共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
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土-地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验:试验方案设计 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
以南京地铁的建设背景为基础,对含有可液化土层的深厚软弱场地上双洞单轨的地铁区间隧道结构进行了大型振动台模型试验研究。根据本次试验的目的和特性,首先给出了模型体系相似比的设计基本原则,并对整个模型体系进行了相似设计,对模型土和模型结构的制备方法和模型材料的物理特性进行了室内试验研究,同时,根据对隧道地震反应分析的数值模拟结果,对传感器的选择及其布置方案进行了分析。最后,根据南京及其周边地区的地震环境,对台面输入地震动的选取及其加载方法进行了具体的阐述。试验结果表明本文对土-地铁区间隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台模型试验的设计方案是合理的,对相关试验结果的整理和分析见另文。 相似文献
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《地震工程与工程振动》2015,(3)
基于结构与地基土相似设计相匹配的原则,通过采用卓越周期相似关系来简化锯末混合模型土,进行小比例地下结构振动台模型试验研究。通过对不同配比的锯末混合土进行共振柱试验,在采用等效线性本构模型分析原型土和混合模型土的特性参数(Gmax和G/Gmax-γ)的基础上,进一步确定了混合模型土配合比。对采用本文方法设计的自由场地模型土进行了一致地震激励下的振动台试验。试验结果表明:简化设计模型土满足了小比例地下结构振动台试验主要相似关系,取得了良好的试验效果,为以后进行土-地下结构相互作用的振动台试验奠定了坚实的基础,并且可以为类似试验提供借鉴。 相似文献
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地铁车站结构大型振动台试验与数值模拟的比较研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
根据可液化土层上土-地铁车站结构动力相互作用大型振动台模型试验结果,以软件ABAQUS为平台,将地基土-地铁车站结构体系视为平面应变问题,采用记忆型嵌套面黏塑性动力本构模型模拟土体的动力特性,采用混凝土动塑性损伤模型模拟车站结构混凝土的动力特性,建立了土-地铁车站结构非线性动力相互作用的有限元分析模型,对各种试验工况下地基土-地铁车站结构体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比,结果表明:数值模拟与振动台模型试验结果基本一致,体现出了相似的规律性,相互印证了计算分析的力学建模和振动台试验结果的正确性。 相似文献
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振动台试验模型地基土的设计与试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本文在动力相似关系的分析基础之上,设计了一种以锯末为主要成分,用于地基-基础-上部结构动力相互作用振动台试验的模型土。用循环单剪仪对原型土和设计的模型土分别进行了试验,得出了2者的动剪切模量比Gd/Gdm ax和阻尼比λ随动剪应变γd变化的关系曲线,对两种土的动力特性进行了相似对比。试验结果表明,设计的模型土与原型土的动力特性具有较好的相似性。采用等效线性本构模型,给出了原型土和模型土的动力特性参数。对采用本文所设计的模型土进行振动台试验的动力相似问题进行了初步讨论。 相似文献
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不同比例钢-混凝土混合结构高层建筑动力相似关系试验研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
模型试验的动力相似理论是结构抗震试验技术中的一个基础性研究课题。本文设计实现了1/10、1/20和1/30三个不同比例的钢-混凝土混合结构高层建筑的振动台模型试验。通过对三个模型试验结果的对比研究,对钢-混凝土混合结构高层建筑的动力相似关系进行了初步探讨。试验结果表明,按照本文的动力模型的设计施工及试验要求进行的不同比例钢-混凝土混合结构高层建筑的振动台试验,在自振频率、振型、加速度放大系数、楼层最大位移、楼层剪力等动力特性和动力反应方面具有较好的相似性。试验结果一方面说明对这三个模型采用的动力相似关系和制作方法是合理的,另一方面也说明了对钢-混凝土混合结构房屋采用较小的1/30比例进行振动台试验是可行的。 相似文献
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土石坝振动台模型试验是认识坝体地震破坏过程和检验抗震措施效果的重要手段之一。针对2种坝体材料,利用小型振动台,开展了一系列不同加载工况、不同加筋方式的土石坝小型振动台模型试验。试验结果表明：①2种坝体材料的初始破坏都首先从坝顶开始,表明坝顶是抗震的关键部位,与已有研究成果基本一致;②相同加载条件下,级配较差的碎石料模型坝的抗震性能优于砂砾石料,表明相对于级配,堆石料自身的性质对土石坝抗震性能的影响更大;③由细铁丝网和纱布组成并在坝坡采取包裹处理的复合加筋的抗震措施,抗震效果优于平铺纱布、平铺纱布且在坝坡包裹处理、平铺细铁丝网等的抗震措施。研究成果可供进一步开展土石坝大型振动台模型试验的材料选择、抗震措施设计等参考。 相似文献
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根据软弱场地土上地铁车站结构大型振动台模型试验结果,以软件ABAQU S为平台,采用记忆型嵌套面黏塑性动力本构模型和动塑性损伤模型,分别模拟土体和车站结构混凝土的动力特性,建立了土-地铁车站结构非线性动力相互作用二维和三维有限元分析模型,对各种试验工况下地基土-地铁车站结构体系的地震反应进行了数值模拟,并与试验结果进行了对比。结果表明：二维、三维数值模拟与振动台模型试验结果基本一致,三维模型可更好地模拟软弱场地与地铁车站结构的动力相互作用及模型结构的动力反应。数值模拟结果和振动台试验结果可相互验证其可靠性。 相似文献
