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1.
基于卫星影像解译和野外考察测量,本文对东昆仑断裂带中东部的3条次级断裂(托索湖断裂、玛沁断裂和玛曲断裂)的滑动速率以及全新世以来的古地震活动特征进行了分析研究。托索湖段与玛沁段走向产生20°和30°的双挤压弯曲,形成阿尼玛卿山挤压隆起,作为托索湖段和玛沁段的破裂分段标志,成为1937年托索湖7.5级地震地表破裂带的终止点;在西贡周西侧和莫哈塘南侧,阿万仓断裂以40°的夹角与东昆仑断裂带相交,形成西贡周断裂交汇区,成为玛沁段与玛曲段破裂分段的标志。通过构造地貌方法获得西段托索湖断裂晚第四纪晚期以来的平均水平速率为10.8±1mm/a,垂直滑动速率为1.2±0.2mm/a;中段玛沁断裂带晚第四纪晚期以来的平均水平滑动速率为9.3±2mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.7±0.1mm/a;西贡周断层交汇区平均水平滑动速率为7.4±1mm/a,垂直滑动速率为1.2±0.1mm/a;东段玛曲断裂晚第四纪晚期以来的平均水平滑动速率为4.9±1.3mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.3mm/a。断裂的滑动速率从西至东呈梯度下降,通过构造转换矢量分解获得阿万仓断裂西支的左旋水平走滑速率为2.4mm/a,东支的左旋水平走滑速率为1.4mm/a,垂直断裂的水平缩短速率为2.3mm/a,阿万仓断裂带西支和东支构成一个滑动分解模式。3条次级断裂的活动均产生独立地表破裂,西侧的托索湖断裂发生了1937年MS7.5级地震,中段玛沁断裂发生了公元1061年格萨尔王时期和距今358~430CalaBP的地表破裂,玛曲段地表破裂距今约1055~1524aBP,显示出段落之间应力触发有关的地震破裂事件沿断裂带单向迁移的特征。同时利用断裂单次地震位移和古地震复发周期获得断裂的长期滑动速率,结果显示与构造地貌方法获得的滑动速率几乎一致,也显示自西向东逐渐递减的趋势。断裂滑动速率的递减与几何结构走向的弯曲以及横向断裂的相交一一对应,东昆仑断裂带的滑动速率梯度递减的主要原因是东昆仑断裂带东延和横向断裂相交,构造转换造成的。  相似文献   

2.
在对依兰-伊通断裂通河段晚第四纪活动参数获取的基础上,对该断裂的几何学特征和晚第四纪活动特征及有关拟建铁路地震安全的设防参数进行了探讨.研究结果表明,依兰-伊通断裂通河段总体走向N30-40°E,由3条断层组成,中支最新活动时代为全新世.该断裂未来发生7级地震时的水平位移量可能达2.2m左右,垂直位错量约为1.1m左右.该断裂全新世以来的活动性质表现为右旋走滑为主,兼具逆冲活动.根据探槽结果和野外地震地质调查得出断裂垂直位错约（1.0±0.2）m,右旋位错量约为（2.7±0.1）m,（1730-30）aB.P.以来的垂直滑动速率和水平滑动速率分别约为（0.57±0.11）mrn/a和（1.57±0.06）mm/a.未来100年内若遭遇地震,其最大水平位错量约2.87m,垂直位错值为1.04m.断层影响带宽度约为8m.该研究结果为拟建哈—佳铁路工程可能遭受的断层影响和抗震设防提供了一定的数据基础,也为地震安评中线状工程的抗断评价问题提供了一定的参考.  相似文献   

