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1.
ZhuShilong 《中国地震研究》2002,16(3):210-216
As an earthquake-prone country, China has made sustained efforts in the study of earthquakes and disaster mitigation during the past several decades, with China Seismological Bureau (CSB) as the backbone of these efforts. Working towards this purpose, a series of key projects were implemented in the “Ninth Five-Year Plan” (1995-2000) to upgrade earthquake monitoring systems and to improve the supporting infrastructure, significant results in earthquake science were achieved. In the new century, we have worked out a blueprint for earthquake preparedness and disaster mitigation in the “Tenth Five-Year Plan”, which emphases 3 systems (i.e. Seismic Monitoring & Prediction, Seismic Hazards Prevention, Emergency Response), and 10 key projects in earthquake science and technology. 相似文献
2.
Liu Yaowei 《中国地震研究》2007,21(1):16-32
This paper presents a review of the development of scientific research and practice of earthquake underground fluid in China during the last 40 years, summaries early constructive research and primary achievements in this field. The science of earthquake underground fluid is closely correlated with earthquake monitoring and prediction, such as innovations in observation techniques and theoretical methods, and analysis of diversified parameters and research into predictive methods. The historical evolution of observation networks for underground fluid indicates that the demand for strong earthquake monitoring and prediction has become the driving force of the construction and development of the observation network. The development of observation techniques represents the trend based on multiform measurement, syntheses, and digitization. The study results of underground fluid theory and precursory mechanisms suggest that the precursory model, numerical simulation and in-door or field experimental research are the main technological approaches promoting innovation. Research results of earthquake forecast methods use physics based forecast techniques and the ideas of combination of usability and scientific advance. It has been proved by forecast practice that studying underground fluid is a very important subject in earthquake prediction on the Chinese mainland. Finally, the primary work and technical criterion on underground fluid are introduced, and some major scientific issues and development trends in different historical stages are summarized. 相似文献
3.
With the development of science and technology, the digital seismograph system has been adopted in largequantities for earthquake observation in China in recent years, which will replace gradually the original analogseismograph system. This is a big leap in the earthquake observation. The digital seismograph system make it pos-sible for us to perform fast great earthquake reports, obtain more information from earthquake records, whichcomes from the Earth interior media and the source process, and carry out further the researches on seismic sci-ence.…… 相似文献
4.
Zhang Guomin 《中国地震研究》2007,21(1):1-15
The paper describes firstly the principles and scientific train of thought involved in determining the significant seismic monitoring and protection regions (SSMPR) in China. The principles include the gradation principle, i.e. the national level SSMPR and the provincial level SSMPR, the principle of highlighting priorities, namely, the area of an SSMPR should be a fraction of the total area of the country or of the respective province, but the earthquake losses incurred in SSMPR should be a major proportion of the national or provincial ones. The scientific train of thought adopted is to determine the SSMPR on the basis of seismic hazard assessment and loss estimation. Secondly, it reviews the achievements in determining the SSMPRs for the period from 1996 to 2005. The result shows that 10 strong earthquakes occurred during that period in the areas with earthquake monitoring and prediction capability available on the Chinese continent, 8 of which occurred in SSMPRs with the economic loss and death toll accounting for 67% and 92% of the total loss on the Chinese mainland. Lastly, the paper introduces preparatory research for determining the SSMPR for the period from 2006 to 2020, including decade-scale mid-and long-range seismic risk assessment based on seismology, seismogeology, geodesy, earthquake engineering, sociology and stochastics and so on, and the national seismic risk probability map, the seismic hazard (intensity) map, earthquake disaster losses map and the comprehensive seismic risk index, etc. obtained for the period of 2006 to 2020. 相似文献
5.
Ding Xiang 《中国地震研究》2004,18(2):125-130
The China‘ s Earthquake Cases and Disaster Information System based on GIS (MapECDIS2002 for Windows) is a GIS system developed to provide a tool for the government and the public to inquire and learn about disaster information (since 2221BC) and case study results (since 1966) of destructive earthquakes in China. The system is expected to be helpful, as an applied supplementary tool, for scientists and management personnel in earthquake prediction practice, seismological research and earthquake disaster research. The design idea and main functions of the system are introduced in the paper. 相似文献
6.
In this paper, the research progress of the Operational Earthquake Forecasting (OEF) is introduced from the major areas of concern, the concept of probability gain, hybrid model development,and the application to earthquake disaster reduction.Due to the development of OEF based on the global "Collaboratory for the Study of Earthquake Predictability (CSEP)" plan, it provides a significant technical foundation for earthquake forecast modeling and a practical foundation for solving the actual problems in earthquake preparedness and disaster mitigation.Therefore, related research and technical ideas provide inspirational and referential significance for earthquake forecasting/prediction. 相似文献
7.
