共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 312 毫秒
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震前多种前兆异常形态特征及预测意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对1970年以来华北地区31次MS≥5.0地震前多种前兆异常形态特征进行了系统研究, 结果认为: ① 在强震前短临阶段, 普遍存在垂直形变和水位异常形态的四象限性分布, 且这种象限分布特征与主震震源机制解具有一定的相关性。 即在压缩区, 垂直形变上升, 水位亦上升。 在膨胀区, 垂直形变和水位都下降; ② 地倾斜异常在近源区与远源区具有明显的差异, 其中多数强震前表现为距离震中近的台站向与震中相反的方向倾斜, 而远离震中的台站, 其倾斜方向指向震中; ③ 地电阻率异常形态以下降为主; 多数水化异常(气体)表现为短期上升而临震转平或下降; 电磁波通常为短临异常。 基于上述前兆异常形态特征, 特别是垂直形变和水位异常形态的四象限分布特点, 提出了根据前兆场异常特征判断发震地点和孕震状态的思路。 相似文献
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采用形变速率，静压订正及固体潮渭和分析等方法从多种形主资料提取粤闽交界地区地震形变的中期前兆信息，并据此研究了形变异常的特征。最后，从形变机理，异常信息合成及信息可信度评估等方面讨论了该区地震形变前兆的可信度，认为该区震前形变速率及地壳特性等反常变化可视作地震形变的中期前兆，震兆异常具有准同步群体性，发展阶段性和空间分布密集性等异常时空分布特征，震兆可信度达０．５以上。 相似文献
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地震孕育过程中形变趋势变化形态的理论分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用流变介质包体模型理论中体应变解析解计算分析了孕震过程中不同观测点的形态异常特征，结果表明，硬包体产生的体应变具有明显的3阶段过程，软包体却只有2个阶段的特点，但它们的形态特征不仅都具有象限性与地区性，而且还随震中距的不同而不同。岩石实验结果也表明，观测点距破裂面的距离不同，其形态特征也不同。在理论分析与岩石实验结果一致的基础上，分析了张北地震与景泰地震前形变异常的形态特征，即具有明显的地区性与象限性；并且形态特征随震中距的变化而不同；变化幅度也随震中距的增大而减小。基于对形变异常形态特征的理解，提出了利用形态特征预测、判断发震地点及孕震状态的思路。 相似文献
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文章综述了大震前地形变、震前小震综合断层面解、波速异常、地电阻率、地震活动性等一些前兆量在空间上呈现象限性分布的观测事实及其理论论述,这种现象已被用来预测地震危险区;文章指出,研究震前一些前兆量的象限性分布对揭开震源应力场的变化过程有着重要意义。 相似文献
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把研究区划分为孕震区和外围区 ,按层次分析地震前兆异常动态演变的方法 ,分析研究 2 0 0 0年 1月 1 5日云南省姚安 6 5级地震前 ,震源区及其周围中等地震活动空间分布、小震群活动、地震危险度D及地下流体、地磁、地电、地形变等前兆手段异常变化 ,得出了姚安 6 5级地震孕育过程前兆异常动态演变特征。其主要特征为 :1 .孕震区地震活动演变方式为活动增强 -异常平静 -发震 ;2 .孕震区外围附近地区地震活动表现为平静 -活动增强 ,当地震孕育进入中期阶段 ,地震活动形成地震密集区 ;3.地震孕育发展中短期阶段 ,地下流体、地磁、地电、地形变等多项前兆手段出现同步异常变化 ,至短临阶段 ,这些异常大多出现转折或恢复 相似文献
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在分析地震活动性、地壳形变和其它前兆资料基础上指出，１９９０年景泰６．２级地震前后甘肃东南部地区的区域异常具有变化速率小，起始时间不同步，异常反映的力学性质不一致等特征，其中以异常变化速率小最为显著。该特征与地壳形变及地震活动性异常变化有较好的一致性。通过分析，认为景泰６．２级地震前甘肃东南部地区出现的群体异常是共和７．０级地震和景泰６．２级地震的区域性前兆，震后该区持续的异常变化反映了强震后大范围内的应力调整过程。甘肃东南部地区构造环境特殊，该地区可能是南北地震带第５、第６强震组的共同调整区之一。 相似文献