3.
东昆仑断裂带中东部地震破裂分段性与走滑运动分解作用   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
基于卫星影像解译和野外考察测量,对东昆仑断裂带中东部托索湖段、玛沁段和玛曲段的晚更新世晚期以来滑动速率以及全新世以来的古地震活动特征进行了分析研究.阿尼玛卿山双挤压弯曲和西贡周断裂交汇区为这3条段落的破裂分段标志,也成为1937年托索湖7.5级地震地表破裂带的终止点.通过构造地貌方法获得这3条段落自西向东晚第四纪晚期以来的平均水平滑动速率分别为（11.2±1）,（9.3±2）和（4.9±1.3）mm/a;垂直滑动速率分别为（1.2±0.2）,（0.7±0.1）和0.3mm/a.断裂水平滑动速率从西至东呈梯度下降,递减的滑动速率主要转换到了与东昆仑断裂相交的阿万仓断裂上.通过构造转换矢量分解获得阿万仓断裂带西支和东支构成一个滑动分解模式,断裂西南盘相对北东盘的滑动速率为4.6mm/a,滑动方向为112.1°.3条段落的活动均产生独立地表破裂,西侧托索湖段1937年发生了M7.5级地震,往东玛沁段发生了514～534calaBP和距今（1070±180）a（格萨尔王时期）的地表破裂,玛曲段地表破裂发生在1055～1524aBP,显示出段落之间与应力触发有关的地震破裂事件沿断裂带单向迁移的特征.同时利用断裂单次地震位移和古地震复发周期获得断裂的长期滑动速率,结果显示与构造地貌方法获得的滑动速率几乎一致,也显示自西向东逐渐递减的趋势.断裂滑动速率的递减与几何结构走向的弯曲以及横向断裂的相交一一对应,因此东昆仑断裂带的滑动速率梯度递减的主要原因是东昆仑断裂带东延与横向断裂相交和构造转换所致.  相似文献   

4.
中旬-大具断裂南东段晚第四纪活动的地质地貌证据   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
中甸-大具断裂南东段位于哈巴和玉龙雪山北麓,属于川西北次级块体西南边界,断裂总体走向310°～320°,是一条重要的边界断裂。了解该断裂的活动性质、活动时代和滑动速率等对分析川西北次级块体运动,研究该断裂与玉龙雪山东麓断裂的交切关系等问题具有重要意义。文中基于1︰5万活动断层地质填图,对断裂沿线地层地貌、陡坎地貌、地表破裂、典型断层剖面以及河流阶地等进行了详细的研究。研究表明:1)中甸-大具断裂南东段按几何结构、断错地貌表现、断裂活动性可分为马家村—大具次级段和大具—大东次级段。2)通过野外地质调查发现,马家村—大具次级段断错了全新世冲洪积扇,形成了地表破裂,为全新世活动段;而大具—大东次级段虽然也断错了晚更新—全新世地层,但其断错规模及滑动速率均较小,由此认为其全新世以来活动较弱。3)通过分析断裂沿线断层陡坎、水平位错及地表破裂等地质地貌问题,认为马家村—大具次级段的活动性质为右旋走滑兼正断,其晚更新世以来的垂直滑动速率为0. 4～0. 8mm/a,水平滑动速率为1. 5～2. 4mm/a;大具—大东次级段以右旋走滑为主、正断为辅,其晚更新世晚期以来的垂直滑动速率为0. 1mm/a。4)在大具盆地内发现的NW向地表破裂带的形成时代很年轻,不排除是1966年中甸6. 4级地震或1996年丽江7. 0级地震造成的地表破裂。  相似文献   

5.
礼县 -罗家堡断裂带晚更新世以来有过明显活动。在礼县—罗家堡段和天水镇—街子口段直接错断全新世地层。断裂沿线地表陡坎发育 ,水系被左旋位错。结合沿该断裂带广泛分布的地震滑坡、砂土液化等 ,认为礼县 -罗家堡断裂带是 1654年天水南 8级地震的发震构造。该断裂晚更新世以来的平均水平位错速率为 0 95mm/a ,平均垂直位移速率为 0 35mm/a ,垂直位移速率约为水平位移速率的 1/ 3。这个比值与一次断裂突发性垂直位错量 ( 1 9m)与水平位错量 ( 5 2m)的比值基本吻合  相似文献   

