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以2020年1月19日伽师M S6.4地震现场烈度调查结果为基础,综合余震分布、发震构造及仪器烈度值等研究成果,确定了本次地震的烈度分布。此次地震极震区烈度为Ⅷ度(8度),Ⅵ度(6度)区及以上总面积为7599 km 2。分析各个烈度区内不同结构房屋的震害,结果表明,震害较重房屋主要是由于这些房屋年久失修,施工质量不高,缺乏必要的抗震措施等自身原因造成的,其中没有抗震措施的砖木结构房屋是震害主体。随着新疆地区农村房屋的抗震性能提高,在以后的地震烈度调查中,需要现场调查人员依据不同结构房屋的破坏等级及平均震害指数等参数综合判定调查点的烈度值,在没有明显震害的低烈度区,仪器烈度值将会成为烈度图绘制的重要依据。 相似文献
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农村民房的地震破坏特征与震害预测 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
本文基于对中国西部和华北地区20世纪发生的21次历史地震的震害考察和10余次地震的现场震害调查资料的分析研究,总结归纳了农村木架房屋、墙体承重房屋、混合承重房屋、土坯拱窑、黄土崖窑、砖平房、多层砖混房在地震烈度为Ⅵ度、Ⅶ度、Ⅷ度、Ⅸ度、Ⅹ度时的震害表现,介绍了建筑物震害程度等级的划分与标准、破坏性地震在Ⅵ度-Ⅺ度区内各种结构类型农村民房破坏的烈度标志,给出了各种结构类型农村民房在地震烈度Ⅵ度-Ⅺ度情况下的震害预测结果,探讨了在造价增加不多的情况下,提高农村民房抗震能力的可行性。 相似文献
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根据汶川地震各烈度区内变电站破坏状况、停运状况以及恢复时间的统计,分析了不同烈度区变电站地震破坏和功能失效特点和模式,定义了变电站震害指数,得出了设防烈度为Ⅶ度的变电站地震破坏和功能失效的震害指数与烈度的Di-Ⅰ关系曲线,并结合我国电力设施抗震设计标准,外推了设防烈度Ⅵ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ度变电站的Di-Ⅰ曲线,由此建立了基于抗震设防烈度和震害统计的变电站震害快速评估方法(FI-EDS法).通过德阳地区49个110kV及以上变电站的震害实例,对评估方法进行检验,结果表明,用本文方法快速评估得出的变电站破坏等级,0级偏差比率为47％,±1级偏差比率为45％,±2级偏差比率为8％.本文评估方法具有可接受的精度,并且可操作性强. 相似文献
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田启文 《地震工程与工程振动》1983,(3)
本文把地震烈度作为震害(以震害指数为基础变量)论域中的模糊子集,确定了烈度模糊集Ⅵ一Ⅹ的隶属函数;用模式识别的直接方法和α-截集的概念得到了烈度和震害指数的两种对应关系,在Ⅷ、Ⅸ、Ⅹ度,这些关系和《中国地震烈度表(1980)》完全一致,而在Ⅵ和Ⅶ度则有所不同。这些结果可直接应用于烈度评定工作中。 相似文献
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研究发现汶川地震公路桥梁震害调查数据中低烈度区(Ⅵ度和Ⅶ度区)桥梁数量,相对于高烈度区而言,不够全面详实,大量缺乏对完好桥梁的记录,基于调查数据建立的震害矩阵与实际情况有较大偏差。为提高其可靠性,在缺乏相关资料的背景下,认为灾区场地条件类似,按照桥梁调查数量与烈度区面积相关的原则对低烈度区的调查数据予以补充。之后,制作出各地震烈度下的破坏概率直方图,通过拟合常见的几种经验分布函数对公路桥梁震害矩阵进行了改进。 相似文献
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对九寨沟7.0级地震松潘至九寨沟各烈度区的房屋结构特点和震害特征进行了分析。该地区新建建筑(尤其是框架结构)抗震性能良好,砖混、砖木等结构整体性较差,地震中损坏普遍。通过计算分析震害指数后发现,框架结构震害指数远小于土木、砖木结构;在Ⅵ度区框架结构震害指数普遍为0,随烈度增加,框架结构的震害指数快速增加,而增加幅度逐渐减小。此外,探讨了缺乏建筑物的地区以及建筑物结构为单一框架结构地区的烈度评定问题并给出了相关的建议,以期对今后的地震现场工作起到参考借鉴作用。 相似文献
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2020年5月18日巧家县发生5.0级地震，结合震区背景信息和现场调查，详细阐述此次地震烈度分布和房屋震害特征，并计算各类结构房屋的震害指数和破坏比。调查发现，本次地震的最高烈度为Ⅵ度，长轴呈NW向，与灾区地震地质构造背景、仪器烈度分布具有较好的一致性。对比分析本次地震与昭通地区、云南其他地区近年来大小相近的历史地震Ⅵ度区震害指数，结果表明，本次地震房屋震害指数相较于昭通其他地区明显偏低，但比云南其他地区偏高。分析认为，近年来巧家县各项房屋改造工程切实提高了当地房屋抗震水平，但仍需加强房屋改造建设，尤其是加快推进老旧房屋拆除及新房建设工作，进一步提升房屋抗震能力。 相似文献
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基于2013年四川芦山MS7.0地震宏观调查点、调查烈度和强震仪记录数据,采用四川省地震局强震动监测技术组计算得到的各台仪器烈度值,绘制了芦山MS7.0地震宏观调查点与调查烈度等震线和仪器烈度等值线分布图,分析了芦山MS7.0地震的仪器烈度与调查烈度的对应关系。结果表明:仪器烈度与调查烈度有较好的对应关系,仪器烈度Ⅵ度点在调查烈度Ⅵ度以上区域总体占比为88.24%,仪器烈度Ⅶ度点在调查烈度Ⅶ度以上区域内总体占比为81.82%;仪器烈度的等值线高值范围可较好展示出地震灾害的程度;仪器烈度区的空间分布特征可表征芦山MS7.0的发震断裂的控制作用,仪器烈度的等值线区总体呈现沿龙门山断裂带方向相对于垂直方向衰减慢;仪器烈度的等值线区发震断裂上盘影响范围相对发震断裂下盘影响范围大;仪器烈度分布与调查烈度分布既有对应关系又存在差异,这在震后短时间内灾区的震灾信息尚不清楚的情况下,能够快速对可能的震害涉及范围、人员伤亡分布、经济损失和生命线工程等损失作出预估,仪器烈度分布可以为应急救援决策、救灾方案制定和救灾力量... 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,(3)
正SCIENCE CHINA Earth Sciences,an academic journal cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press and Springer,is committed to publishing high-quality,original results in both basic and applied research. 相似文献
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《国际泥沙研究》2014,(4)