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强震前地电阻率短期异常特征与识别标志研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从地震信息“场”的概念出发，利用空间线性度方法，对强震近震源区的地电阻率观测资料进行组合计算，得到描述孕震过程中震源区附近新的前兆特征量——空间线性度。本文分析计算了华北地区发生的7次6级以上强震前的地电阻率观测资料，结果表明，强震前半年内震源区附近的空间线性度α有明显的下降异常变化。 相似文献
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对１９９２年１２月云南永胜５．４，５．１级地震前的地震活动时空分布，某些前兆异常过程进行了分析讨论，并发现了有３个较为明显的特征；１．震前４个半月在滇西北地区快速形成１条北东向地震条带；３．在孕震区范围内出现的前兆种类少，持续时间短，空间较分散；３．永胜地震前滇西北地区的地震活动表现出显著的平静－密集－发震的特征。 相似文献
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IntroductionMigration and inhomogeneity are important two of the characteristics in the temporal-spatial distribution of earthquake precursors, which have been dealt with by MEI, et al (1993) comprehensively with their proposed explanation. The obvious quadrant feature in spatial distribution of earthquake precursors has been drawn with the explanation for its mechanism developed in some case studies in recent years. This paper deals mainly with the quadrant features derived from the analysis… 相似文献
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玉树和汶川地震前后区域水平形变的空间分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以1999—2007年和2009—2010年两个时间段的GNSS观测资料为基础, 借助于多核函数解析、 滤波和应变场的无偏算法以及区域无旋转基准, 在运动场连续变化的条件下获得了玉树MS7.1和汶川MS8.0地震前后青藏高原东南地域运动与形变场, 并得到如下基本认知: ① 玉树和汶川地震前震源区构造活动在空间和较长时间上明显弱化, 最大正应变和最大剪切应变均处在区域构造活动的最低水平。 ② 与地震破裂相应的旋剪形变最大部位既不位于震源区也不远离震源区, 似乎存在某种协调有序活动, 玉树地震发震构造断裂带基本上处在区域右旋活动与左旋活动的过渡区上, 而左旋活动最大条带却为平行于该断裂带且相距约150 km的东北构造活动区内; 汶川地震发震构造断裂虽处在右旋活动的龙门山断裂带上, 但右旋活动最大条带为平行于该断裂带且相距约200 km的西北活动区内。 ③ 玉树地震震时较大水平形变的范围较小, 汶川地震震后水平形变仍较突出。 ④ 理塘—德巫断裂带的北段及周边地区应给予关注, 面应变为象限分布图像, 最大正应变和最大剪切应变均显示闭锁的迹象。 相似文献
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Based on a simplified media model of Gonghe area, the precursor characteristics of Gonghe M7.0 earthquake in 1990 are simulated in this paper by using the constitutive relationship of binary medium (solid and water).