6.
王华林 《地震研究》1996,19(2):06-224
本文根据野外考察、实测和开挖资料，研究了１６６８年郯城８．５级地震断裂的水平和垂直位移及古地震标志和证据、全新世位移分布和滑动速率、古地震遗迹、古地震期次、强震复发周期以及地震破裂模式。研究结果表明，沿１６６８年郯城８．５级地震断裂上的全新世位移分布与１６６８年郯城地震破裂位移分布具有良好的同步性和分级特征。破裂位移和滑动速率在空间上是变化的，水平滑动速率在１．７～２．８毫米／年范围内变化，垂直位移速率在０．２～０．５毫米／年范围内波动，水平位移量与垂直位移量比为６～８倍。沿郯城地震断裂全新世发生了４次强震事件，８级大震具有准周期重复特征，郯城地震断裂上发生的地震拟合了特征地震模式。本文归纳总结出来的鉴别断裂水平和垂直位移及古地震事件的标志和准则，对活断层和古地震的深入研究有一定的借鉴意义。  相似文献   

7.
李光涛  苏刚  程理  李峰  吴昊 《地震地质》2019,41(3):545-560
中甸-大具断裂南东段位于哈巴和玉龙雪山北麓,属于川西北次级块体西南边界,断裂总体走向310°~320°,是一条重要的边界断裂。了解该断裂的活动性质、活动时代和滑动速率等对分析川西北次级块体运动,研究该断裂与玉龙雪山东麓断裂的交切关系等问题具有重要意义。文中基于1︰5万活动断层地质填图,对断裂沿线地层地貌、陡坎地貌、地表破裂、典型断层剖面以及河流阶地等进行了详细的研究。研究表明:1)中甸-大具断裂南东段按几何结构、断错地貌表现、断裂活动性可分为马家村—大具次级段和大具—大东次级段。2)通过野外地质调查发现,马家村—大具次级段断错了全新世冲洪积扇,形成了地表破裂,为全新世活动段;而大具—大东次级段虽然也断错了晚更新—全新世地层,但其断错规模及滑动速率均较小,由此认为其全新世以来活动较弱。3)通过分析断裂沿线断层陡坎、水平位错及地表破裂等地质地貌问题,认为马家村—大具次级段的活动性质为右旋走滑兼正断,其晚更新世以来的垂直滑动速率为0.4~0.8mm/a,水平滑动速率为1.5~2.4mm/a;大具—大东次级段以右旋走滑为主、正断为辅,其晚更新世晚期以来的垂直滑动速率为0.1mm/a。4)在大具盆地内发现的NW向地表破裂带的形成时代很年轻,不排除是1966年中甸6.4级地震或1996年丽江7.0级地震造成的地表破裂。  相似文献   

8.
张路  谢新生  郭慧 《地震》2020,40(3):83-98
1830年河北磁县M71/2地震发生于磁县—大名断裂带西段, 该断裂地震破裂和活动性的研究受到地震研究者关注。前人研究着眼于1830年磁县大地震的地表破裂, 本文的研究重点是磁县—大名断裂带西段晚更新世以来的断层活动性。应用卫片、 航片解译和野外地震地质调查等方法开展研究, 重要地点进行探槽开挖或野外地质剖面剥落以及采样测年, 确定了断层各段落破裂事件的发生年代。该断裂西段分为3个断层段落: F2为磁县—峰峰段落, F3为东田井村—陶泉乡段落, F4为韩家沟村—甘泉村段落。F2断层段大部分隐伏, 为早中更新世断层。F3断层段东端在东田井村南断错距今22 ka地层, 为晚更新世活动断层; F3断层段在鼓山南山村一带为全新世断层, 从张家楼村到陶泉乡为推测全新世活动断层。F4断层段为全新世断层。F4断层段全部位于基岩山区, 可见多处基岩断面、 地震沟槽及断层眉脊等断层破裂; 一些破裂面发育地衣丽石黄衣[Xanthoria elegans (Link.) Th. Fr.], 使用地衣测年方法确定这些破裂面为1830年磁县大地震地表地震遗迹。磁县—大名断裂带终止于F4西端。综合分析断裂带各个分段的破裂事件, 得到磁县—大名断裂带西段活动事件时空分布, 估计磁县—大名断裂带西段的晚更新世地震复发周期在6000年左右。  相似文献   