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基于考虑土-结构相互作用(SSI)效应的隔震结构体系振动台模型试验,以ABAQUS软件为计算平台,考虑土体的非线件特性,建立了将土体一桩基-隔震结构视为共同工作整体的三维有限元模型,对各种试验工况下的地震反应进行了数值模拟计算,并与试验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明:数值模拟和振动台模型试验结果基本一致,两者得到的SSI效应对隔震结构地震反应的影响体现出相似的规律性,印证了数值模型的正确性. 相似文献
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自由场地基液化大型振动台模型试验研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
目前，大型振动台模型试验是研究液化场地的地基动力特性及土-结动力相互作用的一种有效手段。以1976年唐山地震中倒塌的胜利桥的地基为原型，开展1：lO模型的自由场地基液化的大型振动台模型试验研究，再现了自然地震触发地基砂土液化的各种主要宏观震害现象，尤其是模型地基的试验破坏与其原型的实际震害情况比较吻合。主要介绍有关此次大型振动台模型试验的相似设计、操作技术及试验结果等方面的若干关键科学问题。 相似文献
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Large-scale shaking table model tests on seismically induced failure of Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dams
An increasing number of high Concrete-Faced Rockfill Dams (CFRDs) have been and are being built in highly seismic hazardous regions. Because there are few examples, the failure mechanisms for each damaged CFRD still remain unclear, which prevents a rational evaluation of aseismic performance of a CFRD. In this paper, a series of large-scale shaking table tests are conducted to determine the dynamic failure modes of CFRDs, especially the failure mechanism of the face slab. A type of model slab material is developed according to similitude rules. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) is used and improved to track the motion of each grain and subsequently measure the entire velocity field of the deforming cross-sections of dam models. The failure processes of the dams, the failure mechanisms of the slab fractures and the slab dislocations are discussed based on the experimental results. The experiments indicate that large deformations of the uppermost part of the dam caused the face slab to curve upward and crack. Another important fracture morphology of the face slab is the dislocation of its joint. The change in the granular fabric caused the granular slope to slide down and thrust outward, eventually dragging the upper half of the face slab down against its lower half; this motion is accompanied by the formation of a joint dislocation. Therefore, the stability and anti-deformation ability of both the downstream slope and the crest region of the upstream slope should be improved to withstand earthquake. The results of the shaking table model tests are consistent with the numerical simulation, and both results support the prototype dam׳s seismically induced failure characteristics. 相似文献
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土石坝振动台模型试验颗粒流数值模拟分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
目前一般采用振动台试验、离心振动台试验和有限元动力分析来获得土石坝在设计地震荷载作用下的形态和抗震性能。本文结合孔宪京等的土石坝振动台试验结果开展了颗粒流细观数值模拟研究,克服了传统连续介质力学的宏观连续性假设,形象而直观地表现出坝体在动力荷载作用下的破坏特征。数值模拟规律与振动台试验规律基本一致。同时还分析了坝体颗粒粘结强度和地震峰值加速度变化对坝体破坏特征的影响。数值结果表明,当颗粒间粘结强度较低时,表现为坝体表面颗粒的滑动破坏,粘结强度稍大时,会出现局部的小块颗粒团整体滑动破坏;随着峰值加速度的增大,坝顶沉降量在增大,坝体破坏特征不变。 相似文献
13.
