共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 15 毫秒
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2008年5月12日在四川省汶川地区发生了8级特大地震,断裂长度达300km,地震中最大错位10m以上,造成震区地面建筑大面积倒塌和大量人员伤亡,并诱发了严重的地质灾害,毁坏了公路、桥梁等交通系统和通讯设施。由于地震的发生和破坏程度与地壳内部断裂构造的形态和分布之间有着密切的关系,因此,尽快确定龙门山断裂带目前的状况。探明各分支断层的位置和几何形态, 相似文献
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to the practice of urban active fault exploration and associated fault activity assessment conducted in recent years, this paper summarizes the problems encountered in geological, geomorphological, geochemical and geophysical surveys, and proposes the following means and suggestions to solve these problems. To determine the most recent faults or fault zones, emphasis should be placed on identifying the youngest active faults and offset geomorphology. To understand the history of faulting and to discover the latest offset event, it is suggested that geophysical prospecting, drilling and trenching be conducted on one pro/de. Because of significant uncertainties in late Quaternary dating, we advise systematic sampling and the use of multiple dating methods. Shallow seismic reflection has been proven to be the most useful method in urban active fault exploration. However, there is a pressing need to increase the quality of data acquisition and processing to obtain high resolution images so as to enhance our ability to identify active faults. The combination of seismic P-wave reflection and S-wave reflection methods is proved to be a powerful means to investigate the tectonic environments of the deep crust. 相似文献
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东昆仑断裂带东段玛曲断裂古地震初步研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
东昆仑活动断裂是青藏高原东北部一条重要的NWW向边界断裂。玛曲断裂位于东昆仑断裂带的最东段。本文通过3个古地震剖面揭示出东昆仑断裂东段玛曲断裂全新世共有4次古地震事件。最新一次古地震事件为距今(1730±50)～(1802±52)a,第二次古地震的时间为距今(3736±57)～(4641±60)a;第三次为距今(8590±70)a;第四次为距今(12200±1700)a。其中第一次和第二次古地震事件的时间较为可靠,两次古地震事件之间的复发间隔为2400a左右,由此认为东昆仑断裂带东段的古震事件之间的复发间隔为2400a左右,古地震的离逝时间为距今(1730±50)～(1802±52)a。 相似文献
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通过对郯庐断裂带江苏新沂—安徽宿松段历史及现代地震活动性分析、地震地质调查结果及沿线跨断层水准测量结果的综合分析,认为郯庐断裂带新沂—宿松段近期地震危险性主要位于新沂—泗县一带和明光一带,其中新沂—泗县一带近期有发生Ms5.0～6.0级地震的活动背景;明光一带近期有发生Ms5.0级地震的活动背景. 相似文献
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位于旧金山湾东面的海沃德断层在地表以平均约 5 mm/a的速度持续蠕动着 ,使建筑物变形 ,道路、水管、加州大学伯克利分校橄榄球场 ,以及不幸位于该断层活动迹线上的别的东西断裂。该断层也会产生较大地震 ,最近一次较大地震发生于 1 86 8年 ,震级为 6 .8,发生在该断层的南部。一条在地表蠕动的断层也会产生大地震 ,这似乎自相矛盾。它如何能连续积累和释放应变能 ?只有当地震实际发生在蠕滑区下面的中地壳深度上的闭锁脆性区 (称之为凹凸体 )时 ,这种情况才有可能存在。沿海沃德断层的大多数地震活动发生在 1 2 km的深度之上 ,可能是由于断… 相似文献
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Characterization of Fault Zones 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
— There are currently three major competing views on the essential geometrical, mechanical, and mathematical nature of faults. The standard view is that faults are (possibly segmented and heterogeneous) Euclidean zones in a continuum solid. The continuum-Euclidean view is supported by seismic, gravity, and electromagnetic imaging studies; by successful modeling of observed seismic radiation, geodetic data, and changes in seismicity patterns; by detailed field studies of earthquake rupture zones and exhumed faults; and by recent high resolution hypocenter distributions along several faults. The second view focuses on granular aspects of fault structures and deformation fields. The granular view is supported by observations of rock particles in fault zone gouge; by studies of block rotations and the mosaic structure of the lithosphere (which includes the overall geometry of plate tectonics); by concentration of deformation signals along block boundaries; by correlation of seismicity patterns on scales several times larger than those compatible with a continuum framework; and by strongly heterogeneous wave propagation effects on the earth's surface. The third view is that faults are fractal objects with rough surfaces and branching geometry. The fractal view is supported by some statistical analysis of regional hypocenter locations; by long-range correlation of various measurements in geophysical boreholes; by the fact that observed power-law statistics of earthquakes are compatible with an underlying scale-invariant geometrical structure; by geometrical analysis of fault traces at the earth's surface; and by measurements of joint and fault surfaces topography.