,断层上盘上地壳顶部和底部的褶皱、破裂等永久变形形式也是释放应变能的重要形式.（5）应变能密度增量的演化图像分为：震间、同震、震后期,清晰反应了龙门山断层附近的地震动力学过程.（6）地震发生除释放能量外,同时也对近断层的中地壳和断层底部有很大的应变能加载;这些加载,在震后期可能通过震后滑移、余震或中下地壳乃至上地幔的驰豫形变用几十年时间释放.以上对大陆内铲形逆冲断层上变形特征的了解,有助于我们在其地震周期行为中评估地震危险性. 相似文献
11.
ＧｒａｖｉｔｙａｎｄｇｒａｖｉｔｙｇｒａｄｉｅｎｔｃｈａｎｇｅｓｃａｕｓｅｄｂｙａｐｏｉｎｔｄｉｓｌｏｃａｔｉｏｎＪｉａｎ－ＬｉａｎｇＨＵＡＮＧ；ＨｕｉＬＩａｎｄＲｕｉ－ＨａｏＬＩ（黄建梁，李辉，李瑞浩）（ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＳｅｉｓｍｏｌｏｇｙ，... 相似文献
12.
在假设临汾台水准出现2次巨幅形变异常为断裂错动的情况下,笔者基于矩形断层位错模型模拟了罗云山断裂(土门-峪里段)错动所引起的垂直形变场分布,并通过D-InSAR技术对研究区域内的地面形变场进行了实测。分析结果表明:1从理论上讲,罗云山断裂(土门-峪里段)错动是可以产生长轴与断裂走向平行的椭圆状变形区域,其中,位于断裂上盘的区域中心变形量最大,变形量向外围逐渐衰减为零;2次错动导致的变形波及范围分别约为长轴18km和26km,短轴12km和17km;显著变形幅度分别约为1—3mm和4—14mm。2而同期D-InSAR实测形变场显示,临汾台水准出现2次巨幅异常期间,研究区域内未发现与断裂走向一致的连续变形区域,仅在盆地内部存在可能由于过量开采地下水所导致的地面沉降,其变形范围约为10—12mm和1—5mm。3实测形变场与理论形变场在变形区域和变形幅度上均不一致,说明断裂活动不是临汾台水准出现2次巨幅形变的主要原因,可能为断裂上盘的土层点局部变形所致。4通过断层位错模型的理论模拟与D-InSAR技术的实际监测相结合,可以有效地确定临汾台跨断层水准出现的2次巨幅形变异常的性质,可为重大水准异常的核实提供科学依据。 相似文献
13.
ＣｒｕｓｔａｌｄｅｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｅｉｓｍｏｇｅｎｉｃｆａｕｌｔａｎｄｉｔｓｓｕｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇａｒｅａａｆｔｅｒｔｈｅＴａｎｇｓｈａｎｅａｒｔｈｑｕａｋｅＪＵＥＭＩＮＸＩＥ（谢觉民）ＲＵＯＢＡＩＷＡＮＧ（王若柏）ＷＡＮＧＪＵＢＯ（... 相似文献
14.
15.
Wenke Sun 《地震科学（英文版）》2014,27(2):217-227
This paper reviews the recent advances in computing coseismic deformations, and their contributions to seismology and geodesy. At first, an overview on the history of the dislocation theory development is given in the introduction section. Then, emphasis are given on some new developments through few examples in the following sections, such as the new dislocation theory for a 3D Earth model, a new computing scheme on coseismic deflection change of vertical, the relation of dislocation Love number and the conventional Love numbers, the application of dislocation theory applied in satellite gravity observations, the coseismic deformations observed by GRACE, and a new method to determine dislocation Love numbers by GRACE. Furthermore, some advanced theoretical and cases studies are introduced to illustrate how dislocation theory is important in interpret geodetic data, or invert seismic slip for co- and post-seismic processes, using seismic and geodetic data. Final remarks are given in the last section, with discussions, conclusions, comments on existing problems, and expected methods to solve them. 相似文献
16.
