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在总结华北北部地区唐山、大同地震前地电阻率和形变前兆的象限性特征的基础上，分析并发现张北地震前的形变和地电阻率前兆也具有一定的象限性特征．说明前兆象限性的存在并非偶然，是与孕震体的存在有关．通过岩石实验与理论分析认为，在孕震过程中，前兆异常确实存在象限性特征．象限性的空间分布范围并不是固定不变，而是具有逐渐变大——最大——变小的过程．并且象限性的上升区与下降区（或压缩区与膨胀区）在近源区与远源区不同．如果基于对前兆象限性的认识，指导分析前兆异常不同形态异常的空间分布，对地震的可能发震地区预测将具有参考意义． 相似文献
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地震孕育过程中形变趋势变化形态的理论分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用流变介质包体模型理论中体应变解析解计算分析了孕震过程中不同观测点的形态异常特征，结果表明，硬包体产生的体应变具有明显的3阶段过程，软包体却只有2个阶段的特点，但它们的形态特征不仅都具有象限性与地区性，而且还随震中距的不同而不同。岩石实验结果也表明，观测点距破裂面的距离不同，其形态特征也不同。在理论分析与岩石实验结果一致的基础上，分析了张北地震与景泰地震前形变异常的形态特征，即具有明显的地区性与象限性；并且形态特征随震中距的变化而不同；变化幅度也随震中距的增大而减小。基于对形变异常形态特征的理解，提出了利用形态特征预测、判断发震地点及孕震状态的思路。 相似文献
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玉树和汶川地震前后区域水平形变的空间分布 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以1999—2007年和2009—2010年两个时间段的GNSS观测资料为基础, 借助于多核函数解析、 滤波和应变场的无偏算法以及区域无旋转基准, 在运动场连续变化的条件下获得了玉树MS7.1和汶川MS8.0地震前后青藏高原东南地域运动与形变场, 并得到如下基本认知: ① 玉树和汶川地震前震源区构造活动在空间和较长时间上明显弱化, 最大正应变和最大剪切应变均处在区域构造活动的最低水平。 ② 与地震破裂相应的旋剪形变最大部位既不位于震源区也不远离震源区, 似乎存在某种协调有序活动, 玉树地震发震构造断裂带基本上处在区域右旋活动与左旋活动的过渡区上, 而左旋活动最大条带却为平行于该断裂带且相距约150 km的东北构造活动区内; 汶川地震发震构造断裂虽处在右旋活动的龙门山断裂带上, 但右旋活动最大条带为平行于该断裂带且相距约200 km的西北活动区内。 ③ 玉树地震震时较大水平形变的范围较小, 汶川地震震后水平形变仍较突出。 ④ 理塘—德巫断裂带的北段及周边地区应给予关注, 面应变为象限分布图像, 最大正应变和最大剪切应变均显示闭锁的迹象。 相似文献
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Wang Ruobai 《中国地震研究》2005,19(3):327-337
INTRODUCTIONThe Zhangjiakou-Penglai fault zone has drawnextensive attentionfromseismologists and geologistssince it was determinedinthe1980’s(Zheng Binghua,et al.,1981).Ma Xingyuan,et al.(1989)consideredit asthe north boundaryof North China sub-block.Int… 相似文献
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Tian Qinjian 《中国地震研究》2007,21(1):74-84
The interaction zone between southern Tianshan and northern Tarim is located at the northeast side of Pamir. It is a region with high seismicity. We constructed a seismotectonic model for the west part of this zone from geological profiles, deep crust seismic detection and earthquake focal mechanisms data. Based on the synthesized geological features, deep crust structure, and earthquake focal mechanisms, we think that the main regional tectonic feature is that the Tianshan tecto-lithostratigraphic unit overthrusts on the Tarim block. The Tianshan tectonic system includes the Maidan fault and thrust sheets in front of the fault; The Tarim tectonic system includes the underground northern Tarim margin fault, conjugate faults in basement and overthrust fault in shallow. The northern Tarim margin fault is a high angle fault deep in the Tarim crust, adjusting different trending deformation between Tianshan and Tarim. It is a major active fault that can generate large earthquakes. The other faults, such as the Tianshan overthrust system and the Tarim basement faults in this area may generate moderately strong earthquakes with different styles. 相似文献
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南天山及塔里木北缘构造带位于帕米尔地区东北侧,地震活动强烈。文中通过地质构造剖面、深部探测资料和地震震源机制解资料,综合研究了该区的地震构造模型。结果认为,该区的构造活动主要表现为天山地块逆冲于塔里木地块之上。天山构造系统包括迈丹断裂及其前缘推覆构造;塔里木构造系统包括深部的塔里木北缘断裂、基底共轭断层和浅部的推覆构造。塔里木北缘断裂是发育于塔里木地壳内部的高角度断裂,其形成原因在于塔里木和天山构造变形方向的差异。塔里木北缘断裂为研究区大地震的主要发震构造,天山推覆构造和塔里木基底断裂系统均具有不同性质的中强地震发震能力 相似文献
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地震前地壳形变异常分布的非均匀性特征 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