9.
通过野外调查表明,长岭山北麓断裂晚第四纪以来表现出强烈的新活动性.沿断裂年青冲沟以及最新阶地发生水平左旋位移,通过测量及位移量的分组分析并结合相关年代计算得到,该活动断裂晚更新世以来水平滑动速率为5.1mm/a,垂直滑动速率为0.19mm/a;全新世以来水平滑动速率3.53±0.34 mm/a,垂直滑动速率0.29±0.03 mm/a.沿断裂全线进行分析并结合断层剖面得到,小红山一带断层上覆0.4～1.2 m的坡洪积层(底部TL年龄6.1±0.7 kaBP)未被错动,而且Ⅰ级河流阶地及河漫滩相沉积物均未发生变形变位.1927年古浪8.0级地震形成的地表破裂向东抵达下井子沟地区,但未通过陶家山北的明代长城.区域分析表明,长岭山北麓断层构成古浪活动断裂带的东延段,和前人已经确定的天桥沟断层、黄羊川断层一起构成古浪左旋走滑兼逆冲活动断裂带.1927年古浪8.0级地震形成大破裂--贯通型的地震地表破裂带,说明该断裂所在地区为破裂的成熟地段.通过计算,并考虑到古浪大地震的离逝时间以及结合区域资料分析表明,该活动断裂所在地区至少500a内是相对稳定的,1000a的预测时段内发生强、大地震的概率也很低,但是不排除发生中强地震的可能.  相似文献   

10.
汶川8.0级地震发震断层的累积地震位错研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
2008年5月12日,四川省汶川县内发生MS8.0地震。此次地震沿龙门山中央断裂产生1条长达200km的同震地表破裂带。文中选择位于地震地表破裂带北段的南坝镇、凤凰村以及南段的映秀镇这3个地点,以被断层错断的河流阶地为研究对象,对多级阶地面上的地震地表破裂及断层陡坎地貌进行了野外实测工作。经过测量数据的计算和分析,得到了各级阶地上断层陡坎的高度,该值即为该阶地记录的地震断层的累积垂直位错量。若以本次地震的垂直位错量作为古地震位错量的均值,则可计算得到每级阶地累积的地震次数。研究结果表明,各点T1阶地形成以来仅经历过1次事件,即本次地震事件;T2阶地形成以来约经历了5次事件;T3阶地形成以来约经历了9～11次事件;T4阶地形成以来约经历了20次事件。在本文研究的基础上,结合前人的阶地测年数据,则可获得古地震复发间隔的可靠数据  相似文献   

11.
The Yangjia Village-Yaodian segment of Weihe Fault, starting from Yangjia Village in the west, passing through Weijiaquan, Jinjiazhuang, Donger Village, Chenjiatai to Yaodian, occurs as a NE-striking fault dipping south with a total length of 33 kilometers. As a syn-depositional normal fault, it extends along the leading and trail edge of T1, T2 and T3 terrace at the northern bank of Weihe River. Results of remote sensing interpretation, shallow seismic exploration, exploratory trench, and drilling show that the Yangjia Village-Yaodian section of Weihe Fault manifests as fault scarps, overlapping with the NE-extending terrace scarp at the northern bank of Weihe River. Weihe Fault broke the T1 that can be distinguished on the shallow seismic profile and multiple profiles with broken signs from T1 to the ground, which is the same with the cracks through the Han Tomb at the top of the exploratory trench in Yangjia Village. It shows that the fault may still be active from the late Pleistocene to Holocene. Through composite drilling section and the analysis of exploratory trench, there is no significant difference in activity between the Yangjia Village-Jinjiazhuang and Donger Village-Yaodian section. This segment has experienced a large displacement event since (46.0±3.3)ka BP, approximately 11.0~16.5m, with a vertical slip rate of 0.34~0.45mm/a. The most recent activity occurred approximately around 2.0ka BP. The left-step en echelon fracture zone at Jingjiazhuang separates this section into two minor ones, Yangjia Village-Jinjiazhuang section and Donger Villag-Yaodian section. Yangjia Village-Yaodian section in Weihe Fault and Yaodian-Zhangjiawan section which was found out in the Xi'an active fault detection and seismic risk assessment project can be combined into the Yangjia Village-Zhangjiawan section.  相似文献   