Earthquakes are a serious natural disaster faced by countries all over the world. Research on earthquake hazard mitigation are important parts of earthquake science and is a feature of China''s development of earthquake science. In recent years, the Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST) of the People''s Republic of China, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) and the China Earthquake Administration (CEA) have attached great importance to basic research on earthquake hazard mitigation, and new opportunities and challenges have emerged. This paper collects the applications and approvals of the National Key R&D Program and the NSFC projects undertaken by the research institutes of the CEA system in recent years. The CEA system has received funding in the 13th “Five-year Plan” for “Monitoring, Early Warning and Prevention of Major Natural Disaster”. The implementation of these projects is expected to provide support for the basic science and applied research of the CEA system. In the NSFC, the number of applications from the CEA system is relatively stable, and the funding rate is slightly higher than the average for the department of earth science. Although no detailed statistical analysis has been performed, the CEA system still has room for improvement in the application of talent and major programs. I hope that the brief review of new opportunities that have arose in recent years described in this article can provide some background and new thinking for future challenges. 相似文献
8.
This paper systematically presents the state-of-the-art of preparedness and reduction of earthquake disasters in China. It contains abundant information on the goal, policy, working links, administrative organizations, and main scientific and technological approaches for earthquake disaster reduction in this country. The focus is placed on "taking science and technology as the foundation" and "management based on legal system." 相似文献
9.
1With the development of science and technology, the digital seismograph system has been adopted in large quantities for earthquake observation in China in recent years, which will replace gradually the original analog seismograph system. This is a big leap in the earthquake observation. The digital seismograph system make it pos-sible for us to perform fast great earthquake reports, obtain more information from earthquake records, which comes from the Earth interior media and the source proce… 相似文献
10.
Hengxing LAN Jianbing PENG Yanbo ZHU Langping LI Baotian PAN Qiangbing HUANG Junhua LI Qiang ZHANG 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2022,(2)
The Yellow River Basin(YRB) is characterized by active geological and tectonic processes, rapid geomorphological evolution, and distinct climatic diversity. Correspondingly, major disasters in the YRB are characterized by varied types,extensive distributions, and sudden occurrences. In addition, major disasters in the YRB usually evolve into disaster chains that cause severe consequences. Therefore, major disasters in the YRB destroy ecologies and environments and influence geological and ecological safety in the basin. This paper systematically reviews research on geological and surface processes, major disaster effects, and risk mitigation in the YRB, discusses the trends and challenges of relevant research, analyzes the key scientific problems that need to be solved, and suggests prospects for future research based on the earth system science concept. Themes of research that should be focused on include geological, surface and climatic processes in the YRB and their interlinking disaster gestation mechanisms;formation mechanisms and disaster chain evolutions of giant landslides in the upper reach of the YRB;mechanisms and disaster chain effects of loess water-soil disasters in the middle reach of the YRB;occurrence patterns and amplifying effects of giant flood chains in the lower reach of the YRB;and risk mitigations of major disasters in the YRB. Key scientific problems that need to be solved are as follows: how to reveal the geological, surface and climatic processes that are coupled and interlinked with gestation mechanisms of major disasters;how to clarify the mutual feedback effects between major disasters and ecology;and how to develop a human-environmental harmony-based integrated risk mitigation system for major disasters. Prospects for future studies that follow the earth system science concept include the following: highlighting interdisciplinary research to reveal the interlinked disaster gestation mechanisms of the geology, surface and climate in the YRB in the past, present, and future;forming theories to clarify the regional patterns, dynamic mechanisms, and mutual-feedback effects between disaster chains and ecology in the YRB on land and in rivers in the region;solving technological bottlenecks to develop assessment models and mitigation theories for integrated risks in the YRB by following the human-environment harmony concept;and finally, establishing a demonstratable application pattern characterized by "whole-basin coverage" and "zonal controls", thereby guaranteeing ecological and geological safety in the basin and providing scientific support for ecological conservation and high-quality development of the YRB. 相似文献
11.