利用Ｆ综合检验的理论,讨论了形变异常的定量化及检测准则。利用潮汐观测中的非潮汐形变讨论了大同和丽江地震前形变异常分布的非均匀性,并与地震活动的特征进行了对比。结果表明,震前１．５年左右,能检测出区域性的准同步形变异常,出现的异常空区可能是未来的地震危险区,且形变异常空区在震前应有强化或补偿现象。因而,在地震危险区的判定中首先面临的问题是地震孕育所处阶段的判定;在无法判别地震孕育阶段的情况下,形变异常台站周围和异常强度场中所出现的形变异常空区都是危险的。 相似文献
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1998年1月5日发生的泾阳Ms4.8级地震是陕西省近40年来发生的最大一次地震。对这次地震的构造背景和震前的各种异常现象进行了研究，发现震前该区地壳形变、地下流体和地震活动表现出长期、中期和短期的不同特征。对此次地震的构造背景作了分析，并根据岩石破裂实验和地震前兆理论对这次地震的孕育过程作了阶段性划分。 相似文献
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2008年5月12日汶川MS8.0地震前，位于震源区内的成都台2008年4月10—17日观测到非常强烈的地电场短临异常信号连续不断出现，25天后汶川大地震发生。本文基于地电场多极距原理和2007—2017年10年尺度的地电场观测资料回顾性地检查论证了可能与汶川地震有关的地电场异常前兆。研究结果显示，在与地震有关的强烈电信号中，4月10日23:00至4月11日3:40期间出现的强烈异常信号与4月11日4:00至4月16日12:00出现的40次脉冲信号并非源于同一地点，与4月17日2:00—3:00和22:00—23:00期间的异常信号也不是同源信号。这4个时段出现的大幅异常来自于不同位置的4个区域，暗示着地下的4个应力释放区。最后从机理上对该地电场异常信号进行了可能的解释，认为不同的应力积累区域可能是这些地电场异常信号的源区。由于成都台位于汶川特大地震的震源区内，故此次与地震有关的地电场异常信号可以作为汶川特大地震的孕震物理过程研究的重要参考指标。 相似文献
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对汶川地震前后山西断陷带及邻区的观测资料进行了处理,获得了2007-2008年的运动速率。此外,又以2003～2007年的运动速率为参照获得了汶川地震之后的偏离位移场,结果表明：1）运动似乎显得杂乱无章,观测误差也相对较大,这可能与观测时间段分别包含了地震前后有关;尽管如此,其运动分布仍有其特征,较明湿的为该带北段有向南的运动趋势,该段南部有向北的运动趋势,它们大致交汇于太原以南地区;2）震后的偏离位移场显现,汶川地震对山西断陷带有一定的影响,主要体现在断陷带的南部,这种影响以该段向北位移为主,量级为数毫米;而北段向西的偏移可能反映了来自于东侧的应力有所加强。总之,从危险性的角度来看,当前需密切关注的地域可能是该带的北端。 相似文献
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引潮力对显著地震触发作用与大震关系及在雅江地震预报中的应用 总被引：11，自引：2，他引：9
大地震的孕育和发生是震源区及其附近地壳应变能的积累和快速释放过程。当地震孕育到后期, 震源区及其附近应变能高度积累, 处于极不稳定的临界状态。因此, 地震短临预报方法必须基于临界状态的特点。临界状态的最重要特点是触发因素将起重要作用。固体潮的引潮力是一种重要的触发因素。笔者改进了过去仅用月亮固体潮引潮力的地方平太阴时方法, 而用月亮与太阳整个固体潮引潮力作为触发因素, 显然这样更为科学和合理。研究表明, 大地震前震源区及其附近发生的几次显著地震易受固体潮引潮力某个方位附近触发。并应用这一现象结合其他地震前兆方法成功预报了2001年2月23日四川雅江6. 0级地震。 相似文献
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哈萨克斯坦斋桑7.3级地震前后的地下流体动力学效应 总被引：6，自引：6，他引：6
分析了斋桑地震前后天山地震带不同观测井的地下流体动力学及水文地球化学地震前兆和后效的异常变化特征。认为:地震流体效应具有不可逆性,不同构造带,远距离的异常变化可能与地壳区域块体构造运动有关,强震后效敏感带反映了区域应力场的加强过程,亦可发展成为新的潜在震源区。 相似文献
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地震前兆含义,科学问题与研究途径的研讨 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
地震前兆的研究已经取得了很大的进展,地震前兆的复杂性引起了广泛的关注,对地震预报、有关科学问题和探索途径的研究现状及其前景有各种评价。文章认为由于一些科学问题没有解决,尽管对中缅边境１９９５年７月连７．３级地震作出了成功预报,经验性预报有一定的局限性,文中讨论了广义地震前兆和狭义地震前兆,广义地震前兆包含二类前兆：场兆和源兆;而狭义前兆仅指后者。大陆震例前兆的系统研究证实了广义地震前兆的存在,然而 相似文献
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区分"源兆"与"场兆",系地震预测探索中的重要课题。根据云南4组6级以上地震的地下流体前兆异常资料,系统分析了强震源兆的流体前兆异常特征。结果表明,在6级多强震的源兆区,即震中距100 km范围内,异常项目计有水位、水温、水氡、水汞及气汞;以中期、短期异常为主,临震异常很少;源兆异常台站和台项的比例均高于场兆。这些流体源兆特征的认识,可为利用流体异常判断地震危险区提供一定依据。 相似文献
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WEN Xiang ZHOU Bin SHI Shui-ping QIN Jian LI Jia-ning HE Yan YAN Chun-heng LUO Yuan-peng 《地震地质》2019,41(4):927-943
Northwest Guangxi is located in the Youjiang fold belt and the Hunan-Guangxi fold belt of secondary structure unit of South China fold system. The South China fold was miogeosyncline in the early Paleozoic, the Caledonian fold returned and transformed into the standard platform, and the Indosinian movement ended the Marine sedimentary history, which laid the basic structural framework of this area. Since the neotectonic period, large areas have been uplifted intermittently in the region and Quaternary denudation and planation planes and some faulted basins have been developed. Affected by the strong uplift of