12.
Strike-slip fault plays an important role in the process of tectonic deformation since Cenozoic in Asia. The role of strike-slip fault in the process of mountain building and continental deformation has always been an important issue of universal concern to the earth science community. Junggar Basin is located in the hinterland of Central Asia, bordering on the north the Altay region and the Baikal rift system, which are prone to devastating earthquakes, the Tianshan orogenic belt and the Tibet Plateau on the south, and the rigid blocks, such as Erdos, the South China, the North China Plain and Amur, on the east. Affected by the effect of the Indian-Eurasian collision on the south of the basin and at the same time, driven by the southward push of the Mongolian-Siberian plate, the active structures in the periphery of the basin show a relatively strong activity. The main deformation patterns are represented by the large-scale NNW-trending right-lateral strike-slip faults dominated by right-lateral shearing, the NNE-trending left-lateral strike-slip faults dominated by left-lateral shearing, and the thrust-nappe structure systems distributed in piedmont of Tianshan in the south of the basin. There are three near-parallel-distributed left-lateral strike-slip faults in the west edge of the basin, from the east to the west, they are:the Daerbute Fault, the Toli Fault and the Dongbielieke Fault. This paper focuses on the Dongbielieke Fault in the western Junggar region. The Dongbielieke Fault is a Holocene active fault, located at the key position of the western Junggar orogenic belt. The total length of the fault is 120km, striking NE. Since the late Quaternary, the continuous activity of the Dongbielieke Fault has caused obvious left-lateral displacement at all geomorphologic units along the fault, and a linear continuous straight steep scarp was formed on the eastern side of the Tacheng Basin. According to the strike and the movement of fault, the fault can be divided into three segments, namely, the north, middle and south segment. In order to obtain a more accurate magnitude of the left-lateral strike-slip displacement and the accumulative left-lateral strike-slip displacement of different geomorphic surfaces, we chose the Ahebiedou River in the southern segment and used the UAV to take three-dimensional photographs to obtain the digital elevation model(the accuracy is 10cm). And on this basis, the amount of left-lateral strike-slip displacement of various geological masses and geomorphic surfaces(lines)since their formation is obtained. The maximum left-lateral displacement of the terrace T5 is(30.7±2.1)m and the minimum left-lateral displacement is(20.1±1.3)m; the left-lateral displacement of the terrace T4 is(12±0.9)m, and the left-lateral displacement of the terrace T2 is(8.7±0.6)m. OSL dating samples from the surface of different level terraces(T5, T4, T2 and T1)are collected, processed and measured, and the ages of the terraces of various levels are obtained. By measuring the amount of left-lateral displacements since the Late Quaternary of the Dongbielieke Fault and combining the dating results of the various geomorphic surfaces, the displacements and slip rates of the fault on each level of the terraces since the formation of the T5 terrace are calculated. Using the maximum displacement of(30.7±2.1)m of the T5 terrace and the age of the geomorphic surface on the west bank of the river, we obtained the slip rate of(0.7±0.11)mm/a; similarly, using the minimum displacement of(20.1±1.3)m and the age of the geomorphic surface of the east bank, we obtained the slip rate of(0.46±0.07)mm/a. T5 terrace is developed on both banks of the river and on both walls of the fault. After the terraces are offset by faulting, the terraces on foot wall in the left bank of the river are far away from the river, and the erosion basically stops. After that, the river mainly cuts the terraces on the east bank. Therefore, the west bank retains a more accurate displacement of the geomorphic surface(Gold et al., 2009), so the left-lateral slip rate of the T5 terrace is taken as(0.7±0.11)mm/a. The left-lateral slip rate calculated for T4 and T2 terraces is similar, with an average value of(0.91±0.18)mm/a. In the evolution process of river terraces, the lateral erosion of high-level terrace is much larger than that of low-level terrace, so the slip rate of T4 and T2 terraces is closer to the true value. The left-lateral slip rate of the Dongbielieke Fault since the late Quaternary is(0.91±0.18)m/a. Compared with the GPS slip rate in the western Junggar area, it is considered that the NE-trending strike-slip motion in this area is dominated by the Dongbielieke Fault, which absorbs a large amount of residual deformation while maintaining a relatively high left-lateral slip rate.  相似文献   