Because typhoons are one of the most major natural disasters in the southeastern coastal areas of China,great attention has been paid to the prevention and mitigation of the disasters caused by typhoons.Over the past century,significant progress has been made in typhoon-related scientific research and operational work in China,including the construction of a network of typhoon monitoring stations,the establishment of forecasting operation systems,early warning and prevention of typhoon-related disasters,and the research of basic theories of typhoon behaviors and key forecasting technologies.This paper briefly reviews the milestones in the development history of typhoon research in China over the past century and a half in order to commemorate the predecessors,especially those who made historical contributions to the advancement of typhoon research since the economic and cultural reforms known as the"Opening of China",who provided historical references which enabled China to become an international leader in the field of typhoon science and technology. 相似文献
12.
I.Tumwikirize 《中国地震研究》1999,(1)
For earthquake-prone countries of the world, it is crucial to develop countermeasures and to share experiences in seismic hazard mitigation. The measures for seismic hazard mitigation are related to many factors, e.g., social, economic, and political. Research focused on modern science and technology paves the way for a better understanding of the earthquake phenomenon and helps to plan against its effects in seismically active areas.In this paper, we consider some of the events that occurred in earthquake-prone countries, both developing and developed, which caused devastation to the society and economy. These are mainly major events that have affected a considerable portion of the gross domestic product of these economies.Measures to mitigate seismic hazard are stressed and suggested. In addition, experiences in seismic hazard mitigation in Uganda and the rest of the world are discussed in general terms. Attention is given to geotectonic settings as well as the work of seismic hazard and disaster mana 相似文献
13.
Based on basic data used in compiling the Zonation Map of Earthquake Ground Motion Parameters in China, recent research on seismic safety assessment for engineering sites in central-southern Hunan Province, the new attenuation relationships of moderate earthquakes and the background seismicity data obtained by modern instrumental earthquake records since 1970, a new result of seismic zonation of central-southern Hunan Province is provided. The result shows that the area with PGA=0.05g has obviously increased in the new map compared with the previous one and is relatively consistent with the seismic disaster characteristics of moderate earthquakes that took place in the central-southern part of Hunan in recent years. This result will benefit the research and compilation of a new-generation seismic zonation map of earthquake ground motion parameters and the seismic hazard assessment in the moderate earthquake active regions in the central and eastern part of China. 相似文献
14.
《中国地震研究》1999,(3)
The "IUGG/CSB International Training Course on Continental Earthquakes and Seismic Hazard" was held in Beijing, China, on October 4 to 14, 1998. It was hosted by the China Seismological Bureau (CSB), the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG), and the International Association of Seismology and Physics of the Earth's Interior (IASPEI). The local organizer was the Institute of Geophysics, China Seismological Bureau. Earthquakes, especially continental earthquakes, are one of the greatest threats to the sustainable development of the economy and society all over the world. The needs of society for the mitigation of seismic hazards are critically growing in recent years due to economic development, urbanization, and population growth. The monitoring and study of earthquakes are the most important aspects in the mitigation of 相似文献
15.
Bartolome C. Bautista 《中国地震研究》2002,16(3):236-242
It has taken more than a hundred years for seismic observations in the Philippines to evolve to a modern observation system.The responsibility of seismic observations was likewise transfeered from one agency to another during this same period of time.At present,the mandate of conducting seismic observatins in the Philippines rests with the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology(PHIVOLCS),In 2000,through a grant aid from the Japan International Cooperation Agency(JICA),the Philippine Seismic netowrk was upgraded to a digital system.As a result,a new set of seismic monitoring equipments was installed in all of the 34 PHIVOLCS seismic stations all over the country,Digital waveforms are now available for high level seismic data processing.and data acquisition and processing are now automated.Included in the upgrade is the provision of strong motion accelerographs in all stations whose data can now be used for studying ground motion and intensity attenuation relations,The new setup is now producing high-resolution data that can now be used for conducting basic seismological researches,Earthquake locations have now improved allowing for the modeling and delineation of earthquake source regions necessary for earthquake hazard studies.Current seismic hazard studies in the Philippines involve the estimation of ground motion using both probabilitstic and deterministic approaches,seismic microzonation studies of key cities using microtremor observations,paleoseismology and active faults mapping ,and identification of liquefaction-prone,landslide-prone nd tsunami-affected areas.The earthquake database is now being reviewed and completed with the addition of historical events and from data from regional databases,While studies of seismic hazards were primarily concentrated on a regional level ,PHIVOLCS is now focusing on doing these seismic hazard studies on a micriolevel.For Metro Manila,first generation hazard maps showing ground rupture,ground shaking and liquefaction hazards have recently been completed.Other large cities that are also at risk from large earthquakes are the next targets.The elements at risk such as population,lifelines,and vertical and horizontal structures for each of these urban centers are also being incorporated in the hazard maps for immediate use of planners,civil defense officials,policy-makers and engineers.The maps can also now be used to describe possible scenarios during times of strong events and how appropriate socio-economic and engineering responses could be designed.In addition,a rapid earthquake damage assessment system has been started which will attempt to produce immediate or rapid assessments identification of elements at risk durin times of strong earthquakes 相似文献
16.
