共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
采用新编《系列世界地图》绘制出一套四种全球板块分布图，具体分为，“东半球版”、“西半球版”、“北半球版”和“南半球版”.其中，“东半球版”和“西半球版”为“经线全球板块分布图”，适用于反映东、西半球的板块构造分布；“南半球版”和“北半球版”为“纬线全球板块分布图”，适用于反映南、北半球的板块构造分布.基于《系列世界地图》的全球板块分布图以东、西、南、北四种视角，从经度、纬度两种方向，将全球板块构造以多元化的形式地表达出来，为深入研究板块相互作用和运动机制，提供一种新的图形工具. 相似文献
2.
地球南北半球的非对称性 总被引：12，自引：1，他引：12
依据新的计算分析和空间观测数据,进一步论述了地球南北半球的非对称性. 全球热散失量的计算得出,南半球高出北半球33髎;南半球地幔热散失量是北半球的2倍. 比较南北半球S波速度分布,得出南半球的上地幔为低速、高温,北半球的上地幔为高速、低温. 计算地幔各层的质心位置发现,地球的质心偏于北半球. 计算地球经、纬圈长度的年变化率表明,南半球在扩张,北半球在收缩. 用空间大地测量数据的检测结果证实,南半球处于扩张状态,北半球处于压缩状态. 对地球的非对称性作了初步的动力学解释. 相似文献
3.
大地震纬向分布的基本规律与动力学解释 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
统计了 1 90 0～ 1 999年全球大地震 (M≥ 7.0 )的纬向分布 ,进一步证实了全球大地震的分布的确存在不对称问题 ,北、南半球大地震发生的次数不对称 ,北半球多 ,南半球少 ;二个半球大地震集中分布的区域不对称 ,北半球大地震集中分布的区域为 1 5°～ 55°,南半球集中分布的区域为 0°～ 35°;北半球有 3个明显的大地震分布区间 ,即 1 5°～ 2 0°,35°～ 45°,50°～ 55°;两极地区无大地震。并且导出了计算日、月对地壳纬向水平引潮力达到极值的计算公式 ,根据日、月水平引潮力达到极值时的纬度分布的规律 ,较好地解释了全球大地震分布的不对称问题 相似文献
4.
基于四川区域地震台网记录的波形资料,利用CAP波形反演方法,同时获取了2013年4月20日芦山M7.0级地震序列中88个M≥3.0级地震的震源机制解、震源矩心深度与矩震级,进而利用应变花（strain rosette）和面应变（areal strain）As值,分析了芦山地震序列震源机制和震源区构造运动与变形特征.获得的主要结果有：（1）芦山M7.0级主震破裂面参数为走向219°/倾角43°/滑动角101°,矩震级为MW6.55,震源矩心深度15 km.芦山地震余震区沿龙门山断裂带走向长约37 km、垂直断裂带走向宽约16 km.主震两侧余震呈不对称分布,主震南西侧余震区长约27 km、北东侧长约10 km.余震分布在7~22 km深度区间,优势分布深度为9~14 km,序列平均深度约13 km,多数余震分布在主震上部.粗略估计的芦山地震震源体体积为37 km×16 km×16 km.（2）面应变As值统计显示,芦山地震序列以逆冲型地震占绝对优势,所占比例超过93%.序列主要受倾向NW、倾角约45°的近NE-SW向逆冲断层控制;部分余震发生在与上述主发震断层近乎垂直的倾向SE的反冲断层上;龙门山断裂带前山断裂可能参与了部分余震活动.P轴近水平且优势方位单一,呈NW-SE向,与龙门山断裂带南段所处区域构造应力场方向一致,反映芦山地震震源区主要受区域构造应力场控制,芦山地震是近NE-SW向断层在近水平的NW-SE向主压应力挤压作用下发生逆冲运动的结果.序列中6次非逆冲型地震均发生在主震震中附近,且主震震中附近P轴仰角变化明显,表明主震对其震中附近局部区域存在明显的应力扰动.（3）序列整体及不同震级段的应变花均呈NW向挤压白瓣形态,显示芦山地震震源区深部构造呈逆冲运动、NW向纯挤压变形.各震级段的应变花方位与形状一致,具有震级自相似性特征,揭示震源区深部构造运动和变形模式与震级无关.（4）不同深度的应变花形态以NW-NWW向挤压白瓣为优势,显示震源区构造无论是总体还是分段均以NW-NWW向挤压变形为特征.但应变花方位与形状随深度仍具有较明显的变化,可能反映了震源区构造变形在深度方向上存在分段差异.（5）芦山地震震源体尺度较小,且主震未发生在龙门山断裂带南段主干断裂上,南段长期积累的应变能未能得到充分释放,南段仍存在发生强震的危险. 相似文献
5.
