共查询到19条相似文献,搜索用时 187 毫秒
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在前人工作的基础上,应用概率增益的思想对西北地区东部地震前兆观测的综合概率增益进行了探索性的应用研究。结果表明,前兆手段的概率增益异常集中出现在震前半年至震前1~3个月,异常项数随时间向发震时刻逼近而增加,未来震中在异常区附近,异常在空间上较为集中;前兆综合概率增益变化较大,中强地震前最高可达6个量级,但与台网的分布密度有关;中强地震前的平均台项概率增益总体上与震级大小有关,另外还与前兆台项的映震效果有关。 相似文献
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四川地区水化学短期异常指标与地震预测方法 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
应用四川地区水化学自建台以来的观测资料,研究四川及邻区所有6级以上地震和部分5级以上地震前四川水化学各台项的中期异常特征、中期异常向短期异常过渡特征以及短期异常特征,提出水化学短期异常指标判据和预报规则,并对提出的短期预测指标用R值进行预测效能检验。 相似文献
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1976年以来,四川理塘温泉水温观测积累了大量的观测资料及异常变化信息。通过对理塘温泉周边7级以上地震前理塘水温原始观测值出现的显著变化进行总结,发现理塘温泉水温在多次7级以上地震前均出现了大幅度破年变下降,下降变化幅度超过5℃,持续低值状态时间超过半年。同时,利用Molchan图表法计算理塘水温的原始观测值、一阶差分原始值及绝对值、去趋势差分值、滑动值,并对经验模式和Dobrovolsky地震能量模型所选取的2个地震目录分别进行了检验和分析,计算时间占有率、预测效能和概率增益等参数。结果显示,由于经验模式条目少于Dobrovolsky地震能量模型所筛选的条目,计算出的预报效能整体高于Dobrovolsky地震能量模型,而其中一阶差分原始值及绝对值检验结果较好,其差分绝对值在阈值为4.89℃时的预报效能为0.6,证明理塘水温短时间内温度大幅变化与周边地震存在对应关系,该阈值也较为接近经验预报的相关阈值。 相似文献
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数字化观测资料中含有丰富的高频异常信息, 这些高频信息中可能隐含着与地震有关的异常信号。 引入概率密度分布法对2013年4月20日芦山MS7.0地震发生前南北地震带水位、 水温分钟值观测数据高频成分进行分析, 结果表明, 芦山MS7.0地震前南北地震带共有17个测点、 19组数据出现高频异常信息, 其中水位5组、 水温14组, 高频异常多集中在四川南部构造带, 且随着时间进程发展, 异常幅值逐渐减小且异常出现向震中区迁移的特征。 通过应用Molchan图表法对提取的高频信息进行统计检验, 结果显示, 概率密度分布法提取的高频异常对地震具有较好的预测效果。 通过对震源区及附近区域大地构造演化、 前兆异常发展及地壳运动速度场等特征分析, 结果发现, 计算得到的地下流体高频异常空间分布特征与南北地震带地壳运动场具有很好的一致性, 表明利用概率密度分布法提取的高频异常与区域构造活动存在一定相关性, 同时也为前人关于对异常形成机理的研究提供了旁证。 相似文献
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通过研究青藏高原地区地震的发震时间和空间分布规律,发现青藏高原西北地区70%的6级以上地震发生在青藏高原地震活动高潮时期,以青藏高原西北地区地震的发震时间为基准,以一年的时间窗口去检测南北地震带发生的地震,发现青藏高原西北地区与南北地震带中强震发震时间接近,具有很强的关联。青藏高原西北地区发生的地震与南北地震带南、北、中段的地震活动相关性各不相同,地震活动频次上呈现出与南北地震带北段相关性最弱,与南段相关性最强,但在震级上表现出与南北地震带北段和中段强震活动关系密切,与滇缅构造转换区的中震联系紧密,图像信息方法为两个地区地震活动相关性提供了证据。研究同时发现以海原地震为起始地震时南北地震带的强震具有由北向南往复迁移的特征,南北地震带中段和滇缅构造转换区的地震迁移次数更多,表明两个地区地震活动确实联系紧密。这项研究对于南北地震带的地震危险性评价和"源线模式"地震预测方法具有重要的意义。 相似文献
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利用海东地区的流体观测资料分析了在强震前的异常特征,同时探讨了数字化观测资料的典型震例。通过分析研究表明,青海东部地区的流体在地震前趋势性异常不显著,短期异常特征较为明显,数字化流体观测资料在震前存在明显的短期异常过程,其中乐都气氡、平安表层水温、乐都表层水温短期异常明显,民和、循化水氡存在破年变或高值波动的中短期异常。 相似文献
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对降水预报进行性能评估及应用对策研究可以更好地发挥降水预报在水库调度中的决策支持作用.基于大别山库区近10 a汛期(2007—2016年5月1日—9月30日)24~168 h共7个预见期降水预报和地面降水观测资料,采用正确率、TS评分、概率统计、ROC曲线以及CTS等方法评估大别山库区降水预报性能,并以响洪甸水库为重点研究区域分析降水预报在水库调度中的应用对策.结果表明:1)大别山库区各量级的降水预报都有正预报技巧;24~72 h预见期降水预报的TS评分较高且空报率、漏报率也较低,具有较高的预报性能;但96 h及以上预见期降水预报性能明显下降,中雨以上量级空报率、漏报率较大,特别是对大暴雨及其以上量级的降水预报性能显著下降.2)大别山库区预报降水量级与实况降水量级基本符合,预报降水量级大于等于实况降水量级的概率超过75%;虽然降水预报量级上呈现出过度预报的现象,但降水过程预报对水库调度仍有较好的应用价值,应用时要考虑到降水预报量级可能存在偏差.3)转折性天气预报96 h及以上预见期CTS评分较低,但72 h以内预见期的性能明显改进,尤其是24 h预见期CTS评分也提高到了38.2%;水库调度可从长预见期的降水预报获取降水过程及其可能发生转折的信息,根据短预见期的降水预报进行调度方案调整. 相似文献
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This study examines the effectiveness of targeted meteorological observations for improving ozone prediction in Houston and
the surrounding area based on perfect-model simulation experiments. Supplementary observations are targeted for the location
that has the highest impact factor (maximum Kalman gain) estimated from an ensemble and is expected to minimize ozone forecast
uncertainty at the verification time. It is found that the observational impact factor field varies with time and is sensitive
to ensemble resolutions and physics parameterizations. The efficiency of observation targeting is further examined through
assimilating observations in areas with different impact factors using an ensemble Kalman filter. It is found that the ensemble
sensitivity analysis is capable of locating supplementary observations that may reduce meteorological and ozone forecast error,