A. D. Basov 《Seismic Instruments》2011,47(2):191-201
The results of long-term measurements of residual deformations in the area of the Severomuiskii tunnel during its construction
are given. Comparison of spatial and temporal distributions between deformations and earthquakes shows that they are interrelated.
The nonlinear behavior of disintegrated and waterlogged rocks within tectonic fault zones should be taken into account even
for moderate intensity earthquakes, since they are accompanied by ground subsidence. Underground workings within such sites
are subjected to loads that are greater than expected according to current hypotheses, which are the basis for calculations
of rock pressure. It is established that the most probable mechanism of ground subsidence and residual deformation in underground
workings could be the gravity load of the overlying strata of disintegrated and waterlogged rocks within a fault zone, which
leads to instability of the rocks. Approximate stress estimations are made on the basis of the results of measurements of
residual deformations of roof supports (linings). 相似文献
17.
Characterization of Fault Zones 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
— There are currently three major competing views on the essential geometrical, mechanical, and mathematical nature of faults. The standard view is that faults are (possibly segmented and heterogeneous) Euclidean zones in a continuum solid. The continuum-Euclidean view is supported by seismic, gravity, and electromagnetic imaging studies; by successful modeling of observed seismic radiation, geodetic data, and changes in seismicity patterns; by detailed field studies of earthquake rupture zones and exhumed faults; and by recent high resolution hypocenter distributions along several faults. The second view focuses on granular aspects of fault structures and deformation fields. The granular view is supported by observations of rock particles in fault zone gouge; by studies of block rotations and the mosaic structure of the lithosphere (which includes the overall geometry of plate tectonics); by concentration of deformation signals along block boundaries; by correlation of seismicity patterns on scales several times larger than those compatible with a continuum framework; and by strongly heterogeneous wave propagation effects on the earth's surface. The third view is that faults are fractal objects with rough surfaces and branching geometry. The fractal view is supported by some statistical analysis of regional hypocenter locations; by long-range correlation of various measurements in geophysical boreholes; by the fact that observed power-law statistics of earthquakes are compatible with an underlying scale-invariant geometrical structure; by geometrical analysis of fault traces at the earth's surface; and by measurements of joint and fault surfaces topography.¶There are several overlaps between expected phenomenology in continuum-Euclidean, granular, and fractal frameworks of crustal deformation. As examples, highly heterogeneous seismic wavefields can be generated by granular media, by fractal structures, and by ground motion amplification around and scattering from an ensemble of Euclidean fault zones. A hierarchical granular structure may have fractal geometry. Power-law statistics of earthquakes can be generated by slip on one or more heterogeneous planar faults, by a fractal collection of faults, and by deformation of granular material. Each of the three frameworks can produce complex spatio-temporal patterns of earthquakes and faults. At present the existing data cannot distinguish unequivocally between the three different views on the nature of fault zones or determine their scale of relevance. However, in each observational category, the highest resolution results associated with mature large-displacement faults are compatible with the standard continuum-Euclidean framework. This can be explained by a positive feedback mechanism associated with strain weakening rheology and localization, which attracts the long-term evolution of faults toward progressive regularization and Euclidean geometry. A negative feedback mechanism associated with strain hardening during initial deformation phases and around persisting geometrical irregularities and conjugate sets of faults generates new fractures and granularity at different scales. We conclude that long-term deformation in the crust, including many aspects of the observed spatio-temporal complexity of earthquakes and faults, may be explained to first order within the continuum-Euclidean framework. 相似文献
18.