13.
The Longmenshan fault zone is located in eastern margin of Tibetan plateau and bounded on the east by Sichuan Basin, and tectonically the location is very important. It has a deep impact on the topography, geomorphology, geological structure and seismicity of southwestern China. It is primarily composed of multiple parallel thrust faults, namely, from northwest to southeast, the back-range, the central, the front-range and the piedmont hidden faults, respectively. The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake of 12th May 2008 ruptured the central and the front-range faults. But the earthquake didn't rupture the back-range fault. This shows that these two faults are both active in Holocene. But until now, we don't know exactly the activity of the back-range fault. The back-range fault consists of the Pingwu-Qingchuan Fault, the Wenchuan-Maoxian Fault and the Gengda-Longdong Fault. Through satellite image(Google Earth)interpretation, combining with field investigation, we preliminarily found out that five steps of alluvial platforms or terraces have been developed in Minjiang region along the Wenchuan-Maoxian Fault. T1 and T2 terraces are more continuous than T3, T4 and T5 terraces. Combining with the previous work, we discuss the formation ages of the terraces and conclude, analyze and summarize the existing researches about the terraces of Minjiang River. We constrain the ages of T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 surfaces to 3~10ka BP,~20ka BP, 40~50ka BP, 60ka BP and 80ka BP, respectively. Combining with geomorphologic structural interpretation, measurements of the cross sections of the terraces by differential GPS and detailed site visits including terraces, gullies and other geologic landforms along the fault, we have reason to consider that the Wenchuan-Maoxian Fault was active between the formation age of T3 and T2 terrace, but inactive since T2 terrace formed. Its latest active period should be the middle and late time of late Pleistocene, and there is no activity since the Holocene. Combining with the knowledge that the central and the front-range faults are both Quaternary active faults, the activity of Longmenshan fault zone should have shifted to the central and the front-range faults which are closer to the basin, this indicates that the Longmenshan thrust belt fits the "Piggyback Type" to some extent.  相似文献   

14.
Based on the 1︰50000 active fault geological mapping, combining with high-precision remote imaging, field geological investigation and dating technique, the paper investigates the stratum, topography and faulted landforms of the Huashan Piedmont Fault. Research shows that the Huashan Piedmont Fault can be divided into Lantian to Huaxian section (the west section), Huaxian to Huayin section (the middle section) and Huayin to Lingbao section (the east section) according to the respective different fault activity. The fault in Lantian to Huaxian section is mainly contacted by loess and bedrock. Bedrock fault plane has already become unsmooth and mirror surfaces or striations can not be seen due to the erosion of running water and wind. 10~20m high fault scarps can be seen ahead of mountain in the north section near Mayu gully and Qiaoyu gully, and we can see Malan loess faulted profiles in some gully walls. In this section terraces are mainly composed of T1 and T2 which formed in the early stage of Holocene and late Pleistocene respectively. Field investigation shows that T1 is continuous and T2 is dislocated across the fault. These indicate that in this section the fault has been active in the late Pleistocene and its activity becomes weaker or no longer active after that. In the section between Huaxian and Huayin, neotectonics is very obvious, fault triangular facets are clearly visible and fault scarps are in linear distribution. Terrace T1, T2 and T3 develop well on both sides of most gullies. Dating data shows that T1 forms in 2~3ka BP, T2 forms in 6~7ka BP, and T3 forms in 60~70ka BP. All terraces are faulted in this section, combing with average ages and scarp heights of terraces, we calculate the average vertical slip rates during the period of T3 to T2, T2 to T1 and since the formation of T1, which are 0.4mm/a, 1.1mm/a and 1.6mm/a, and among them, 1.1mm/a can roughly represent as the average vertical slip rate since the middle stage of Holocene. Fault has been active several times since the late period of late Pleistocene according to fault profiles, in addition, Tanyu west trench also reveals the dislocation of the culture layer of(0.31~0.27)a BP. 1~2m high scarps of floodplains which formed in(400~600)a BP can be seen at Shidiyu gully and Gouyu gully. In contrast with historical earthquake data, we consider that the faulted culture layer exposed by Tanyu west trench and the scarps of floodplains are the remains of Huanxian MS8½ earthquake. The fault in Huayin to Lingbao section is also mainly contacted by loess and mountain bedrock. Malan loess faulted profiles can be seen at many river outlets of mountains. Terrace geomorphic feature is similar with that in the west section, T1 is covered by thin incompact Holocene sand loam, and T2 is covered by Malan loess. OSL dating shows that T2 formed in the early to middle stage of late Pleistocene. Field investigation shows that T1 is continuous and T2 is dislocated across the fault. These also indicate that in this section fault was active in the late Pleistocene and its activity becomes weaker or no longer active since Holocene. According to this study combined with former researches, we incline to the view that the seismogenic structure of Huanxian MS8½ earthquake is the Huashan Piedmont Fault and the Northern Margin Fault of Weinan Loess, as for whether there are other faults or not awaits further study.  相似文献   

