共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
在过去的数十年里，美国地震区划图随着建筑抗震设计需求而不断发展变化，从最初的一张图发展成现今抗震设计图和地震危险性图两图共生的形式。地震危险性图主要反映依据地震科学认识与基础观测资料评估得到的国土地震危险性分布，抗震设计图则继承了传统地震区划图的主要功能，反映国土范围内建筑抗震设计所需地震动设计参数的分布，服务于建筑设计。依据抗震设计需求，美国地震区划图的演化过程可划分为地震系数分区区划、设计地震地震动区划和最大考虑地震地震动区划3个阶段，各阶段均始于地震危险性图的改进，并以抗震设计理念与方法的更新换代以及与之相适应的抗震设计图的编制为标志。本文总结了美国地震区划图的演化历程，对地震危险性图与抗震设计图发生变革的技术原因、主要特征、应用意义及其影响进行了重点的分析与论述。 相似文献
2.
国家重点研发计划项目《海域地震区划关键技术研究》已实施3年，进入项目结题阶段，已形成海域地震区划方法与技术体系，研究成果为即将开展的中国海域地震区划图编制工作提供技术支撑。项目组分析和探讨了海域地震区划研究基础与存在的问题，结合所关注的关键科学和技术问题，介绍和分析了主要研究成果和进展，包括海域断裂活动性探测和地震构造、中国海域与邻区地震目录及地震活动特征、海域地震动特性及衰减模型、海域场地条件及对地震动的影响、海域地震区划图编制方法与技术等；编制了一系列相关图件、数据库和计算软件，包括中国东部和南部海域活动构造框架图、3个典型海域（位于黄海、台湾海峡、南海内）地震构造图、中国海域及邻区统一地震目录、中国海域潜在震源区划分图与考虑不确定性的对比方案及考虑三维潜源模型的地震危险性分析软件；建立了中国海域及邻区俯冲带地震构造模型、基于地震动观测记录和地震模拟数据的南海俯冲带板内地震动衰减关系、利用强震动加速度记录结合宽频带速度记录的俯冲带板缘与板内地震的地震动长周期反应谱衰减关系，提出了以场地覆盖土层厚度及土层等效剪切波速为指标的大陆架场地分类方法及相应的场地地震动参数调整方案；最后形成了海域地震区划图编制原则、技术要求和技术方法体系，完成了海域地震区划图编制规程（初稿）的编制工作，基本完成了3个典型海域地震区划图的编制工作。 相似文献
3.
Summary of Global Earthquake Disasters in 2018 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
According to global seismic hazards data in 2018, the paper summarizes major hazards data of the global earthquakes, describes the major seismic hazards, and analyzes the characteristics of disasters losses of hazard earthquakes in this year. Focusing on the disaster and the cause of the September 28, 2018, Indonesia earthquake, and listing the major earthquakes triggered the tsunami disasters in history. Finally, giving suggestions and measures to deal with the earthquake disasters effectively. 相似文献
4.
Cheng Kuei-Hsiang 《中国地震研究》2001,15(3):311-320
INTRODUCTIONSeveMmethdsdPOtential analyslsfor medium－and short－termpredlctlon dl’l;lln shocks weredevelopedbaseduponthe pnnclpledInaccufatemeasurementoffOCfOCustheoryaMthepattemdmainshocks．These analytic methods can be used to predict strong earthop拙es In shallow layers on thesubducting plate boundeq In squeezed zones．More than a half of strong earthquakes In the world。located inthe shallow depth tthe suMuctingplate boundw In s仰eezed zones．This paPerfirst Statesthe philoso… 相似文献
5.
新版地震区划图地震活动性模型与参数确定 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
地震活动性模型和地震动预测模型是概率地震危险性分析的两个核心。在新版地震区划图中,依据板内地震活动空间不均匀性分布的特点,在概率地震危险性分析方法(CPSHA)中采用了由地震统计区、背景潜在震源区和构造潜在震源区构成的三级层次性潜在震源区模型,并构建了相应的地震活动性模型。本文在论述CPSHA方法及其地震活动性模型基本概念的基础上,重点介绍了新版地震区划图地震活动性模型的三级潜在震源区模型的构成、地震活动性假定和基本特点,同时,也对新版地震区划图地震活动性模型的重要参数确定思路、方法与结果进行了介绍。本文将为更好地认识与理解我国新版地震动参数区划图提供有益的参考。 相似文献
6.
