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基于正演模拟的薄层时频特征响应分析是薄层定性识别与厚度定量预测的基础与关键.本文基于波场延拓理论,利用深度域相移法对不同厚度薄层进行了正演模拟.采用广义S变换对零偏移距地震道的反射复合波进行瞬时频谱分析,发现当薄层顶底反射系数极性相反时,复合波的干涉作用具有升频降幅作用,而极性相同时具有升幅降频作用;理论推导和实验分析均证明主峰值频率与薄层双程旅行时间厚度存在定量解析关系,这为薄层厚度定量预测提供了重要的技术手段;由于峰值频率对反射系数大小与极性变化不敏感,因此,峰值频率方法与时域振幅方法相比更具稳定性. 相似文献
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基于地震波反射系数近似公式的叠前反演是油气勘探的重要工具.本文在已有研究的基础上,推导了一个改进的射线参数域地震纵波反射系数近似方程.该方程建立了地震纵波反射系数与纵波阻抗和横波阻抗的非线性关系,在中、小角度的范围内较现有的反射系数线性近似公式精度更高.另外,由于该方程仅包含纵波和横波阻抗反射系数项,因此基于新方程的反演能够有效地降低同步反演纵波速度、横波速度、密度三个参数的不适定性.在此基础上,结合广义线性反演法(GLI)理论和贝叶斯理论,相应地发展了一种叠前地震同步反演方法.模型测试和实际资料的应用表明,基于新方程的反演方法能够利用有限角度(偏移距)的数据稳定地反演纵波和横波阻抗,由于在反演过程中,不需要假设纵横波速度为常数,因此该方法还能有效地提高反演结果的精度. 相似文献
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变背景速度2.5维反散射技术在地震勘探中的应用问题 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在三维点源、二维介质构造定义下的Ｂｏｒｎ反散射模型，采用ＷＫＢＪ近似，建立由地震反射数据求取速度摄动量或反射系数（界面）的反演公式，反演效果与深度偏移类似。本文目的是将所反演的反射系数（界面），用作最优拟合参数反演的反射层位约束信息，也可用作深度偏移处理。 相似文献
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《地球物理学进展》2015,(5)
品质因子Q的准确估计是叠前、叠后地震数据处理及AVO分析的关键环节.理论分析和正演模拟表明界面处单纯Q值的变化也会引起反射,该反射系数随频率变化而变化(Amplitude Versus Frequency,AVF).利用其线性近似公式,通过AVF反演可以准确地获得品质因子Q.AVF反演方法为Q值的求取提供了新的思路,与传统Q值求取方法不同,该方法主要考虑衰减对反射系数的影响,通过反射系数获得目的层的Q值.将上覆层为弹性介质的假设扩展到非弹性介质,构建新的近似公式,该近似公式应用更具普遍性与适应性,并利用时频分析方法获得多层模型介质的Q值;测试结果显示AVF反演的Q值准确、稳定. 相似文献
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地球物理勘探中,地下应力的估测是非常重要的.本文利用应力诱导的弱各向异性的各向异性参数,借助已有的具有水平对称轴横向各向同性介质顾及高阶小量的横波反射系数近似公式,针对下介质为各向同性受单轴应力作用情况随应力的增加求取应力精度降低的问题,从横波反射系数近似公式的推导出发,联合SH波与SV波反射系数给出新的改进的单轴应力与横波反射系数的直观表达式;计算并对比了受单轴应力作用的各向同性介质的横波近似和严格的反射系数,并利用理论得到的横波反射系数对应力进行了估值.结果表明,利用改进后横波反射系数与应力的直观表达式,当应力增加时,应力估值精度有了明显的改善,这为利用横波反射数据直观估测应力提供理论依据. 相似文献
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现阶段的叠前地震反演技术中用于描述反射系数与纵、横波速度和密度之间的关系几乎完全是Zoeppritz方程的近似式,由于这些近似公式在大角度和弹性参数变化剧烈时误差较大,这不仅降低了反演解的精度,而且增加了叠前反演的多解性。本文探索了直接利用Zoeppritz方程求解精确反射系数的理论方法,并基于广义线性反演理论详细推导了基于叠前大角度地震资料的纵、横波速度和密度三参数同步反演算法,同时在反演过程引入正则化约束阻尼因子和共轭梯度算法,有效降低了反演的不适定性和提高了反演收敛性。理论模型试算和实际工区应用表明,本文提出的反演方法能够有效利用大角度(一般入射角30°)的叠前地震数据,获得更精确的地震弹性参数反演结果,并且反演结果忠实于地震资料,与井吻合较好。 相似文献
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以先进的波动理论为基础的波动方程保幅地震偏移成像是在给出正确位置的同时也给出真实振幅的一种特殊完善.作者从保幅单程波动方程的非稳态相移公式出发,基于反问题求解中常用的摄动理论,利用单平方根算子的渐进展开,从而推导出保幅叠前深度偏移方程的高阶广义屏形式;针对散射波场计算项对于横向变速介质的不稳定性,通过数学近似提出一个有效提高稳定性的策略,应用到波场递归外推过程中,从而得到一种稳定的保幅高阶广义屏叠前深度偏移算子.理论模型试算和实际资料处理表明,该方法不但可以更精确地使散射能量聚焦、归位,提高成像精度;而且可以输出正确反映地下反射系数的振幅信息,使AVO响应更加清晰,提高了AVO资料的分析精度. 相似文献
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Vertical mixing by the tides plays a key role in controlling water column structure over the seasonal cycle in shelf seas. The influence of tidal stirring is generally well represented as a competition between surface buoyancy input and the production of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) by frictional stresses, a competition which is encapsulated in the Qh/u3 criterion. An alternative control mechanism arises from the limitation of the thickness of the bottom boundary layer due to the effects of rotation and the oscillation of the flow. Model studies indicate that, for conditions typical of the European shelf seas, the energy constraint exerts the dominant control but that for tidal streams with large positive polarisation (i.e. anti-clockwise rotation of velocity vector), some influence of rotation in limiting mixing should be detectable. We report here measurements of flow structure (with ADCPs) and turbulent dissipation (FLY Profiler) made at two similar locations in the Celtic Sea which differ principally in that the tidal currents rotate in opposite senses with approximately equal magnitude (polarity P=±0.6). A clear contrast was observed between the two sites in the vertical structure of the currents, the density profile and the rate of dissipation