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末次盛冰期以来江西大湖孢粉植被与环境演变 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
根据江西定南大湖深346 cm泥炭剖面, 16个14C年龄和76个孢粉样, 重建中国华南南岭山地末次盛冰期以来的植被与气候历史: 大约18330~15630 cal a BP, 景观是落叶阔叶林, 气候温凉偏湿; 15630~11600 cal a BP, 孢粉植被是有常绿阔叶树的落叶阔叶林, 气候温和湿润; 11600~6000 cal a BP, 孢粉植被演替为栲/石栎为建群种的常绿阔叶林, 气候温暖湿润; 而6000 cal a BP以来植被中森林面积减少, 气候温暖偏干, 蕨类植物和草本植物增加, 可能有人类活动的影响. 从孢粉序列中识别到的系列凉干事件, 大致可与北大西洋H1及全新世千年尺度事件对应, 说明低纬地区与高纬地区气候变化密切相关. 与中国高纬地区的季风气候事件对比, 大湖地区气候事件温度、湿度的变幅远低于中国北方内陆地区. 季风气候地域差异性较大. 相似文献
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成都平原红土堆积的磁性地层学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘要 本文对四川双流县胜利和黄甲两个红土剖面进行了系统的磁性地层学研究, 并且利用沉积学、地球化学及孢粉分析方法探讨了地层的沉积成因及形成环境. 磁性地层的研究结果显示出, 在两个剖面中, B/M界限均位于网纹红土的上部, 并且在剖面的中下部记录了松山负向期的贾拉米洛正向极性亚带, 说明成都平原网纹红土的母质形成于第四纪中期. 沉积学、地球化学特征的研究表明成都粘土、部分网纹红土的母质与川西黄土一样属于风尘沉积. 孢粉分析结果揭示出, 网纹红土母质形成的第四纪中期, 成都平原的植被为针叶林, 气候经历了温凉较湿-寒凉较湿-温和或温凉较湿的变化. 第四纪中期成都平原相对寒凉-温凉的气候特征是对全球气候变化的响应，而青藏高原在此时期的快速隆升以及冰冻圈范围的扩张可能是造成该区气温较低的直接原因. 相似文献
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成都平原红土堆积的磁性地层学及古环境记录 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对四川双流县胜利和黄甲2两个红土剖面进行了系统的磁性地层学研究,并且利用沉积学、地球化学及孢粉分析方法探讨了地层的沉积成因及形成环境.磁性地层的研究结果显示出,在2个剖面中,B/M界限均位于网纹红土的上部,并且在剖面的中下部记录了松山负向期的贾拉米洛正向极性亚带,说明成都平原网纹红土的母质形成于第四纪中期.沉积学、地球化学特征的研究表明成都黏土、部分网纹红土的母质与川西黄土一样属于风尘沉积.孢粉分析结果揭示出,网纹红土母质形成的第四纪中期,成都平原的植被为针叶林,气候经历了温凉较湿-寒凉较湿-温和或温凉较湿的变化.第四纪中期成都平原相对寒凉-温凉的气候特征是对全球气候变化的响应,而青藏高原在此时期的快速隆升以及冰冻圈范围的扩张可能是造成该区气温较低的直接原因. 相似文献
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甘肃静宁地区晚更新世晚期高分辨率的孢粉记录及其反映的气候变化 总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15
在AMS14C年代数据支持之下, 提供了甘肃静宁地区酸刺沟剖面高分辨率的花粉记录. 分析结果表明, 在44.2~11 kaBP期间, 静宁地区植被先后经过一系列的变化, 主要表现为森林和草原成分的相互消长, 44~29 kaBP期间(MIS3)气候以湿润为主, 发育针叶林, 温度低于现在; 23 kaBP之后, 气候冷干, 以稀疏草原为主, 在末次盛冰期植被甚至演化为荒漠草原. 北大西洋Heinrich事件发生时间和酸刺沟木本植物花粉含量显著降低的时间有很好的对应性, 尤其是在H3之后. 这说明Heinrich事件在孢粉记录中可以得到很好地反映. 相似文献
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植物孢子和花粉是理想的恢复环境变化的有机指标,对于第四纪地层划分和区域古气候的对比具有重要意义。本文在川西冕宁泸沽镇附近选取安宁河Ⅰ～Ⅲ级阶地剖面进行年代学测量和孢粉采样分析。结果表明:安宁河Ⅰ级阶形成时期为全新世,气候温和较湿或轻湿;Ⅱ级阶地沉积时期在晚更新世晚期或全新世早期,温度及湿度均比Ⅰ级阶地时低,在该时期无论植被和气候曾出现过两次以上比较明显的变化及波动;Ⅲ级阶地沉积时期为晚更新世中期,气候温和较湿或轻湿,堆积时期之温度及湿度均比Ⅱ级阶地时高,但又均比Ⅰ级阶地时低。同时探讨了安宁河阶地形成时期构造、气候的变化规律。根据河流的下切速率可以间接的推断晚更新世构造隆升速率大于晚更新世末期-全新世。 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学》2015,(8)
在辽西义县鹰窝山地区义县组砖城子层采样,通过对孢粉化石的处理、鉴定和分析,确认该孢粉化石组合为Cicatricosisporites-Protoconiferus组合(无突肋纹孢-原始松柏粉组合),组合当中以裸子植物花粉,尤其是松柏类双气囊花粉占绝对优势,蕨类植物孢子较少,有少量疑似被子植物花粉.孢粉组合时代为早白垩世凡兰吟晚期或欧特里夫期-巴列姆期.应用孢粉植被的概念,依据孢粉谱和孢粉类群的古生态特征,首次对辽西地区义县组砖城子层的植被类型、气候带类型、干湿度类型分别进行了定量划分,并得出演化趋势,结果显示,在辽西义县组砖城子层沉积时期,总体气候温暖湿润,植被类型多样,有针叶林、落叶阔叶林、常绿阔叶林、草丛、灌木等;局部气温变化趋势是从温暖向更温暖、气候从半湿润向湿润方向演化,植被类型始终以针叶林为主,落叶阔叶林、常绿阔叶林、草丛、灌木和一些旱生植物的共存说明可能有垂直分带现象,且气候变化有季节性.值得注意的是,从植被类型的垂直分带现象和气候温暖湿润来综合推断,辽西义县组沉积时期地貌反差可能很大. 相似文献
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吉兰泰盐湖沉积物孢粉记录的季风边缘区全新世气候演化 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
全新世气候具有不稳定性,且存在着区域差异,在季风边缘区尤为显著.因此,本研究选取季风边缘区吉兰泰盐湖沉积物的孢粉记录并结合AMS14C测年结果,对该地区全新世的古植被演化及古气候变化历史进行了重建.结果表明,在全新世阶段,该地区植被类型未发生变化,以干旱的荒漠植被为主.早全新世(10.5 8.5 cal ka BP),以蒿属孢粉为主,伴随出现少量藜科、禾本科及麻黄属孢粉,蒿藜比(A/C比值)相对稳定(4.11左右),指示全新世早期气候逐步转湿的过程,在8.5 cal ka BP,蒿属孢粉数量下降且被藜科孢粉取代,指示一次明显气候干旱事件;中全新世(8.5 3.5 cal ka BP),蒿属孢粉含量增加及藜科孢粉含量降低,A/C比值在7.1 cal ka BP左右达到峰值,指示该地区中全新世气候最为湿润;晚全新世(3.5 cal ka BP至今),藜科孢粉含量增加且超过早全新世,A/C比值低至3.66,区域呈现明显的干旱化趋势.此外,结合吉兰泰盐湖沉积物矿物组成结果,发现中全新世湖泊沉积物中,钙芒硝大量出现,一定程度上指示降水量增多所带来的淡水注入,与孢粉指标指示该阶段湿润的结果一致.通过区域对比,发现吉兰泰地区在全新世时期的气候演化模式与东亚季风区具有较好的一致性,表明该地区受到东亚夏季风的影响较大,尤其是在中全新世,东亚夏季风增强,带来较多的降水,气候湿润. 相似文献