关于在基础设施抗震规范中规定最低设防要求的一点建议 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
作者针对目前我国基础设施抗震设计时遇到的问题,给出了以下建议:①根据地震作用水平,对结构不同部位、不同构件制定不同的设计目标,明确设计构件所用的强度、延性参数指标;②我国地震动区划图提供的地震动参数仅仅是中震水平(地震重现期475年),实际发生的地震可能远远超过中震水平,在基础设施设计时应对大震(罕遇地震)有所考虑,甚至应考虑超预期地震发生后的应对、应急措施;③提高最低设防水准,并非是提高一度设防,应通过确定最小地震动参数满足最低设防要求,并在地震动区划图中以地震重现期代表地震危险程度;④对于Ⅵ度以下设防地区的基础设施结构物,都应按照Ⅵ度设防标准设计并考虑采取相应的抗震措施. 相似文献
7.
A methodology is proposed to determine design earthquakes for site-specific studies such as the siting of critical structures (power plants, waste disposals, large dams, etc.), strategic structures (fire stations, military commands, hospitals, etc.), or for seismic microzoning studies, matching the results of probabilistic seismic hazard analyses. This goal is achieved by calculating the source contribution to hazard and the magnitude–distance deaggregation, showing that, varying the selected frequency and the level of hazard, the reference earthquakes are changed as a result. A procedure is then adopted to minimize the residuals between the uniform hazard spectrum (target motion) and the design earthquake spectrum, to provide a specific earthquake scenario encompassing all the frequencies of the target motion. Finally, some considerations on the use and the influence exerted by ground motion uncertainty (σ) on hazard deaggregation are outlined. 相似文献
8.
Kevin McCue 《Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering》2014,12(1):111-125
Through his students, Professor Nick Ambraseys has had a strong impact on the introduction of earthquake engineering practices in Australia, including historical earthquake studies, strong motion instrumentation and analysis, foundation studies including liquefaction, and building code formulation. In Australia the process of upgrading the third and current edition of the earthquake code and hazard map has begun. There are now about 150 digital strong motion recorders installed in cities, on major structures and at Australian National Seismograph Network sites. Three volumes of an isoseismal atlas have been published totalling more than 300 maps, mainly historical earthquakes. Significant progress has been made in paleoseismological studies across the continent, adding to the complexity of the intraplate seismicity model. With time and more installed accelerographs, the peak ground acceleration recorded in Australia has increased from .25 g in 1984 to .5 g in 1988 and 1 g in 1994, all from earthquakes smaller than magnitude 5, supporting Ambraseys contention that PGA alone is not a suitable parameter for a design ground motion. 相似文献
9.
Based on basic data used in compiling the Zonation Map of Earthquake Ground Motion Parameters in China, recent research on seismic safety assessment for engineering sites in central-southern Hunan Province, the new attenuation relationships of moderate earthquakes and the background seismicity data obtained by modern instrumental earthquake records since 1970, a new result of seismic zonation of central-southern Hunan Province is provided. The result shows that the area with PGA=0.05g has obviously increased in the new map compared with the previous one and is relatively consistent with the seismic disaster characteristics of moderate earthquakes that took place in the central-southern part of Hunan in recent years. This result will benefit the research and compilation of a new-generation seismic zonation map of earthquake ground motion parameters and the seismic hazard assessment in the moderate earthquake active regions in the central and eastern part of China. 相似文献
10.
—?The mapping of the seismic ground motion in Bucharest, due to the strong Vrancea earthquakes, is carried out using a complex hybrid waveform modeling method that allows easy parametric tests. Starting from the actually available strong motion database, we can make realistic predictions for the possible ground motion. The basic information necessary for the modeling consists of: (a) The representative mechanisms for the strong subcrustal events, (b) the average regional structural model, and (c) the local structure for Bucharest. Two scenario earthquakes are considered and the source influence on the local response is analyzed in order to define generally valid ground motion parameters, to be used in the seismic hazard estimations. The source has its own (detectable) contribution on the ground motion and its effects on the local response in Bucharest are quite stable on the transversal component (T), while the radial (R) and vertical (V) components are sensitive to the scenario earthquake. Although the strongest local effects affect the T component, both observed and synthetic, a complete determination of the seismic input for the built environment requires the knowledge of all three components of motion (R, V, T). The damage observed in Bucharest for the March 4, 1977 Vrancea event, the strongest earthquake to strike the city in modern times, is in agreement with the synthetic signals and local response. 相似文献
11.