利用GPS和GRACE观测数据研究了日本MW9.0地震的震后变形特征.GPS观测显示,区域震后位移呈现随指数函数变化特征,变化速率符合大森公式的衰减特性;近五年的震后水平位移累积已达到东向60~165 cm,南向20~65 cm的量值,距震中较远站点已超过同震变化量,且震后变形仍然持续.GRACE观测到显著的震后重力变化,地震破裂两侧的重力变化总体均呈上升趋势,但海洋侧的变化速率较快.联合震后余滑和黏弹性位错理论对震后变形进行了模拟,探索了GPS和GRACE观测的综合应用方法.研究发现,综合考虑震后余滑和黏滞性松弛效应可以对日本地震的震后变形做出较合理的解释,震后初期余滑起主要作用,1至2年以后逐渐减弱,黏滞性松弛作用逐渐增强.在震后变形模拟和区域黏滞性结构反演中形成GPS和GRACE观测结合应用的方法,先基于震后GPS形变估算区域黏滞性结构,而后利用GRACE观测修正深部的黏滞系数,并综合利用这两种观测微调浅层黏滞系数,最终确定区域黏滞性结构.基于该方法反演了日本震源区的地幔黏滞性结构,地震断层破裂两侧的流变参数存在差异,大陆侧的地幔顶层黏滞系数在1.0×1019 Pa·s量级,而海洋侧的则略小于大陆的,在6.0×1018 Pa·s量级. 相似文献
19.
采用Yoshimitsu Okada及Steketee的断裂位错模型和汶川地震现有成果,通过坐标转换和合成矢量的方法将断裂位错模型用于映秀—北川断裂、灌县—安县断裂和北川—青川断裂组成的断裂系统的错动研究中,理论上计算龙门山近断裂地区的水平位移场(包括沿走向和垂直走向方向)和垂直位移场从震源到地表的分布.模型参数源于现有的研究成果和野外实地考察,计算得到的地表位移场与先前研究成果,包括GPS实测数据,具有的近似性表明了模型的正确性.但GPS只能测定地表水平和垂直变形,对于地下变形情况及其分布却无法描述;目前对于地下变形的研究主要基于对大量仪器记录的地震资料进行反演或通过野外观测进行推测;但是反演多集中于空间较大范围,这样虽可阐述断裂运动引起的大范围位移趋势,而对于震源附近空间介质位移的描述却略显粗糙;同时,野外观测误差较大.本文通过理论模型计算汶川地震中近断裂区域(距断裂50km)内的位移及分布.由计算发现在近断裂区域内垂直位移场和垂直走向方向位移场变化趋势一样,幅值都是从震源到地表逐渐减小;沿断裂走向方向的水平位移场从震源到地表逐渐变大,同时计算还表明位移场的变化在断裂上盘比下盘剧烈,余震分布主要集中于断裂上盘,这说明余震分布和位移剧烈程度存在某种相关性. 相似文献
20.
应用芦山MS7.0地震震中附近跨断层及连续形变观测资料, 分析了芦山地震前不同阶段地形变变化的特点, 讨论了震中附近区域异常时空演化过程. 结果表明: ① 自2013年1月起, 沿鲜水河断裂带一些跨断层基线观测到显著的加速转折变化, 沿安宁河、 则木河断裂带个别场地的跨断层水准基线, 2010年以来出现的巨幅异常等是突出的场兆变化; 沿龙门山断裂带一些水准观测在汶川MS8.0地震后持续的调整变化具有近震源区变形特征. ② 鲜水河、 龙门山和安宁河3条主要断裂围成的三叉口地区, 地倾斜、 应变、 重力及断层水准和蠕变观测临震前均未有显著的异常变化, GPS水平、 垂直位移年速率最小, 该地区是形变变化或形变异常分布的“空区”. ③ 在对近场与远场多种连续形变数据通过傅里叶变换提取年周期成分后发现, 临震前2—3年近震源区域的地倾斜、 重力年变化幅度不是增大, 而是减小. 芦山MS7.0地震前观测到的形变前兆现象特征与汶川MS8.0地震等震前的前兆现象较为接近. 因此, 芦山地震前近震源区及外围形变异常分布特征不是个别的现象. 相似文献