¶There are several overlaps between expected phenomenology in continuum-Euclidean, granular, and fractal frameworks of crustal deformation. As examples, highly heterogeneous seismic wavefields can be generated by granular media, by fractal structures, and by ground motion amplification around and scattering from an ensemble of Euclidean fault zones. A hierarchical granular structure may have fractal geometry. Power-law statistics of earthquakes can be generated by slip on one or more heterogeneous planar faults, by a fractal collection of faults, and by deformation of granular material. Each of the three frameworks can produce complex spatio-temporal patterns of earthquakes and faults. At present the existing data cannot distinguish unequivocally between the three different views on the nature of fault zones or determine their scale of relevance. However, in each observational category, the highest resolution results associated with mature large-displacement faults are compatible with the standard continuum-Euclidean framework. This can be explained by a positive feedback mechanism associated with strain weakening rheology and localization, which attracts the long-term evolution of faults toward progressive regularization and Euclidean geometry. A negative feedback mechanism associated with strain hardening during initial deformation phases and around persisting geometrical irregularities and conjugate sets of faults generates new fractures and granularity at different scales. We conclude that long-term deformation in the crust, including many aspects of the observed spatio-temporal complexity of earthquakes and faults, may be explained to first order within the continuum-Euclidean framework. 相似文献
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通过地质调查、联合钻孔勘察、断层露头剖面实测、光释光年龄测试等综合手段,对口泉断裂郊城段准确位置、断裂展布特征和活动性进行详细研究。结果表明,断裂在该地段由2条断裂组成,呈平行阶梯状,间距30 m,山区侧断裂断距1.4 m,盆地侧断裂断距1.9 m,两断裂断至地表属全新世活动断裂,为同期黏滑所致。晚更新世晚期(20.3~27.8 ka)地层平均沉积速率约为0.17 mm/a。沿断裂无明显的地貌陡坎,基岩山体剥蚀后退400~600 m。研究得出的断裂准确位置、展布特征及活动性结果,对口泉断裂形成历史、盆地的形成演化及对沿线工程规划和灾害评估有较大的参考意义。 相似文献
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断层泥中石英碎砾溶蚀形貌的测年研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
考虑到同一条断层的同一个位置所取的断层泥中，不同碎砾的溶蚀形貌并不相同，即使是同一个碎砾，其不同的表面，溶蚀形貌也可能不同，将统计学参数估计的方法引入结果处理中，并把在金川水电站坝区F1断层一次所取得断层泥样品碎砾的各个表面的总体当作一个整体进行处理，得出此断层的活动时间可能为早更新世的结果。与ESR法测得的结果基本一致。 相似文献
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地质雷达是利用电磁波对地下不同电性介质进行探测的地球物理仪器，其探测速率快、分辨率高，可弥补探槽和其他地球物理方法存在探测盲区的缺陷，正在越来越多地应用于活动断层探测领域。本文以乌拉山山前断裂为例开展地质雷达探测工作，使用无人机正射影像技术对测线进行地形校正，获得断层浅部地质雷达图像。研究结果表明，本文研究方法能有效反映探槽揭露的地层单元和断层分布。本次探测中，雷达波形图像特征为:浅地表的土壤层反射波总体较弱；粗粒沉积为主的砾石层反射波总体较强，同相轴连续性好；细粒沉积为主的砂层反射波弱于砾石层，波形以中、高频为主，同相轴具有弱连续性；对于洪冲积地区，地质雷达能分辨具有一定特征的地层单元，这为剖面图像的断层识别提供了标志；通过无人机正射影像技术对地质雷达测线进行地形校正，有利于获得更为准确的探测结果。 相似文献
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断层破碎带对非发震断层场地地震动的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用动接触单元对断层场地中的非发震断层的实际运动状态进行了模拟，并结合有限元模型分析了断层场地中非发震断层对场地地震动的影响。通过计算和比较无摩擦力、有摩擦力和无断层三种工况，探讨了动接触单元模拟非发震断层的合理性。计算中还考虑了断层破碎带及断层破碎带土的一些性质，结果表明考虑断层破碎带的存在对于地震动是有影响的。同时还指出，在研究实际非发震断层对场地地震动影响时，应具体考虑场地诸因素的复杂性。 相似文献
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INTRODUCTIONThe east Kunlun active fault is an important NWWtrending boundary fault on the northeasternmargin of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau.The fault extends fromthe northside of the Qiangtangmassif in the west,runs eastward through the Kusai Lake,Dongdatan,Xidatan,Tuosuo Lake andMaqu to the north of Zoig毢(Van Der Woerd,et al.,2002;Ma Yinsheng,et al.,2005;Seismological Bureau of Qinghai Province,et al.,1999;Li Chunfeng,et al.2004).The intenseleft-lateral strike-slip move… 相似文献