现行的地震危险性分析方法是经过潜在震源区划分、地震活动性参数和衰减关系的确定,以及基岩地震动参数的计算而作为基础资料的历史强震目录,同时也是通过历史地震记载的分析得到的。然而,在其每一个环节都存在不确定性,而现有的不确定校正很难达到满意的程度。本文设想仅仅利用历史地震的史料记载,依据最大似然法,计算场地的各不同年份不同超越概率的地震危险性。以怀来、河间、唐山、承德、宁晋、石家庄为例,并仅仅以这些场地的历史记载为依据,不考虑推测的影响烈度,计算这些场地的危险性分析结果,并与中国地震烈度区划图（1990）的结果进行比较,由此来说明本方法具有一定的可利用性。 相似文献
12.
—A regional dial-up PT telemetric network of eight digital short-period seismic stations has been in full operation since the beginning of 1995 in Greece. During the first year of full operation, three destructive earthquake sequences struck different regions of central and northern Greece. The dial-up network managed to successfully record more than 85% of these seismic events including foreshocks, main shocks and aftershocks, and 45 of these events were selected in order to determine their seismic source parameters by spectral analysis. The results show that seismic moment correlates very well with earthquake magnitude, fault radius and fault displacement. The determined scaling relations are in general agreement with those obtained by other studies for Greek earthquakes that used different methodologies. Since digital seismic instrumentation is now expanding in Greece, these first results from spectral analysis of digital short-period data can be considered useful for future seismic hazard studies. 相似文献
13.
通过对陇东黄土高原区地质构造环境、历史地震影响与破坏特征、概率地震危险性计算等几方面的研究,对该区地震动参数特征进行了分析,研究了该区黄土场地及地形地貌对地震动参数的放大效应与分区特征.研究表明,陇东黄土高原地区的地震影响主要来自中远距离的大震,地震动持续时间长,长周期部分相对丰富,黄土场地及地形对地震动具有明显的放大效应,地震动参数具有明显的地貌分区特性.最后对比地震动参数区划图给出了陇东黄土高原地区建筑抗震设防参数的一些建议,认为在抗震设防参数取值中适当提高特征周期,对峰值加速度则按地貌分区取值. 相似文献
14.
Earthquake hazard in Marmara Region, Turkey 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
M. Erdik M. Demircioglu K. Sesetyan E. Durukal B. Siyahi 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2004,24(8):605-631
Earthquake hazard in the Marmara Region, Turkey has been investigated using time-independent probabilistic (simple Poissonian) and time-dependent probabilistic (renewal) models. The study culminated in hazard maps of the Marmara Region depicting peak ground acceleration (PGA) and spectral accelerations (SA)'s at 0.2 and 1 s periods corresponding to 10 and 2% probabilities of exceedance in 50 yrs. The historical seismicity, the tectonic models and the known slip rates along the faults constitute the main data used in the assignment. Based on recent findings it has been possible to provide a fault segmentation model for the Marmara Sea. For the main Marmara Fault this model essentially identifies fault segments for different structural, tectonic and geometrical features and historical earthquake occurrences. The damage distribution and pattern of the historical earthquakes have been carefully correlated with this fault segmentation model. The inter-event time period between characteristic earthquakes in these segments is consistently estimated by dividing the seismic slip estimated from the earthquake catalog by the GPS-derived slip rate of 22±3 mm/yr. The remaining segments in the eastern and southern Marmara region are also identified using recent geological, geophysical studies and historical earthquakes. The model assumes that seismic energy along the segments is released by characteristic earthquakes. For the probabilistic studies characteristic earthquake based recurrence relationships are used. Assuming normal distribution of inter-arrival times of characteristic earthquakes, the ‘mean recurrence time’, ‘covariance’ and the ‘time since last earthquake’ are developed for each segment. For the renewal model, the conditional probability for each fault segment is calculated from the mean recurrence interval of the characteristic earthquake, the elapsed time since the last major earthquake and the exposure period. The probabilities are conditional since they change as a function of the time elapsed since the last earthquake. For the background earthquake activity, a spatially smoothed seismicity is determined for each cell of a grid composed of cells of size 0.005°×0.005°. The ground motions are determined for soft rock (NEHRP B/C boundary) conditions. Western US-based attenuation relationships are utilized, since they show a good correlation with the attenuation characteristics of ground motion in the Marmara region. The possibility, that an event ruptures several fault segments (i.e. cascading), is also taken into account and investigated by two possible models of cascading. Differences between Poissonian and renewal models, and also the effect of cascading have been discussed with the help of PGA ratio maps. 相似文献
15.