The results show that the simulated state distribution and extension variation of media are identical with the spatial and
temporal distribution of reliable anomalies before Gonghe earthquake. The study also suggests that the development of the
Gonghe earthquake has experienced a series of processes such as elastic deformation of large scale, early nonelastic dilatation,
strain softening and elastic recovery in the neighbour region of Xining, nonelastic dilatation of high dense block near seismic
source and earthquake occurrence. Therefore, it can be concluded that this earthquake development is neither a simple process
for fissures developing and linking up with one another, nor a process of nonelastic volume expansion and water flowing into
medium around seismic source, contrary, it is a complicated medium state changing process, and the style of such changing
depends on geological structure environment of seismic source and its neighbour region. It is considered that different earthquakes
are accompanied by different geological conditions, the spatial and temporal behavior of their precursors are certainly different. 相似文献
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WEN Xiang ZHOU Bin SHI Shui-ping QIN Jian LI Jia-ning HE Yan YAN Chun-heng LUO Yuan-peng 《地震地质》2019,41(4):927-943
Northwest Guangxi is located in the Youjiang fold belt and the Hunan-Guangxi fold belt of secondary structure unit of South China fold system. The South China fold was miogeosyncline in the early Paleozoic, the Caledonian fold returned and transformed into the standard platform, and the Indosinian movement ended the Marine sedimentary history, which laid the basic structural framework of this area. Since the neotectonic period, large areas have been uplifted intermittently in the region and Quaternary denudation and planation planes and some faulted basins have been developed. Affected by the strong uplift of Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, the topography of the region subsides from northwest to southeast, with strong terrain cutting and deep valley incision. Paleozoic carbonate rocks and Mesozoic clastic rocks are mainly exposed on the earth's surface, and its geomorphology is dominated by corrosion and erosion landforms. The dating results show that most of the structures in northwest Guangxi are middle Pleistocene active faults, and the movement mode is mainly stick-slip. According to the seismogeological research results of the eastern part of the Chinese mainland, the active faults of the middle Pleistocene have the structural conditions for generating earthquakes of about magnitude 6. In the northwest Guangxi, the crustal dynamic environment and geological structure are closely related to Sichuan and Yunnan regions. Under the situation that magnitude 6 earthquakes occurred successively in Sichuan and Yunnan region and magnitude 7 earthquakes are poised to happen, the risk of moderately strong earthquakes in the northwest Guangxi region cannot be ignored. Based on the analysis of deep structure and geophysical field characteristics, it is concluded that the Tian'e-Nandan-Huanjiang area in the northwestern Guangxi is not only the area with strong variation of the Moho surface isobath, but also the ML3.0 seismic gap since September 2015, and the abnormal low b value area along the main fault. Regions with these deep structural features often have the conditions for moderately strong earthquakes. The paper systematically analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution features and mechanism of regional gravitational field and horizontal crust movement and further studies and discusses the changes of regional gravitational field, crustal horizontal deformation and interaction between geologic structure and seismic activity based on 2014-2018 mobile gravity measurements and 2015-2017 GPS observation data in the northwestern Guangxi. The results show that:1)On July 15, 2017, a MS4.0 earthquake in Nandan happened near the center of four quadrants of changes of gravity difference, and the center of abnormal area is located at the intersection of the Mulun-Donglang-Luolou Fault, the Hechi-Nandan Fault and the Hechi-Yizhou Fault. The dynamic graph of differential scale gravitational field reflects the gravity changes at the epicenter before and after the Nandan earthquake, which is a process of system evolution of "local gravity anomaly to abnormal four-quadrant distribution features → to earthquake occurring at the turning point of gravity gradient zone and the zero line to backward recovery variation after