but not as effectively as expected. 相似文献
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在水库地震预测中首次引进了地震概率增益综合预测模型,叙述了该方法的基本原理;探讨了影响水库地震最大震级发生的因素;结合中国水库及其水库地震震例资料,对水库地震综合影响因素E值、库容、库水深度因素或指标预测水库地震最大震级的效能R值和经验概率增益K值进行了统计和评价,表明概率增益综合预测能够对各种预测方法预测水库地震的效果进行定量分析。在此基础上,选择国内外若干水库进行了水库地震最大震级回溯性检验,表明该方法作为一种新的水库地震最大震级预测方法是可行的 相似文献
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We examined forecasting quiescence and activation models to obtain the conditional probability that a large earthquake will occur in a specific time period on different scales in Taiwan. The basic idea of the quiescence and activation models is to use earthquakes that have magnitudes larger than the completeness magnitude to compute the expected properties of large earthquakes. We calculated the probability time series for the whole Taiwan region and for three subareas of Taiwan—the western, eastern, and northeastern Taiwan regions—using 40 years of data from the Central Weather Bureau catalog. In the probability time series for the eastern and northeastern Taiwan regions, a high probability value is usually yielded in cluster events such as events with foreshocks and events that all occur in a short time period. In addition to the time series, we produced probability maps by calculating the conditional probability for every grid point at the time just before a large earthquake. The probability maps show that high probability values are yielded around the epicenter before a large earthquake. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of the probability maps demonstrate that the probability maps are not random forecasts, but also suggest that lowering the magnitude of a forecasted large earthquake may not improve the forecast method itself. From both the probability time series and probability maps, it can be observed that the probability obtained from the quiescence model increases before a large earthquake and the probability obtained from the activation model increases as the large earthquakes occur. The results lead us to conclude that the quiescence model has better forecast potential than the activation model. 相似文献
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地下流体的观测与研究,是捕捉地震前兆信息的主要方法之一,是做好地震监测预报的重要途径.对易门静水位十多年观测中的一些异常与地震作分析、探讨,从单项指标的分析到综合指标的研究运用,并在多年的预测预报实践中,筛选出对应率、概率较高的5个短临预报指标,其预报准确率为0.928.预报有效率为0.948,可靠率为0.938,通过... 相似文献
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Temporal distribution of earthquakes with M w > 6 in the Dasht-e-Bayaz region, eastern Iran has been investigated using time-dependent models. Based on these types of models, it is assumed that the times between consecutive large earthquakes follow a certain statistical distribution. For this purpose, four time-dependent inter-event distributions including the Weibull, Gamma, Lognormal, and the Brownian Passage Time (BPT) are used in this study and the associated parameters are estimated using the method of maximum likelihood estimation. The suitable distribution is selected based on logarithm likelihood function and Bayesian Information Criterion. The probability of the occurrence of the next large earthquake during a specified interval of time was calculated for each model. Then, the concept of conditional probability has been applied to forecast the next major (M w > 6) earthquake in the site of our interest. The emphasis is on statistical methods which attempt to quantify the probability of an earthquake occurring within a specified time, space, and magnitude windows. According to obtained results, the probability of occurrence of an earthquake with M w > 6 in the near future is significantly high. 相似文献