本研究收集了中国东北地区2008—2016年九年时间内207个固定地震台站和127个NECESSArray流动地震台站的波形资料，利用SKS波分裂的最小切向能量网格搜索方法获得了243个台站的有效分裂结果.研究结果显示，尽管研究区各向异性快波方向基本以NW-SE向为主，但无论是在快波方向上还是快慢波时间延迟上不同构造单元内部与不同构造单元之间均存在着较大差别.大兴安岭造山带北部的各向异性快波方向自北向南由NNE-SSW向转变为NNW-SSE向，在中部以NW-SE向为主，而南部自北而南由NE-SW向逐渐转变为近E-W向；松辽盆地的各向异性快波方向在北部自西向东主要表现为由NNW-SSE向逐渐转变为NW-SE向，在中部自西向东由NE-SW向转变为近E-W向，而在南部既有NE-SW向又有NW-SE向；佳木斯地块各向异性方向由西部的NW-SE转变为东部的NNW-SSE，同时快慢波时间延迟逐渐变大；长白山造山带北部自北向南由NW-SE向逐渐转变为近E-W向，中部各向异性快波方向为NNW-SSE向，且快慢波时间延迟较大，而南部以NW-SE向为主；燕山造山带的各向异性快波方向主要沿E-W向分布，基本平行于燕山造山带的走向.这些结果说明，尽管复杂的各向异性快波方向与局部岩石圈拆沉和热物质上涌有关，但更重要是与"大地幔楔"中物质水平流等动力过程密切相关，也有待将来结合更多地震资料如面波不同深度的特征各向异性进行分析.在阿巴嘎火山群、哈拉哈火山群、长白山火山、龙岗火山和镜泊湖火山区及五大连池火山区等特殊构造区的周边地区，各向异性快波方向围绕这些构造区随方位均发生明显变化，暗示了火山区下方热物质上涌可能影响了"大地幔楔"中的软流圈物质水平流方向. 相似文献
6.
《地球物理学报》2021,(6)
采用NECESSArray流动地震台阵2009—2011年期间纪录的154个远震波形资料,使用考虑各向异性的走时层析成像方法获得了中国东北地区上地幔三维P波速度扰动和方位各向异性图像.结果显示,东北地区上地幔P波速度扰动和方位各向异性均存在明显的横向不均匀性.阿尔山火山区下方存在深至地幔转换带的柱状低速异常,可能暗示存在来自深部的岩浆运移通道;410 km以下,阿尔山地区下方低速异常与松辽盆地下方低速异常汇合,同时各向异性快波速度方向FVD整体为NW向分布,表明二者可能具有共同的深部热源补给.在松辽盆地下方100 km,盆地南侧及中部地区FVD呈近E-W向展布,东侧则呈NE-SW向展布,推测可能受到E-W走向的华北克拉通—松嫩地块拼合带及NE向深大断裂的共同影响;410 km以下,FVD整体以NW向分布为主,与SKS结果类似,可能表明SKS各向异性的来源深度较深,推测其形成机制与太平板块西向俯冲有关.长白山火山区下方200 km内FVD展布与块体拼合带走向一致,反映了拼合过程对局部构造变形的影响;300 km以下显示出一致的NW向特征,推断与太平洋板块的西向俯冲有关;520～660 km内火山区西北方存在一个低速异常区,但方位各向异性幅值较大,整体趋势一致,初步推测与来自深部的地幔热柱关系不大,可能与滞留板块的深部脱水作用有关. 相似文献
7.
基于《系列世界地图》和全球数字高程模型,绘制出一套四种的系列世界地势图,具体分为:"东半球版"、"西半球版"、"北半球版"和"南半球版".其中,"东半球版"和"西半球版"为"经向世界地势图",适用于表达东、西半球的地形和构造分布;"南半球版"和"北半球版"为"纬向世界地势图",适用于表达南、北半球的地形和构造分布.新编世界地势图采用分层设色的方法显示出各高程带的范围以及区域地貌形态、不掺杂任何人为描绘成分、将全世界陆地和海底的地势起伏逼真地表现了出来,为地学研究提供了一种新的图形工具.目前,该图件已经正式出版. 相似文献
8.