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华北平原东部地区晚更新世以来的孢粉序列与气候分期 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
本文应用图象识别方法,对华北平原东部地区(宝坻—濮阳)的五口井和一个剖面的孢粉资料进行了研究,将本区晚更新世晚期一全新世地层划分为五个孢粉组合带,七个孢粉组合亚带,共建九个孢粉植物群演化阶段。在此基础上根据植物生态特征,探讨了两万年以来的气候演变,确立了九个气候期,并发现全新世以来气候变化具有八次明显的降温及七次升温过程,存在着二千五百年及千年左右的波动周期 相似文献
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《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2015,(9)
We collected, processed, identified, and analyzed the spores and pollen samples from the Zhuanchengzi Bed of the Yixian Formation in the Yingwoshan area of western Liaoning. As a result, we confirm a palynomorph assemblage of Cicatricosisporites-Protoconiferus. The pollen was primarily from gymnosperms, dominated especially by conifer pollen. Pteridophyte spores were less common and some questionable angiosperm pollen occurred occasionally. The age of the palynomorph assemblage is dated as the late Valanginian or Hauterivian-Barremian stage, the Early Cretaceous. The study applies the concept of Palynological Vegetation based on palynological spectra and the paleoecological characteristics of palynological taxa for the first time. Palynological vegetation type, climatic zone type, and humidity type are divided quantitatively for the Zhuanchengzi Bed in the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning. We then obtained the evolutionary trends. The results showed that the overall climate was warm and humid during the deposition period of the Zhuanchengzi Bed in the Yixian Formation. Palynological vegetation types are various and include coniferous forest, deciduous broadleaf forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, grass, and shrubs. The local temperature changed from warm to much warmer and from a semi-humid to humid climate. Palynological vegetation types are always dominated by coniferous forest. The coexistence of deciduous broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, shrubs, grass, and some xerophytic plants indicates vertical zonation and seasonal climate change The vertical vegetation types and the warm humid climate may imply a large geomorphological contrast in the Yixian Formation of western Liaoning. 相似文献
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In order to reveal the changes of vegetation in southern China since the Last Glacial Maximum, we have established high-resolution time scales and palynological sequences of borehole profiles by drilling cores in some weak areas of the research to restore vegetation changes over the past 20,000 years on the basis of previous work. This paper gives the vegetation zoning maps of 18, 9 and 6 ka BP respectively in southern China, and describes the distribution characteristics of plants in different zones/subzones. The results show that the vegetation zonations around 18 ka BP were significantly different from that at present.It appeared in turn with Cold-temperate coniferous forest and alpine meadow steppe zone, and Temperate mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest zone/warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone from northwest to southeast in the west, and Temperate mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest zone, Warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest zone, and Northern subtropical mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest zone from north to south in the central and east. The vegetation distribution around 9 ka BP changed distinctively. Except that the northwest part was located in Mountain temperate mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest zone, the vegetation in other areas occurred in turn with North subtropical mixed evergreen and deciduous broad-leaved forest subzone, Mid-subtropical typical evergreen broad-leaved forest subzone, and South subtropical monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest subzone/Tropical seasonal rainforest and rainforest zone from north to south.There was little change in the appearance of vegetation zonations between 6 and 9 ka BP, but the northern edge of each vegetation belt moved a little northward, reflecting that the overall climate became warmer around 6 ka BP. The vegetation changes in southern China over the past 20,000 years were largely driven by environmental changes. Climate change was the main factor affecting the vegetation distribution. The impact of human activities became more and more remarkable in the later period. In the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the delta region, sea level changes also influenced the vegetation distribution. 相似文献
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China's Loess Plateau was formed under special conditions. The tectonic movement, topographical characteristics, and monsoon patterns combined to create a favourable environment for the accumulation of thick loessic deposits. The Loess Plateau itself is part of the ‘Monsoon Triangle’ of China, a region very susceptible to climatic changes. Throughout the Upper Pleistocene the palaeoenvironment on the Loess Plateau alternated from steppe, to deciduous forest and coniferous forest, in response to shifts in the atmospheric circulation. Three monsoon patterns appear to be indicated: (1) a full glacial monsoon pattern (18000–15000 yr BP) which induced a cold and dry climate favouring loess accumulation in steppe conditions; (2) an interglacial monsoon pattern (last interglacial and Holocene) in which a warm humid climate prevailed with deciduous forests, leaving palaeosols interbedded within the loess sequence; and (3) a transitional or interstadial monsoon pattern (50 000–23 000 yr BP) in which the climate was cold and humid in the Loess Plateau, encouraging the development of coniferous forest. 相似文献
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L&#; Houyuan Wang Sumin Wu Naiqin Tong Guobang Yang Xiangdong Sheng Caiming Li Shijie Zhu Liping Wang Luo 《中国科学:地球科学(英文版)》2001,44(1):292-300
A new pollen record from the lake of Co Ngoin in the central Tibetan Plateau provides information on the vegetation and climate changes during the last 2.8 Ma. Seven major significant changes in pollen associations indicate the processes of vegetation change and possible tectonic uplifts. The seven changes in vegetation succession include a temperate montane conifer and broad-leaved mixed forest, cold temperate montane dark conifer forest, alpine shrub-meadow and alpine desert, montane dark coniferous forest and alpine shrub meadow, montane dark coniferous forest and alpine shrub meadow, montane dark coniferous forest and alpine meadow, and alpine desert and meadow. The pollen record provides the evidence of at least five times tectonic uplifts occurring at about 2.58 Ma, 1.87 Ma, 1.17 Ma, 0.83 Ma, and 0.3 Ma ago, respectively. Before 0.8 Ma, this region maintained the altitude below 4000 m a.s.l. Larger amplitude of uplift occurring at about 0.8 Ma ago enforced the plateau rising into cryosphere, shaping the basic topographic pattern of modern plateau. The major successions in vegetation of this area were largely controlled by stepwise uplift of the Tibetan Plateau.