南北地震带南段大震活动频繁。已有的研究结果表明，大震近场范围场点的地震危险性与地震破裂面产状及其尺度密切相关。因此，在南北地震带南段需要考虑潜在震源三维特征进行地震危险性分析和地震区划研究。本文在充分搜集大震发震构造资料的基础上，在南北地震带南段构建了考虑震源尺度和产状的潜在震源模型，改进了地震危险性概率分析方法，进而对该地区进行地震区划研究。结果表明，考虑潜在震源三维特征的地震危险性分析结果可以有效地反映南北地震带南段发震构造的产状和尺寸特征，提高地震区划结果的合理性。 相似文献
16.
Ruifang Yu Yisheng Song Xiangyun Guo Qianli Yang Xinjuan He Yanxiang Yu 《地震科学（英文版）》2022,35(5):314-328
Seismic hazard analyses are mainly performed using either deterministic or probabilistic methods. However, there are still some defects in these statistical model-based approaches for regional seismic risk assessment affected by the near-field of large earthquakes. Therefore, we established a deterministic seismic hazard analysis method that can characterize the entire process of ground motion propagation based on stochastic finite-fault simulation, and we chose the site of the Xiluodu dam to demonstrate the method. This method can characterize earthquake source properties more realistically than other methods and consider factors such as the path and site attenuation of seismic waves. It also has high computational efficiency and is convenient for engineering applications. We first analyzed the complexity of seismogenic structures in the Xiluodu dam site area, and then an evaluation system for ground motion parameters that considers various uncertainties is constructed based on a stochastic finite-fault simulation. Finally, we assessed the seismic hazard of the dam site area comprehensively. The proposed method was able to take into account the complexity of the seismogenic structures affecting the dam site and provide multi-level parameter evaluation results corresponding to different risk levels. These results can be used to construct a dam safety assessment system of an earthquake in advance that provides technical support for rapidly and accurately assessing the post-earthquake damage state of a dam, thus determining the influence of an earthquake on dam safety and mitigating the risk of potential secondary disasters. 相似文献
17.
Robin K. McGuire 《地震工程与结构动力学》1977,5(3):211-234
The calculation of design spectra for building sites threatened by seismic ground motion is approached by considering the maximum responses of linearly elastic oscillators as indicators of ground motion intensity. Attenuation functions describing the distribution of response as a function of earthquake magnitude and distance are derived using 68 components of recorded ground motion as data. With a seismic hazard analysis for several hypothetical building sites, the distributions of maximum oscillator responses to earthquakes of random magnitude and location are calculated, and spectra are drawn to indicate the maximum responses associated with specified probability levels. These spectra are compared to design spectra calculated from published methods of amplifying peak ground motion parameters. The latter spectra are found to be inconsistent in terms of risk for building sites very close and very far from faults. A ground motion parameter defined to be proportional to the maximum response of a 1 Hz, 2 per cent damped linearly elastic oscillator is investigated; this parameter, in conjunction with peak ground acceleration, is found to lead to risk-consistent design spectra. Through these two parameters, a design earthquake magnitude and design hypocentral distance are defined, for a specified building site and risk level. The use of these parameters in the seismic hazard mapping of a region is illustrated. 相似文献
18.