本文利用云南区域地震台网提供的震相报告,采用"多阶段定位"方法,对2021年5月21日云南漾濞Ms6.4地震序列的震源位置进行了重新定位.选取序列中13次具有高信噪比宽频带波形记录的Ms≥4.0地震事件,应用CAP波形反演方法,获取了这些事件的震源机制解和震源矩心深度.结果显示,漾濞地震序列震中距离NE侧的维西—乔后断裂约3～10 km,余震区长轴呈NW-SE向展布,长约22 km,震源优势分布深度为4～8 km,反映本次地震发生在上地壳浅部.地震分布北西窄、南东宽的分段特征明显,北西段地震更浅、更密集,南东段事件更深、更分散且存在向S偏转的现象.余震区不同位置的短轴剖面分析表明,发震构造倾向SW,南东段倾角缓于北西段.北西段还存在规模较小的NE向共轭断裂,长度约5 km.5月18日开始的前震自余震区中段向NW逐级迁移扩展,前震序列密集且存在相互触发,符合前震发生的级联模式.主震位于余震密集区的NW端,表明其具备SE向单侧破裂特征.多数4级以上地震的震源机制解都具有与序列长轴走向一致的NW-SE走向、高倾角SW倾向节面;基于震源机制解反演获得的区域构造应力场显示,发震构造受NNW-SSE向近水平主压应力作用发生右旋走滑运动,揭示主发震断层产状和错动类型与维西—乔后断裂基本一致.因此,可初步判定发震构造为维西—乔后断裂的平行伴生断裂,这一构造的形成可能与川滇块体SE向滑移和滇西南块体的顺时针旋转有关. 相似文献
9.
ITRF97下空间对地观测站速度矢量显示的全球构造运动 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
利用ITRF97的站速度矢量研究现代地壳运动特征，发现ITRF97站速度矢量与NUVEL-1A板块运动模型有很好的一致性. 它们共同显示，北半球以北大西洋为轴向北东、北西向裂开，欧亚大陆向北东、东、南东运动; 北美大陆向北西、西、南西运动, 但南半球板块运动状态截然不同, 南美、非洲、印-澳三板块各自的本体运动几乎全部指向北东-北北东, 三者之间以南大西洋脊和印度洋脊为界, 而且运动矢量逐次加大, 呈现南半球整体运动与洋脊张裂运动的叠加所造成的“落后式”拉张关系, 北半球和南半球之间速度矢量场的差异十分明显, 显示其间运动场不协调带, 此带内地质调查早已确定存在一组斜列式断续延伸的剪切破裂带. 沿此南/北半球之间的运动不协调带及其内部的大断裂带自1999年8月至2001年1月连续发生8次M≥7.8地震, 而环太平洋俯冲带内地震活动则明显降低, 充分显示了南/北半球之间的运动不协调带在全球板块运动中所显示的全球尺度的独立地位. 验算结果初步揭示了南/北半球之间的相对错动关系. 相似文献
10.
11.
Based on the horizontal deformation field and the strain field derived from the GPS data over the period of 1999～2001 in the Yunnan area, the characteristics of deformation and strain in the northern part of Yunnan Province have been studied. The results indicate that the central part of the studied area is rather stable with little crustal displacement, while the western and eastern parts are active with larger displacement. The strain field reveals that the orientations of the principal compressive strain axis of the crust and the sub-blocks in the area are NW-SE, while the orientations of the principal tensile strain axis is NE-SW. In the studied area, the tensile strain is predominatly in the northern part and the compressive strain is predominatly in the central and southern parts. The stretching direction of the shear-strain contour is basically consistent with the strike of the active fault. The strain and stress fields of the fault activity are related to the structure where the fault is located, while the activity properties of the faults are different. 相似文献
12.
There is increasing evidence that various manifestations of solar activity are non-axisymmetric and mainly occur in two preferred longitude ranges, so called active longitudes. We have earlier analyzed the longitudinal occurrence of solar X-ray flares observed by GOES satellites using a specially developed dynamic, differentially rotating coordinate system. In this frame, the longitude distribution shows two persistent preferred longitudes separated by about 180 degrees whose strength alternates in time according to the so called flip-flop phenomenon. Here we make the first global statistical analysis to find the best fitting values for parameters describing the differential rotation of active longitudes of X-ray flares. We find that the new analysis greatly improves the earlier values for the rotation parameters, making them consistent between the three different classes of X-ray flares. The improved parameters also yield a systematically higher level of non-axisymmetry for the longitudinal distribution, thus increasing the statistical significance of the existence of active longitudes. Accordingly, a significant amount of X-ray flares of different classes are produced by the same two active longitudes. We also find a significant difference between the rotation rates in the two solar hemispheres, with active longitudes rotating faster than the Carrington rate in the northern hemisphere and slower than the Carrington rate in the southern hemisphere. 相似文献
13.