Dynamic response of dams is significantly influenced by foundation stiffness and dam-foundation interaction. This in turn,
significantly effects the generation of hydrodynamic pressures on upstream face of a concrete dam due to inertia of reservoir
water. This paper aims at investigating the dynamic response of dams on soil foundation using dynamic centrifuge modelling
technique. From a series of centrifuge tests performed on model dams with varying stiffness and foundation conditions, significant
co-relation was observed between the dynamic response of dams and the hydrodynamic pressures developed on their upstream faces.
The vertical bearing pressures exerted by the concrete dam during shaking were measured using miniature earth pressure cells.
These reveal the dynamic changes of earth pressures and changes in rocking behaviour of the concrete dam as the earthquake
loading progresses. Pore water pressures were measured below the dam and in the free-field below the reservoir. Analysis of
this data provides insights into the cyclic shear stresses and strains generated below concrete dams during earthquakes. In
addition, the sliding and rocking movement of the dam and its settlement into the soil below are discussed. 相似文献
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An experimental study of non-linear mechanisms that may occur during intense seismic response of arch dams is described in this paper. The presentation deals with three types of non-linearity that were observed during shaking table model studies: monolith joint opening, cantilever cracking, and reservoir cavitation at the dam face. The monolith joint opening phenomenon was represented by a segmental arch ring model that simulated a horizontal slice of a prototype dam. The cantilever cracking and reservoir cavitation mechanisms were studied using a model gravity dam section. The principal conclusion of the investigation was that shaking table experiments provide a practical means of studying the non-linear earthquake response of concrete arch dams, including their actual failure mechanisms. 相似文献
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Owing to the devastating M7.6 earthquake of 20 June 1990 that occurred in the northern province of Iran, Sefid‐rud concrete buttress dam located near the epicenter was severely shaken. The crack penetrated throughout the dam thickness near slope discontinuity, causing severe leakage, but with no general failure. In this study, nonlinear seismic response of the highest monolith with empty reservoir is investigated experimentally through model testing. A geometric‐scaled model of 1:30 was tested on a shaking table with high‐frequency capability to study dynamic cracking of the model and serve as data for nonlinear computer model calibration. Three construction joints are set up in the model to simulate effects of construction aspects. The experimental results are then compared with smeared crack and damage mechanics finite‐element simulations using nonlinear concrete constitutive models based on fracture mechanics. The crack patterns obtained from numerical models are in good agreement with those obtained from shaking table tests for the case of including construction joint effects and rigid foundation. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2012,32(12):1678-1689
Study on the failure process of high concrete dams subjected to strong earthquakes is crucial to reasonable evaluation of their seismic safety. Numerical simulation in this aspect involves dynamic failure analysis of big bulk concrete dam subjected to cyclic loading. The Rock Failure Process Analysis (RFPA) proposed by C.A. Tang, with successful applications to failure modeling of rock and concrete specimens mainly subjected to static loading, is extended for this purpose. For using the proposed model, no knowledge on the cracking route needs to be known beforehand, and no remeshing is required. Simulation of the whole process of elastic deformation, initiation and propagation of microcracks, severe damage and ultimate failure of concrete dams in earthquakes with a unified model is enabled. The model is verified through a shaking table test of an arch dam. Finally a practical gravity dam is employed as a numerical example. Considering the uncertainty in ground motion input and concrete material, typical failure process and failure modes of gravity dam are presented. Several small cracks may occur due to tension particularly at dam neck, dam faces and dam heel, and a few of them evolve into dominant ones. Relatively smaller earthquake may cause damage to the dam neck while a bigger one may bring on cracks at lower parts of the dams. Cracking at the dam bottom may incline to a direction almost perpendicular to the downstream face after propagating horizontally for a certain distance when the shaking is strong enough. 相似文献