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Reconstructing the spatial patterns of regional climate and vegetation during specific intervals in the past is important for assessing the possible responses of the ecological environment under future global warming scenarios. In this study, we reconstructed the history of regional vegetation and climate based on six radiocarbon-dated pollen records from the North China Plain. Combining the results with existing pollen records, we reconstruct the paleoenvironment of the North China Plain during the Last Glacial Maximum(LGM) and the Holocene Climatic Optimum(HCO). The results show that changes in the regional vegetation since the LGM were primarily determined by climatic conditions, the geomorphic landscape and by human activity.During the LGM, the climate was cold and dry; mixed broadleaf-coniferous forest and deciduous-evergreen broadleaf forest developed in the southern mountains, and cold-resistant coniferous forest and mixed broadleaf-coniferous forest were present in the northern mountains. The forest cover was relatively low, with mesophytic and hygrophilous meadow occupying the southern part of the plain, and temperate grassland and desert steppe were distributed in the north; Chenopodiaceae-dominated halophytes grew on the exposed continental shelf of the Bohai Sea and Yellow Sea. During the HCO, the climate was warm and wet;deciduous broadleaf forest and deciduous-evergreen broadleaf forest, with subtropical species, developed in the southern mountains, and deciduous broadleaf forest with thermophilic species was present in northern mountains. Although the degree of forest cover was greater than during the LGM, the vegetation of the plain area was still dominated by herbs, while halophytes had migrated inland due to sea level rise. In addition, the expansion of human activities, especially the intensification of cultivation,had a significant influence on the natural vegetation. Our results provide data and a scientific basis for paleoclimate modelling and regional carbon cycle assessment in north China, with implications for predicting changes in the ecological environment under future global warming scenarios. 相似文献
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内蒙古额济纳旗嘎顺淖尔XK1孔揭示的第四纪晚期沉积特点及古环境 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对嘎顺淖尔XK1孔沉积岩芯的岩性特征及多种环境代用指标的综合分析,初步认为:中更新世早中期,29．6 -42．5m(推测时代为距今218．3 kaBP以前),气候温凉偏干,滨湖与洪积相交替;距今218．3-172．8 kaBP气候温凉偏湿, 湖泊面积扩大,以滨浅湖-浅湖沉积为主,并一度出现半深湖环境;距今172．8-93．4 kaBP,沉积环境为湖滨相与洪积相交替,气候特点是冷凉干旱;距今93．4-67．4 kaBP,沉积环境以淡水浅湖为主,夹湖滨相．气候温偏湿;距今67．4-54．0 kaBP ,湖滨相沉积为主,气候温凉偏干;距今54-48．9 kaBP,气候暖湿的浅湖环境,气温较高;距今48．9-42．6 kaBP,凉而且干旱的气候特点,沉积相为湖滨相;42．6-0 kaBP,气候暖湿、凉干交替,浅湖相为主． 相似文献
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云南鹤庆盆地中更新世以来的孢粉记录及其植被与气候变化 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
通过对“中国大陆环境钻探计划”首钻——云南鹤庆深钻前155 m约800 ka以来的岩芯进行孢粉研究,探讨了云南鹤庆盆地中更新世以来的植被演替与古气候变迁．研究表明鹤庆盆地周围山地的植被在约800 kaBP至6．98 kaBP之间经历了以松为主的针叶林、山地针阔叶混交林、寒温性针叶林的多次相互演替;从6．98 kaBP开始,植被发生了转折性变化,森林植被迅速退化,以草本为主,此时开始受到人类活动的影响,人类活动表现在砍伐森林和种植农作物等方面.与植被演替相应的古气候可划分为五个大的阶段,包含多次冷暖、干湿旋回． 相似文献