Abstract The orientations of both healed extension microcracks and microcracks in quartz grains sealed mostly by carbonate minerals were measured from Cretaceous granodiorite core samples drilled along the Nojima Fault, southwest Japan. The preferred orientations of both healed and sealed microcracks consist of approximately three orthogonal sets, (components) A, B and C, in which A strikes NS–NW-SE and dips vertically, B strikes EW–NE-SW and dips vertically, and C is subhorizontal. Both the healed and sealed microcracks were possibly formed by hydraulic fracturing, and the successive release of tensile stress due to pore fluid overpressure in the principal stress directions could have caused this microcracking in mutually orthogonal directions. The quartz grains are also very moderately plastically deformed, which is indicated by the occurrence of kink bands and undulose extinction. The association of healed microcracks and kink bands in the quartz suggests that these microstructures formed under subgreenschist facies conditions (≈300°C) during hydrothermal activity that could have occurred immediately after the emplacement of granodiorite during the Late Cretaceous period. Based on both the preferred orientation of microcracks, and c-axis fabrics of kinked and unkinked grains (so called kink method), it is inferred that the σ1 -and σ3 -axis were oriented horizontally in NS–NW-SE and EW–NE-SW directions, respectively. The inferred paleostress field does not conform to the east–west-trending compression during the Quaternary period, but to the activation of EW–NE-SW-trending, left–lateral strike–slip faults during the Late Cretaceous period in southwest Japan. 相似文献
14.
15.
Gil A. J. Rodríguez-Caderot G. Lacy M. C. Ruiz A. M. Sanz de Galdeano C. Alfaro P. 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2002,46(3):395-410
The Granada Basin (Central Betic Cordillera), one of the most seismically active areas of the Iberian Peninsula, is currently subjected to NW-SE compression and NE-SW extension. The present day extension is accommodated by normal faults with various orientations but particularly with a NW-SE strike. At the surface, these active NW-SE normal faults are mainly concentrated on the NE part of the Basin. In this part we have selected a 15-km long segment where several active normal faults crop out. Using the marine Tortonian rocks as a reference, we have calculated a minimum extensional rate of 0.15-0.30 mm/year. The observed block rotation, the listric geometry of faults at depth and the distribution of seismicity over the whole Basin, indicate that this rate is a minimum value. In the framework of an interdisciplinary research project a non-permanent GPS-network has been established in the central sector of Betic Cordillera to monitor the crustal deformations. The first two observation campaigns were done in 1999 and 2000. 相似文献
16.
于吉鹏 孟国杰 苏小宁 Nikolay Shestakov Mikhail Gerasimenko Hiroaki Takahashi Mako Ohzono 刘泰 李承涛 《地震》2019,39(3):11-27
基于中国东北和俄罗斯远东东南部2012—2017年的GPS观测数据, 利用包含年周期、 半年周期、 线性项和阶跃项的函数模型拟合GPS站坐标时间序列, 得到ITRF2014下的速度场, 并进一步转换到欧亚参考框架下得到相对欧亚板块的速度场。 基于多尺度球面小波方法解算应变率场, 并分析了其空间分布特征, 同时研究了各GPS站对2011年日本东北MW9.0大地震的震后松弛响应特征和背景形变场特征。 结果表明: ① 若不扣除日本东北大地震的松弛效应, 相对欧亚板块中国东北主体上表现为东南方向运动, 在依兰—伊通断裂和嫩江断裂带之间, 地壳表现为逆时针旋转, 其他区域向东南方向运动, 方向一致性较好, 在敦化—密山断裂东侧速度大小明显增加。 敦化—密山断裂和依兰—伊通断裂两侧拉张量分别为3.96±0.04 mm/a和0.71±0.05 mm/a, 两条断裂的剪切运动不明显。 总体上, 面应变率显示出NW—SE向的拉张和NE—SW向的挤压, 面应变率显示出依兰—伊通断裂南端、 嫩江断裂带北端和俄罗斯远东东南部呈挤压状态。 在依兰—伊通断裂、 敦化—密山断裂南侧以及俄罗斯远东东南部最大剪应变率相对较大。 ② 各GPS测站对2011年日本东北MW9.0大地震震后松弛的响应整体上表现为东南向运动, 松弛形变量随震中距增加而减小。 松弛效应的面应变率总体上表现为NW—SE向的拉张和NE—SW向的挤压, 面应变率显示出依兰—伊通、 敦化—密山断裂南端、 嫩江断裂带北端以及俄罗斯远东地区具有挤压特征, 其他地区表现为拉张特征。 中国与俄罗斯远东边界南端存在一个明显的最大剪应变率高值区。 ③ 扣除日本东北MW9.0大地震引起的松弛变形后, 总体上面应变率仍然表现为NW—SE向的拉张和NE—SW向的挤压, 面应变率最大值仍然位于依兰—伊通断裂和敦化—密山断裂南端、 第二松花江断裂带以及俄罗斯远东和中国边界最南段。 在依兰—伊通断裂、 敦化—密山断裂南端, 中国与俄罗斯远东边界南端的最大剪应变率高值区仍然存在, 表明这些地区应变积累较快, 并且一直在持续。 相似文献
17.