The Characteristics of Earthquake Disasters and Countermeasures for Their Mitigation in Metropolitans 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Gao Mengtan 《中国地震研究》2003,17(4):297-304
Metropolitans are a result of fast economic development in China. Many metropolitans have emerged in the eastern part of China. Earthquake disasters in metropolitans are more complicated and serious than those in a smaller city, and the impact of earthquake disaster on the economy and society is large. The characteristics of earthquake disasters and countermeasures to protect against and mitigate disaster in the metropolitan, as well as some key research fields in the earthquake disaster protection and mitigation, are discussed. 相似文献
17.
Indonesia is situated at the juncture of three major tectonic plates:the Eurasian,the Pacific and the Indo-Australian Plates,As a result,many parts of the country are classified as being at a high risk of earthquake and tsunami disasters.In Indonesia,the Bureau of Meteorology and Geophysics(BMG)is the agency responsible for the monitoring of tectonic earthquakes and tsunamis induced by them.For this purpose,BMG operates seismic networks throughout Indonsia.In order to serve better,BMG will have to improve its monitoring system.Many agencies and universities in Indonesia have done research in the field of seismology,including seismotectonics,earthquake hazards,and so on.Joint research has been done with agencies/universities from abroad.Considering the fact that some earthquake prone areas in Indonesia suffer from frequent disasters,a study on earthquake prediction in some areas of interest would contribute to achieving some long-term goals of the Bureau. 相似文献
18.
Zhang Ping Zhao Guoze Tang Ji Liu Feng Sun Weihuai Han Bing Wang Lifeng Zhang Li 《中国地震研究》2018,32(2):254-264
This paper summarizes the layout of the Yunnan seismic ELF electromagnetic observation network, site selection, ELF electromagnetic instrument system, data processing and other construction. The principle and method of using the ELF electromagnetic wave technique to monitor and predict earthquakes are expounded. The long term monitoring of ELF electromagnetic fields is carried out in the Yunnan earthquake prone area, and at the same time, the changes in electrical parameters and spatial electromagnetic fields of the regional crustal medium structure are monitored. The functions such as automatic, quasi real time, remote monitoring, network monitoring, data processing specialization, data service, data sharing and industrialization of the ELF electromagnetic observation data have been realized. In order to capture the deep electromagnetic precursory information of the earthquakes, service for earthquake prediction research, which has broad application prospects and development potential. Through the research of the seismicity of Yunnan in the trial run period of the project, the preliminary results of the extreme low frequency electromagnetic observation of the Yunnan earthquake in recent years are given. The electromagnetic precursors and the electromagnetic effects of the Yangbi earthquake are recorded. In the 3-month period before the earthquake, the power spectrum of the electric and magnetic fields, the apparent resistivity and the impedance phase in the observed signals are all abnormal, and gradually increased with time. The maximum value is reached 20 days before the earthquake, and an earthquake occurs when the change is restored to normal. 相似文献
19.
The historical earthquake data is one of the important foundations for seismic monitoring, earthquake fore-cast and seismic safety evaluation. However, the recognition of earthquake is limited by the scientific and techno-logical level. Therefore, the earthquake can only be described using perfect earthquake catalogue after the seismo-graph is invented. Before this time, the earthquake parameters were determined according to the earthquake disas-ter on the surface and the written records in hi… 相似文献
20.
Research on global change scientific satellites 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
GUO HuaDong FU WenXue LI XinWu CHEN Pei LIU Guang LI Zhen WANG Cheng DONG Qing LEI LiPing BAI LinYan LIU QingJie 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2014,57(2):204-215
Global change now poses a severe threat to the survival and development of mankind.Large-scale,real-time,highly accurate Earth observation from space has become a key technology used to observe global change.China is one of the most influential countries affecting and being affected by global change,yet it has no scientific satellite for global change research so far.Developing global change scientific satellites not only would meet an important demand of China,but also would be a valuable contribution to the world.By analyzing the mechanisms of space-based observation of variables sensitive to global change,this paper explores the concept of global change scientific satellites,and proposes a series of global change scientific satellites to establish a scientific observation system for global environmental change monitoring from space. 相似文献