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拟建哈—佳铁路工程地震安评抗断参数研究——以依兰-伊通断裂为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
在对依兰-伊通断裂通河段晚第四纪活动参数获取的基础上,对该断裂的几何学特征和晚第四纪活动特征及有关拟建铁路地震安全的设防参数进行了探讨.研究结果表明,依兰-伊通断裂通河段总体走向N30-40°E,由3条断层组成,中支最新活动时代为全新世.该断裂未来发生7级地震时的水平位移量可能达2.2m左右,垂直位错量约为1.1m左右.该断裂全新世以来的活动性质表现为右旋走滑为主,兼具逆冲活动.根据探槽结果和野外地震地质调查得出断裂垂直位错约（1.0±0.2）m,右旋位错量约为（2.7±0.1）m,（1730-30）aB.P.以来的垂直滑动速率和水平滑动速率分别约为（0.57±0.11）mrn/a和（1.57±0.06）mm/a.未来100年内若遭遇地震,其最大水平位错量约2.87m,垂直位错值为1.04m.断层影响带宽度约为8m.该研究结果为拟建哈—佳铁路工程可能遭受的断层影响和抗震设防提供了一定的数据基础,也为地震安评中线状工程的抗断评价问题提供了一定的参考. 相似文献
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Finite Element Analysis of Fault Bend Influence on Stick-Slip Instability along an Intra-Plate Fault
— Earthquakes have been recognized as resulting from stick-slip frictional instabilities along the faults between deformable rocks. A three-dimensional finite-element code for modeling the nonlinear frictional contact behaviors between deformable bodies with the node-to-point contact element strategy has been developed and applied here to investigate the fault geometry influence on the nucleation and development process of the stick-slip instability along an intra-plate fault through a typical fault bend model, which has a pre-cut fault that is artificially bent by an angle of 5.6° at the fault center. The numerical results demonstrate that the geometry of the fault significantly affects nucleation, termination and restart of the stick-slip instability along the intra-plate fault, and all these instability phenomena can be well simulated using the current finite-element algorithm. 相似文献
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Interaction of a Dynamic Rupture on a Fault Plane with Short Frictionless Fault Branches 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Ronald L. Biegel Charles G. Sammis Ares J. Rosakis 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2007,164(10):1881-1904
Spontaneous bilateral mode II shear ruptures were nucleated on faults in photoelastic Homalite plates loaded in uniaxial compression.
Rupture velocities were measured and the interaction between the rupture front and short fault branches was observed using
high-speed digital photography. Fault branches were formed by machining slits of varying lengths that intersected the fault
plane over a range of angles. These branches were frictionless because they did not close under static loading prior to shear
rupture nucleation. Three types of behavior were observed. First, the velocity of both rupture fronts was unaffected when
the fault branches were oriented 45° to the main slip surface and the length of the branches were less than or equal to ~0.75
R0* (where R0* is the slip-weakening distance in the limit of low rupture speed and an infinitely long slip-pulse). Second, rupture propagation
stopped at the branch on the compressive side of the rupture tip but was unaffected by the branch on the tensile side when
the branches were ~1.5 R0* in length and remained oriented 45° to the principle slip surface. Third, branches on the tensile side of the rupture tip
nucleated tensile ``wing tip' extensions when the branches were oriented at 70° to the interface. Third, when the branches
were oriented at 70° to the interface, branches on the tensile side of the rupture tip nucleated tensile ``wing-crack' extensions.
We explain these observations using a model in which the initial uniaxial load produces stress concentrations at the tips
of the branches, which perturb the initial stress field on the rupture plane. These stress perturbations affect both the resolved
shear stress driving the rupture and the fault-normal stress that controls the fault strength, and together they explain the
observed changes in rupture speed. 相似文献
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安宁河活动断裂带的新活动性 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
晚更新世开始具有强烈新活动性的安宁河断裂,全长近150千米,总体走向呈近南北,从断裂几何结构可明显地分成南（小盐井-西宁）、北（小盐井-田湾）两段。由数十条次级断层组成的安宁河活断裂带,无论从断层证据、微地貌、突变带还是地震活动等均表明这是一条以左旋水平走滑为主,具有强烈挤压特征的最新活动断裂带。 相似文献