正Director:Shangfu Kuang,China Vice-directors:Chunhong Hu,China Duihu Ning,China Guangquan Liu,China The International Research and Training Center on Erosion and Sedimentation(IRTCES)was jointly set up by the Government of China and UNESCO on July 21,1984.It aims at the promotion of international exchange of knowledge and cooperation in the studies of erosion and 相似文献
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Richard D. Hey 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1979,4(1):59-72
Feedback mechanisms, which operate upstream through drawdown and backwater effects and downstream through sediment discharge are responsible for channel evolution. By combining these mechanisms with channel processes it euables a dynamic process-response model to be developed to simulate the initial evolution of straight gravel-bed channels. When erosion commences on a land surface, sediment entrained in the headwater reach by hydraulic action is selectively transported, deposited and reworked. This produces a damped oscillation between degradation and aggradation as the channel and valley respond to spatial and temporal variations in sediment calibre and hydraulic conditions. The initial cut and fill phases are responsible for valley incision and floodplain development while secondary and subsequent activity can produce river terraces. Eventually sediment entrainment in the headwaters declines as slopes are reduced. Subsequent channel evolution is relatively insignificant because it is dependent on local weathering activity producing material that can be transported on declining slopes. Therefore landforms produced during the initial phase of development, when local weathering was non-limiting, dominate the landscape. 相似文献
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Based on relocating the Jiujiang-Ruichang earthquake sequence which occurred on November 26, 2005 in Jiangxi Province with the double-difference （DD） algorithm and master event technique, the paper discusses the focal mechanism of the main shock （MsS.7） and the probable seismo-tectonics. The precise relocation results indicate that the average horizontal error is 0.31kin in a EW direction and 0.40kin in a NS direction, and the average depth error is 0.48kin. The focal depths vary from 8kin to 14kin, with the predominant distribution at 10kin - 12kin. The epicenter of the main shock is relocated to be 29.69^oN, 115.74^oE and the focal depth is about 10.Skin. Combining the predominant distribution of the earthquake sequence, the focal mechanism of the main shock and the tectonic conditions of N-E- and NW-strike faults growth in the seismic region, we infer that the main shock of the earthquake sequence was caused by a NW striking buried fault in the Rnichang basin. The nature of seismic faults needs to be further explored. 相似文献
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《水文科学杂志》2013,58(6)