Miocene igneous dikes older and younger than 15 Ma in Southwest Japan are thought to be oriented parallel and perpendicular to the arc, respectively. This difference of orientations was referred to as significant evidence for termination of the opening of the Japan Sea at 15 Ma. The tightest constraint comes from ~60 dikes in the Tajima–Myokensan area, northern Hyogo Prefecture. Here we present orientations of 716 planar intrusive bodies and the directions of 143 meso-scale faults, obtained using the latest stress inversion techniques from the lower to middle Miocene Hokutan Group in the Tajima–Myokensan area. The results contradict the 15 Ma hypothesis for the end of the opening of the Japan Sea. We find that intrusive bodies cannot be separated into two groups by their orientations as reported previously. Rather, the orientations of their poles comprise a horizontal girdle and a vertical cluster. The former indicates NE-SW extensional stress, and the latter NW-SE compression. However, the latter are interpreted as not representative of regional stress, based on common sill intrusions (the formation of which was not influenced by regional stress) in the well-stratified Muraoka Formation resulting in the vertical cluster of pole orientations from which compression was recognized. The results of fault-slip analysis are consistent with the extensional stress. Fission-track and U–Pb ages of zircons were obtained from seven intrusive bodies. These and previously published ages suggest that the area underwent NW-SE extension both before and after 15 Ma. In the main part of Southwest Japan, the weak extension was kept after 16 Ma when intra-arc rifting was terminated. This is consistent with the hypothesis that the Japan Sea continued to open until 13.5 Ma. 相似文献
18.
A detailed gravity survey was carried out in one of the seismo-active areas at the northwestern region of the High Dam Lake (Kalabsha area) to study its subsurface structure. In order to understand the seismicity of the area, the establishment of a geodynamic model from geological and geodetic data is of great importance. After a series of adjustments and corrections of the measured gravity data, free-air and Bouguer anomaly maps were constructed for the Kalabsha area, and several interpretation techniques were applied to analyse these anomalies. The results of the analysis indicate that the Kalabsha area is affected by several faults trending mainly E-W and N-S. The active area located west of Gebel Marawa is bounded by a set of faults striking NE-SW, N-S and E-W. The throws of these faults range from 160 to 370 m.The minimum depth to the basement complex is about 200 m and its maximum depth is around 600 m. The thickness of the sedimentary column (Nubia sandstone) in the Kalabsha area decreases due west and increases toward the southern and eastern parts of the area. The results explain the tectonic framework of the area well. 相似文献
19.
利用于田震中300 km范围内的1个GPS连续站和12个GPS流动站数据，解算得到了2014年新疆于田MS7.3地震地表同震位移，并反演了发震断层滑动分布，探讨此次地震对周边断裂的影响.地表同震位移结果显示，GPS观测到的同震位移范围在平行发震断裂带的北东-南西向约210 km，垂直发震断裂带的北西-南东方向约为120 km，同震位移量大于10 mm的测站位于震中距约120 km以内；同震位移特征整体表现为北东-南西方向的左旋走滑和北西-南东方向的拉张特征，其中在北东-南西方向，I069测站位移最大，约为32.1 mm，在北西-南东方向，XJYT测站位移最大，约为28.1 mm；位错反演结果表明，最大滑动位于北纬36.05°，东经82.60°，位于深部约16.6 km，最大错动量为2.75 m，反演震级为MW7.0，同震错动呈椭圆形分布，以左旋走滑为主并具有正倾滑分量，两者最大比值约为2.5：1，同震错动延伸至地表，并向北东方向延伸，总破裂长度约50 km，地表最大错动约1.0 m；同震水平位移场模拟结果显示贡嘎错断裂、康西瓦断裂和普鲁断裂等不同位置主应变特征具有差异性，这种差异特征是否影响断裂带以及周围区域的应力构造特征，值得关注. 相似文献