of TKE. At the positive polarity (PP) site (P≈+0.6), the bottom boundary layer in the tidal flow was limited to ∼20 mab (metre above the bed) and significant dissipation from bottom boundary friction was constrained within this layer. At the negative polarity (NP) site (P≈−0.6), the dominant clockwise rotary current component exhibited a velocity defect (i.e. reduction relative to the free stream) extending into the upper half of the water column while significant dissipation was observed to penetrate much further up the water column with dissipation levels ∼10−4.5 W m−3 reaching to the base of the pycnocline at 70–80 mab. These contrasting features of the vertical distribution of dissipation are well reproduced by a 1-D model when run with windstress and tidal forcing and using the observed density profile. Model runs with reversed polarity at the two sites, support the conclusion that the observed contrast in the structure of tidal velocity, dissipation and stratification is due to the influence of tidal stream polarity. Increased positive polarity reduces the upward penetration of mixing which allows the development of stronger seasonal stratification, which, in turn, further inhibits vertical mixing. 相似文献
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小微震事件的震源机制是区域应力场及诸多地球动力学研究的基础资料。陕西地区为多个地震带的交汇区,近些年积累了丰富的小微震波形资料。运用新近发展的适用于求解小微震震源机制的广义极性振幅技术(GPAT),结合陕西2015地壳速度模型,求解陕西测震台网2011年4月至2015年12月间记录的121次ML1.5~3.5事件的震源机制。反演结果表明:(1)以上事件的震源机制大部分为走滑及正断类型,其比例占64.5%;逆断型机制占22.3%。(2)反演震源机制得到的震源深度与定位深度具有良好的一致性;矩震级与近震震级间存在差别,且这种差别随事件的变小而增大。(3)对比渭河断陷带相关研究成果,验证了该区域震源机制以正断型为主,具有拉张应力状态。 相似文献
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It has been indicated that the Rao-Cramer inequality can be used to estimate the resolvability of intervals with opposite geomagnetic field polarity based on marine anomalies and for measurement planning. Specifically, it has been elucidated that the width of a detected interval of one polarity is determined more exactly than its center. 相似文献
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Models of geomagnetic reversals as a stochastic or gamma renewal process have generally been tested for the Heirtzler et al. [1] magnetic polarity time scale which has subsequently been superseded. Examination of newer time scales shows that the mean reversal frequency is dominated in the Cenozoic and Late Cretaceous by a linearly increasing trend on which a rhythmic fluctuation is superposed. Subdivision into two periods of stationary behavior is no longer warranted. The distribution of polarity intervals is visibly not Poissonian but lacks short intervals. The LaBrecque et al. [2] polarity time scale shows the positions of 57 small-wavelength marine magnetic anomalies which may represent short polarity chrons. After adding these short events the distribution of all polarity intervals in the age range 0–40 Myr is stationary and does not differ significantly from a Poisson distribution. A strong asymmetry develops in which normal polarity chrons are Poisson distributed but reversed polarity chrons are gamma distributed with indexk = 2. This asymmetry is of opposite sense to previous suggestions and results from the unequal distribution of the short polarity chrons which are predominantly of positive polarity and concentrated in the Late Cenozoic. If short-wavelength anomalies arise from polarity chrons, the geomagnetic field may be more stable in one polarity than the other. Alternative explanations of the origin of short-wavelength marine magnetic anomalies cast doubt on the inclusion of them as polarity chrons, however. The observed behavior of reversal frequency suggests that core processes governing geomagnetic reversals possess a long-term memory. 相似文献