O. V. Pavlenko 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2013,170(4):571-595
To estimate the parameters of ground motion in future strong earthquakes, characteristics of radiation and propagation of seismic waves in the Kamchatka region were studied. Regional parameters of radiation and propagation of seismic waves were estimated by comparing simulations of earthquake records with data recorded by stations of the Kamchatka Strong Motion Network. Acceleration time histories of strong earthquakes (M w = 6.8–7.5, depths 45–55 km) that occurred near the eastern coast of Kamchatka in 1992–1993 were simulated at rock and soil stations located at epicentral distances of 67–195 km. In these calculations, the source spectra and the estimates of frequency-dependent attenuation and geometrical spreading obtained earlier for Kamchatka were used. The local seismic-wave amplification was estimated based on shallow geophysical site investigations and deep crustal seismic explorations, and parameters defining the shapes of the waveforms, the duration, etc. were selected, showing the best-fit to the observations. The estimated parameters of radiation and propagation of seismic waves describe all the studied earthquakes well. Based on the waveforms of the acceleration time histories, models of slip distribution over the fault planes were constructed for the studied earthquakes. Station PET can be considered as a reference rock station having the minimum site effects. The intensity of ground motion at the other studied stations was higher than at PET due to the soil response or other effects, primarily topographic ones. At soil stations INS, AER, and DCH the parameters of soil profiles (homogeneous pyroclastic deposits) were estimated, and nonlinear models of their behavior in the strong motion were constructed. The obtained parameters of radiation and propagation of seismic waves and models of soil behavior can be used for forecasting ground motion in future strong earthquakes in Kamchatka. 相似文献
19.
Neo-Deterministic Seismic Hazard and Pattern Recognition Techniques: Time-Dependent Scenarios for North-Eastern Italy 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A. Peresan E. Zuccolo F. Vaccari A. Gorshkov G. F. Panza 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》2011,168(3-4):583-607
An integrated neo-deterministic approach to seismic hazard assessment has been developed that combines different pattern recognition techniques, designed for the space?Ctime identification of impending strong earthquakes, with algorithms for the realistic modeling of seismic ground motion. The integrated approach allows for a time-dependent definition of the seismic input, through the routine updating of earthquake predictions. The scenarios of expected ground motion, associated with the alarmed areas, are defined by means of full waveform modeling. A set of neo-deterministic scenarios of ground motion is defined at regional and local scales, thus providing a prioritization tool for timely preparedness and mitigation actions. Constraints about the space and time of occurrence of the impending strong earthquakes are provided by three formally defined and globally tested algorithms, which have been developed according to a pattern recognition scheme. Two algorithms, namely CN and M8, are routinely used for intermediate-term middle-range earthquake predictions, while a third algorithm allows for the identification of the areas prone to large events. These independent procedures have been combined to better constrain the alarmed area. The pattern recognition of earthquake-prone areas does not belong to the family of earthquake prediction algorithms since it does not provide any information about the time of occurrence of the expected earthquakes. Nevertheless, it can be considered as the termless zero-approximation, which restrains the alerted areas (e.g. defined by CN or M8) to the more precise potential location of large events. Italy is the only region of moderate seismic activity where the two different prediction algorithms, CN and M8S (i.e. a spatially stabilized variant of M8), are applied simultaneously and a real-time test of predictions, for earthquakes with magnitude larger than a given threshold (namely 5.4 and 5.6 for CN algorithm, and 5.5 for M8S algorithm) has been ongoing since 2003. The application of the CN to the Adriatic region, which is relevant for seismic hazard assessment in the northeastern part of the Italian territory, is also discussed. Examples of neo-deterministic scenarios are provided, at regional and local scale and for the cities of Trieste and Nimis (Friuli Venezia Giulia region), where the knowledge of the local geological conditions permitted a detailed evaluation of the expected ground motion. 相似文献
20.
为新区划图编制所建立的地震动衰减关系 总被引：22，自引：6，他引：16
介绍了建立新一代地震区划图所采用的地震动参数衰减关系的总体思路,并从资料、衰减关系分区、衰减关系模型、回归方法、转换等方面说明了地震动参数衰减关系的建立过程,给出了我国分区地震烈度和地震动参数衰减关系结果。新的地震动衰减关系的建立,具有如下特点:一是基于更加丰富可靠的强震记录和烈度资料;二是采用了具有大震近场饱和特征的地震动衰减模型;三是采用了使结果更加稳定的分步回归方法;四是在地震动衰减关系分区时考虑了地震活动性特征。与第四代地震区划图衰减关系相比,由于地震动衰减模型的变化和高震级强震记录的增加,高震级下的峰值加速度有所降低,而中强地震区的峰值加速度则在低震级时有所提高。 相似文献