earthquake". Meanwhile, according to the interpretation of focal mechanism of the Nandan earthquake, seismogram and analysis of seismic survey results, the paper thinks that the four-quadrant distribution of positive and negative gravity, which is consistent with the effect of strike-slip type seismogenic fault before Nandan earthquake, demonstrates the existence of dextral strike-slip faulting; 2)The pattern of spatial distribution of gravitational field change in northwestern Guangxi is closely related to active fault. The isoline of cumulative gravity generally distributes along Nandan-Hechi Fault and Hechi-Yizhou Fault. The gravity on both sides of the fault zone is different greatly, and gradient zone has influences on a broad area; the spatial distribution of deformation field is generally featured by horizontal nonuniformity. Tian'e-Nandan-Huanjiang area is located at the high gradient zone of gravity changes and the horizontal deformation surface compressional transition zone, as well as near the intersection of Hechi-Yizhou Fault, Hechi-Nandan Fault and Du'an-Mashan Fault; 3)The geometric shape of gravitational field in northwestern Guangxi corresponds to the spatial distribution of horizontal crustal movement, which proves the exchange and dynamic action of material and energy in the region that cause the change and structural deformation of fault materials and the corresponding gravity change on earth's surface. The recent analysis of abnormal crustal deformation in northwestern Guangxi shows that Tian'e-Nandan-Huanjiang is a gradient zone of abnormal gravity change and also a horizontal deformation surface compressional transition zone. It locates at the section of significant change of Moho isobaths, the seismicity gap formed by ML3.0 earthquakes and the abnormal low b-value zone. According to comprehensive analysis, the region has the risk of moderately strong earthquake. 相似文献
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大同—阳高6.1级地震活动背景 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文从较大时空范围研究了１９８９年大同－阳高６．１级地震的地震活动性背景，认为大同－阳高地震不是一次孤立的地震事件，是大同盆地历史６级以上地震活动的继续和必然。在时间进程中它们受华北地震区和山西地震带强震活动周期的制约，空间上与北三省交汇区中强地震成丛活动密切相关。大同－阳高６．１级、５．８级地震以及此期间的侯马４．９级、析州５．１级地震是山西地震带中强地震即将活跃的一个迹象，也是华北区域应力场增 相似文献
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Shi-Rong Mei 《地震学报(英文版)》1996,9(1):1-12
In this paper, the stress concentration process and the time-space distribution of stress when earthquakes are in preparation
in one or more earthquake-generating bodies in a tectonic block have been analyzed and their relation with seismicity and
earthquake precursors have been studied. The results show that: 1 When the regional stress field has intensified to a certain
level, fracture begins in some block or blocks. The regional stress field will vary with time and the occurrence of strong
earthquakes in groups is the result of the evolution of this dynamic stress field. In this process, the existence and development
of more than one high stress concentration zone may give rise to a variety of pre-seismic anomaly-to-earthquake relations.
2 The process of stress variation in an earthquake-generating block generally appears as a nonlinear one. After the long-term
elastic deformation, there may be more than one time of inelastic deformation and fault-softening from the beginning of the
stage of inelastic deformation to just before the main fracture. Corresponding to such a nonlinearity, the stress and strain
fields in the earthquake-generating block will display a complex pattern of time-space evolution; and thus the earthquake
precursor fields controlled by stress and strain must display complexities in many aspects. 相似文献
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利用青藏高原东北缘2011-2015年期间的流动重力观测资料,系统分析了区域重力场变化及其与2016年1月21日青海门源MS6.4地震发生的关系,结合GNSS、水准观测成果和区域地质构造动力环境,进一步研究了区域重力场变化的时空分布特征及其机理.结果表明：（1）测区内重力场异常变化与祁连山断裂带在空间上关系密切,反映沿祁连山断裂带（段）在2011-2015年期间发生了引起地表重力变化效应的构造活动或变形.（2）门源MS6.4地震前,测区内先出现了较大空间范围的区域性重力异常,到临近发震前显示出相对闭锁的现象,且围绕震中区周围出现四象限分布特征的局部重力变化,地震发生在重力反向变化过程中,并出现显著的四象限分布特征的重力异常变化,其中,青海门源与甘肃天祝一带重力差异变化达100×10-8m·s-2以上.（3）区域重力场动态演化大体反映了青藏高原东北缘物质北东流的动态效应,门源震中附近区域地壳受挤压变形显著、面压缩率和重力剧烈变化的特征最为显著.（4）重力场的空间分布及其随时间变化与地壳垂直与水平运动及地质构造活动等观测结果有一定的对应关系,强震易发生在重力变化四象限分布中心地带或正、负异常区过渡的高梯度带上. 相似文献
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地震前地壳形变异常分布的非均匀性特征 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
利用Ｆ综合检验的理论,讨论了形变异常的定量化及检测准则。利用潮汐观测中的非潮汐形变讨论了大同和丽江地震前形变异常分布的非均匀性,并与地震活动的特征进行了对比。结果表明,震前１．５年左右,能检测出区域性的准同步形变异常,出现的异常空区可能是未来的地震危险区,且形变异常空区在震前应有强化或补偿现象。因而,在地震危险区的判定中首先面临的问题是地震孕育所处阶段的判定;在无法判别地震孕育阶段的情况下,形变异常台站周围和异常强度场中所出现的形变异常空区都是危险的。 相似文献