Yunnan-Guizhou plateau, the topography of the region subsides from northwest to southeast, with strong terrain cutting and deep valley incision. Paleozoic carbonate rocks and Mesozoic clastic rocks are mainly exposed on the earth's surface, and its geomorphology is dominated by corrosion and erosion landforms. The dating results show that most of the structures in northwest Guangxi are middle Pleistocene active faults, and the movement mode is mainly stick-slip. According to the seismogeological research results of the eastern part of the Chinese mainland, the active faults of the middle Pleistocene have the structural conditions for generating earthquakes of about magnitude 6. In the northwest Guangxi, the crustal dynamic environment and geological structure are closely related to Sichuan and Yunnan regions. Under the situation that magnitude 6 earthquakes occurred successively in Sichuan and Yunnan region and magnitude 7 earthquakes are poised to happen, the risk of moderately strong earthquakes in the northwest Guangxi region cannot be ignored. Based on the analysis of deep structure and geophysical field characteristics, it is concluded that the Tian'e-Nandan-Huanjiang area in the northwestern Guangxi is not only the area with strong variation of the Moho surface isobath, but also the ML3.0 seismic gap since September 2015, and the abnormal low b value area along the main fault. Regions with these deep structural features often have the conditions for moderately strong earthquakes. The paper systematically analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution features and mechanism of regional gravitational field and horizontal crust movement and further studies and discusses the changes of regional gravitational field, crustal horizontal deformation and interaction between geologic structure and seismic activity based on 2014-2018 mobile gravity measurements and 2015-2017 GPS observation data in the northwestern Guangxi. The results show that:1)On July 15, 2017, a MS4.0 earthquake in Nandan happened near the center of four quadrants of changes of gravity difference, and the center of abnormal area is located at the intersection of the Mulun-Donglang-Luolou Fault, the Hechi-Nandan Fault and the Hechi-Yizhou Fault. The dynamic graph of differential scale gravitational field reflects the gravity changes at the epicenter before and after the Nandan earthquake, which is a process of system evolution of "local gravity anomaly to abnormal four-quadrant distribution features → to earthquake occurring at the turning point of gravity gradient zone and the zero line to backward recovery variation after earthquake". Meanwhile, according to the interpretation of focal mechanism of the Nandan earthquake, seismogram and analysis of seismic survey results, the paper thinks that the four-quadrant distribution of positive and negative gravity, which is consistent with the effect of strike-slip type seismogenic fault before Nandan earthquake, demonstrates the existence of dextral strike-slip faulting; 2)The pattern of spatial distribution of gravitational field change in northwestern Guangxi is closely related to active fault. The isoline of cumulative gravity generally distributes along Nandan-Hechi Fault and Hechi-Yizhou Fault. The gravity on both sides of the fault zone is different