15.
青海日月山断裂带是青藏高原东北缘柴达木—祁连活动地块内部的一条NNW走向的右旋走滑兼逆冲断裂。 本文基于ENVI 5.1遥感图像处理平台对研究区高分一号多光谱(分辨率8 m)和全色(分辨率2 m)影像进行融合, 获取了高保真、 高分辨率的卫星遥感影像。 通过多尺度、 多角度、 多层次的构造解译以及对比, 将日月山西支断裂的海晏段划分为德州段(F1-3)和海晏段(F1-4)两个次级段, 同时利用高分辨率Google Earth影像对德州段断错微地貌进行了解译、 分析, 结合对德州段野外地质考察, 进一步验证了影像解译结果。 研究表明: 日月山断裂的德州段由5条次级段落组成(f1, f2, f3, f4, f5), 并且该段断裂晚更新世以来活动性明显, 以右旋走滑为主兼有逆倾滑分量; 断裂在晚更新世以来发生过多期断层活动, 其中全新世断层活动可划分为两期, 最新一期水平位错量为6.5~8.7 m, 第二期水平位错量为12.3~14 m; 晚更新世也可划分出两期活动, 第一期水平位错量为16~20 m, 第二期水平位错量为28.5~47 m。  相似文献   

16.
古地震研究是构造地质基础研究工作之一,获得较为精细的古地震结果有利于提高对断层构造变形的样式、强度以及时间的认识。焉耆盆地是南天山东段的山间盆地,现今的构造应力场特征以挤压兼有走滑为主。盆地南北缘断裂均为全新世活动断裂,南缘开都河断裂以走滑运动为主。盆地北缘断裂向盆内扩展的新生和静逆断裂-褶皱带以逆冲运动为主,且具备发生7级以上大地震的能力。因此,对于焉耆盆地北缘和静逆断裂-褶皱带的古地震破裂方式和发生时间的研究具有重要意义。调查发现,其中的哈尔莫敦背斜南翼主逆断裂以30°左右向盆内逆冲,在河漫滩和T1阶地上形成了3排断层陡坎。在3条断层陡坎上开挖的5个探槽中,通过标志地层建立的时间序列可以确定6次古地震事件的先后关系。利用14C和光释光(OSL)测年手段获得了探槽中相关地层和坎前堆积物的沉积时代,利用逐次限定法得到了各次古地震事件的发生时间和全新世以来2ka左右的古地震复发间隔。结果显示F1断层在所有的古地震事件中都发生了破裂,F2断层只在事件E时产生了破裂,F3断层只在事件D和事件E中发生过破裂。从古地震事件上分析,事件D是一次3条断层同时破裂的事件,事件E是一次F1和F32条断层同时破裂的事件,其他事件都只在F1断层上破裂。和静逆断裂的古地震破裂同时存在必然性和不确定性。  相似文献   