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笔者曾利用统计显著性检验方法给出了中国大陆地区5级以上地震年频次与7级以上地震发生关系的判定指标,他们是：①当5级以上地震年频次N5＜10时,其后第6年我国大陆地区将发生7级以上地震;②当5级以上地震年频次N5＞31时,其后第6年我国大陆地区发生7级以上地震的可能性不大.2007年,中国大陆地区5级以上地震年频次为6次,预示2013年中国大陆地区可能会发生7级以上地震.2013年4月20日四川芦山7.0级地震再次使前一个判定指标得到验证. 相似文献
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本文利用Swarm卫星2015—2016年高精度的磁场矢量数据,将晨昏地方时扇区高纬场向电流(Field-Aligned Currents,FACs)事件按极性和电流密度分为四类,并首次比较研究了四类FACs事件的时空分布特征及其影响因素,研究发现:极性正常事件(晨侧靠极侧电流元向下流入电离层,靠赤道侧电流元向上流出电离层,昏侧电流极性相反,即传统意义上的R1和R2FACs)发生率约为70%,其中R1FACs强于R2事件的发生率为R1FACs弱于R2的3~5倍;极性异常事件(与传统的R1和R2FACs流向相反,两片电流元定义为R1*和R2*FACs)发生率约占30%,其中R1*R2*的1.5~2.5倍.进一步分析发现极性正常事件主要发生在南向IMF Bz期间,与重联电场相关性较好,净电流密度随着重联电场和电离层电导率的增加而增加.其中R1R2*事件通常发生在IMF By<0期间,昏侧事件主要发生在IMF By>0期间,而R1*相似文献
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Babin A. N. Koval’ A. N. Tsap Yu. T. Borisenko A. V. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2018,58(8):1149-1158
This paper examines the evolution and morphology of a magnetic anomaly: the appearance and disappearance of a longitudinal magnetic flux with opposite polarity at an area of about 10 arc seconds in the umbra of the following sunspot of an NOAA 12192 active region, which was observed from 21 to 26 October 2014 in the SDO/HMI and SOLIS/VSM magnetograms. Information collected by spacecraft and under on-ground observations including data from the Sun Service of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory of the Russian Academy of Sciences are analyzed. Based on the methods of observation and determination of longitudinal magnetic fields in SDO/HMI in line FeI 6173.34 Å it was revealed, that combinations of contours appearing due to magnetic force lines inclinations relative to the line-of-sight and line-of-sight velocities can cause a significant undervalue of the magnetic field intensity in magnetograms, but polarity does not reverse. The fine spatial structure, evolution features, close correlation with ultraviolet loops system in SDO/AIA images, “moustaches”, and no temporal and spatial correlation with flares point to a connection between the detected anomaly and the new magnetic flux emergence of opposite polarity in a spot’s umbra at an earlier decay stage. We analyze magnetic force lines reconnection and show that annigilation of the magnetic fields of opposite polarities can take place for many hours at small (~30 km) scales and this fact is verified by observation results. There are additional facts in favor of the cluster model of a solar spot by Severny-Parker.
相似文献18.
《Journal of Atmospheric and Solar》2008,70(1):169-183
We study the cosmic ray modulation during different solar cycles and polarity states of the heliosphere. We determine (a) time lag between the cosmic ray intensity and the solar variability, (b) area of the cosmic ray intensity versus solar activity modulation loops and (c) dependence of the cosmic ray intensity on the solar variability, during different solar activity cycles and polarity states of the heliosphere. We find differences during odd and even solar cycles. Differences during positive and negative polarity periods are also found. Consequences and implications of the observed differences during (i) odd and even cycles, and (ii) opposite polarity states (A<0 and A>0) are discussed in the light of the modulation models, including drift effects. 相似文献
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提出了一种以统计学中的假设检验为基础的地震趋势判别指标提取的方法, 以中国大陆1930年以来的年地震频次为例, 给出了判定中国大陆地区发生7级以上地震的5级以上地震年频次判别指标。 研究结果表明, 当5级以上地震年频次Na5≥31时, 可判定其后第6年不发生7级以上地震, 为无震判别条件; 当Na5≤10时, 可判定其后第6年会发生7级以上地震, 为有震判别条件; 当11≤Na5≤30时, 不能判定其后是否会发生7级以上地震; 当Na5≥24时, 可判定其后第6年无7级以上地震发生, 为无震判别条件, 犯错误的可能性为5%。 2002年的5级以上地震年频次Na5=7, 满足有震判别条件, 因此可以作出2008年中国大陆地区可能发生7级以上地震的判定。 2003年的5级以上地震年频次Na5=28, 满足无震判别条件Na5≥24, 可判定2009年不会发生7级以上地震, 犯错误的可能性为5%。 该方法也适用于其他地震活动和前兆异常判别指标的提取。 相似文献