greatly, and gradient zone has influences on a broad area; the spatial distribution of deformation field is generally featured by horizontal nonuniformity. Tian'e-Nandan-Huanjiang area is located at the high gradient zone of gravity changes and the horizontal deformation surface compressional transition zone, as well as near the intersection of Hechi-Yizhou Fault, Hechi-Nandan Fault and Du'an-Mashan Fault; 3)The geometric shape of gravitational field in northwestern Guangxi corresponds to the spatial distribution of horizontal crustal movement, which proves the exchange and dynamic action of material and energy in the region that cause the change and structural deformation of fault materials and the corresponding gravity change on earth's surface. The recent analysis of abnormal crustal deformation in northwestern Guangxi shows that Tian'e-Nandan-Huanjiang is a gradient zone of abnormal gravity change and also a horizontal deformation surface compressional transition zone. It locates at the section of significant change of Moho isobaths, the seismicity gap formed by ML3.0 earthquakes and the abnormal low b-value zone. According to comprehensive analysis, the region has the risk of moderately strong earthquake. 相似文献
17.
Shi-Rong Mei 《地震学报(英文版)》1996,9(1):1-12
In this paper, the stress concentration process and the time-space distribution of stress when earthquakes are in preparation
in one or more earthquake-generating bodies in a tectonic block have been analyzed and their relation with seismicity and
earthquake precursors have been studied. The results show that: 1 When the regional stress field has intensified to a certain
level, fracture begins in some block or blocks. The regional stress field will vary with time and the occurrence of strong
earthquakes in groups is the result of the evolution of this dynamic stress field. In this process, the existence and development
of more than one high stress concentration zone may give rise to a variety of pre-seismic anomaly-to-earthquake relations.
2 The process of stress variation in an earthquake-generating block generally appears as a nonlinear one. After the long-term
elastic deformation, there may be more than one time of inelastic deformation and fault-softening from the beginning of the
stage of inelastic deformation to just before the main fracture. Corresponding to such a nonlinearity, the stress and strain
fields in the earthquake-generating block will display a complex pattern of time-space evolution; and thus the earthquake
precursor fields controlled by stress and strain must display complexities in many aspects. 相似文献
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华北北部地区的张家口-渤海断裂带是控制现代强震的一条地震构造带。新近纪以来,在区域NEE向主压应力的作用下,新发育了一系列的NE向构造活动带,与张家口-渤海断裂带组成1组共轭的剪切破裂系统,控制了近代强震的发生。文中主要探讨了这条断裂带的地壳形变特征。长趋势GPS地壳形变图像反映了这条活动断裂带相对完整的左旋走滑活动。分期的地壳形变图像揭示了在中强地震前,沿该断裂带出现一系列的NE向梯度异常带,分别指示了唐山-河间、三河-涞水以及延怀-山西地震构造活动带的活动,表明了沿张家口-渤海断裂带出现了中强地震的中期前兆。研究认为,强震前地壳形变揭示的是深部蕴震层的应变活动信息,而强震之后比较杂乱的图像特征体现了盖层的调整运动 相似文献
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利用截止2007年最新的、跨祁连山构造带红外测距观测资料，结合区域GPS观测所得形变背景，获取跨断层水平应变强度时空演变特征，分析其与2002年玉门Ms5．9级、2003年民乐Ms6．1．级等地震孕育一发生过程的关系。结果表明：①震前数月至1年左右，震中所在断层段（或整个构造带）应变加速或相对其它断层段显著，压性为主；其内一定数量场地最大剪应变强度明显“增强”或面应变强度“压性增强”（至绝对值2．0左右及以上），震后减弱或呈现张性转折。②2004年下半年以来祁连山构造带总体恢复压性变化为主的应力场状态，反映一定程度应力应变积累特性；2007年构造带西段压性应变明显增强。 相似文献