17.
Along the northern piedmont of Mt. Lishan, the characteristics and locations of the active normal Lishan fault in west of Huaqing Pool provide important evidences for determining the seismotectonic environment, seismic stability evaluation of engineering in the eastern Weihe Basin. After reviewing the results from high-density resistivity method, seismic profile data, geological drillhole section and trenching in west of the Huaqing Pool, it is found that the strike of western normal Lishan Fault changes from EW direction at the eastern part to the direction of N60°W, and the fault consists of two branches, dipping NE with a high dip angle of~75°. The artificial shallow seismic profile data reveals that the attitude of strata near Lishan Fault mainly dips to south, which is presumed to be related to the southward tilt movement of Mt. Lishan since the Cenozoic. The section of geological drillhole reveals that since the late middle Pleistocene, the displacement of the paleo-soil layer S2 is about 10m. And the maximum displacement of western Lishan Fault recorded in the paleo-soil layer S1 reaches 7.8m since the late Pleistocene. In addition, evidences from trench profile show that the western Lishan Fault was active at least 3 times since Malan loess deposition with 14 C dating age(32 170±530)Cal a BP. The multiple activities of the Lishan Fault result in a total displacement about 3.0m in the Malan loess layer L1. The latest activity of the western Lishan Fault produced a displacement of about 0.9m in the early Holocene loess layer L0((8 630±20)Cal a BP)and caused obvious tensile cracks in the Holocene dark leoss layer S0((4 390±20)Cal a BP). Briefly, we have obtained a vertical movement rate of about 0.11~0.19mm/a since the Holocene((8 630±20)Cal a BP)in the western extension of the Lishan Fault, the recurrence interval of earthquakes on the fault is about(10.7±0.5)ka, and the co-seismic surface rupture in a single event is inferred to be about 0.9m.  相似文献   

18.
With the development of photogrammetry technology and the popularity of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs)technology in recent years, using UAV photogrammetry technology to rapidly acquire high precision and high resolution topographic and geomorphic data on the fault zone has gradually become an important technical means. This paper first summarizes the basic principle and workflow of a new digital photogrammetry technology, SfM (Structure from Motion), which is simple, efficient and low cost. Using this technology, we conducted aerial image acquisition and data processing for a typical fault landform on the northern of Caka Basin in Qinghai. The digital elevation model (DEM)with 6.1cm/pix resolution is generated and the density of point cloud is as high as 273 points/m2. The coverage area is 0.463km2. Further, the terrain and slope data parallel to the fault direction are extracted by topographic analysis method, and combined with the contour map and the slope diagram generated by the DEM, a fine interpretation and quantitative study of complex multilevel geomorphic surfaces is carried out. Finally, based on the results of sophisticated interpretation of geomorphology, we got the vertical displacements of the T1 terrace to the T3 terrace as (1.01±0.06)m, (1.37±0.13)m and (3.10±0.11)m, and the minimum vertical displacements of the T4 terrace and the T5 terrace as (3.77±0.14)m and (5.46±0.26)m, respectively, through the topographic profile data extracted by DEM. Such vertical displacement parameters are difficult to obtain directly by traditional remote sensing images, which shows the great application prospect of UAV photogrammetry technology in the quantitative study of active tectonics.  相似文献   

19.
The two mainstream deformation models of the Tibet plateau are continental escape model and crustal thickening model, the former suggests that the NW-trending Karakoram Fault, Gyaring Co Fault, Beng Co Fault and the Jiali Fault as the Karakoram-Jiali fault zone is the southern border belt and that the dextral strike-slip rate is estimated as up to 10~20mm/yr. However, research results in recent years show that the slip rates along those faults are significantly less than earlier estimates. Taylor et al. (2003)suggest that the conjugate strike-slip faults control the active deformation in the central Tibet. The lack of research on the slip behavior of the NE-trending faults in the central Tibet Plateau constrains our understanding of the central Tibet deformation model. Thus, we choose the NE-direction Qixiang Co Fault located at the north of the Gyaring Co Fault as research object. Based on the interpretation of satellite images, we found several faulted geomorphic sites. Using RTK-GPS ground control point and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)topographic surveying, we obtained less than 10cm/pix-resolution digital elevation model (DEM)in the Yaqu town site. We used the LaDiCaoz_v2.1 software to automatically extract the left-lateral offset of the largest gully on the terrace T2 surface, which is (21.3±7.1)m, and the vertical dislocation of the scarp on the terrace T2 surface, which is (0.9±0.1)m. The age of both U-series dating samples on the terrace T2 is (4.98±0.17)ka and (5.98±0.07)ka, respectively. The Holocene left-lateral slip rate along Qixiang Co Fault is (3.56±1.19)mm/a and the vertical slip rate is (0.15±0.02)mm/a. The kinematic characteristics of the sinistral strike-slip with normal slip coincide with the eastward motion of the central Tibet plateau, and its magnitude is in agreement with its conjugate Gyaring Co Fault, suggesting that the deformation pattern of the central Tibetan plateau complies with the conjugate strike-slip faults mode.  相似文献   

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