Abstract The western reservoirs represent the principal groundwater system in Morocco. Demographic, industrial and agricultural developments during the last decade have markedly altered groundwater quality. The Mamora coastal aquifer system is among the Atlantic systems which are most heavily threatened by pollution. Agricultural and industrial activities, and rapid urban growth contribute to the pollution of the groundwater. Contamination transport is facilitated by a high permeability of the aquifer formations. In order to assess the actual groundwater quality of the Mamora aquifer and to understand the influence of the factors generating the pollution, an extensive multidisciplinary research programme is in progress, with hydrochemistry and microbiology playing essential roles. The present paper concerns the spatial distribution of physico-chemical parameters in the groundwater, subjected to domestic, industrial and agricultural pollution. Fifty-seven samples were analysed for several parameters (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl?, SO4 2?, HCO3 ?, NO3 ?, pH, electrical conductivity and temperature). The microbiological analysis of 143 samples reveals the presence of four kinds of indicator bacteria in the groundwater resources: faecal Streptococci, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli and Clostridium. The physico-chemical results and bacteriological monitoring show that the nitrate and bacteria concentrations exceed the maximum admissible levels, notably around pumping stations in the sectors of Sidi Taibi, Sidi Ahmed Taleb and Aïn Sbaâ. Contamination is generated by uncontrolled anthropogenic activities and accentuated by the high intrinsic vulnerability of the aquifer system. Several parameters appeared to exceed admissibility standards. Measures are recommended to prevent groundwater pollution in the region. 相似文献
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K.-G. Malle 《洁净——土壤、空气、水》1992,20(4):196-204
Zinc in the Environment. In 1990 the world production of zinc ammounted to 7 Mio. metric tons. The main areas of application were: galvanization, alloys like brass and zinc metal. The content in the earth crust varies between 10–300 ppm zinc with a mean of 70 ppm. Uncontaminated surface waters contain less than 10 mg/m3 zinc. Apart from civilization air contains 1–10 ng zinc per m3. These background concentrations are exceeded by orders of magnitude in zinc deposit areas and where anthropogenic influences predominate. Accumulation can occur in sediments and sewage sludge. Molluscs and Algae also accumulate zinc. Zinc is essential for live. With normal food the zinc supply of man is just sufficient. Bioaccumulation of zinc towards man or chronic oversupply of man is not known. Zinc has no teratogenic or mutagenic effects, a suspicion on a carcinogenic effect proved wrong. In stockbreeding and plant cultivation a minimum supply of zinc is necessary. Plants are relatively less sensitive against higher soil contents of zinc. Considering the toxicological and ecotoxicological effects of zinc in the environment, the critical organismens are marine invertebratae like tubifex, daphnia, gammarus and algae. But normally only a minor part of the total zinc contest is biologically available, depending on salt content and pH of the waters. 相似文献