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应用地球物理学作为地球物理学科的重要组成部分，是理论地球物理学原理用于解决现实问题的途径．经过多年发展，应用地球物理学学科建设相对成熟的同时也应积极探寻新的发展方向．地球物理学本身即是由地质学、应用数学、物理学等学科相交叉而产生的边缘学科，另与其他学科再结合，形成新的科研点符合地球物理学自身的发展逻辑．刑事犯罪案件侦查常常要面对某些重要物证被掩埋在土里或沉浸在水下而难以查获的问题，传统搜寻手段不但难度极高且须耗费大量资源．应用地球物理学探测方法中的直流电阻率法、低频电磁剖面法、探地雷达、磁法探测等浅表探测方法具有在陆地及水上识别、检出某些物证的物理前提，且各具优势和局限性．目前，应用地球物理学与法庭鉴识科学相结合已有一些理论研究基础和实践探测尝试，但总体上看仍处于起步阶段．未来，这种应用地球物理学研究的新方向或将催生新的交叉学科：法证地球物理学． 相似文献
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行星地质学和地球物理学(Planetary geology and geophysics,PG&G)是研究太阳系岩体和冰体表面与内部起源、结构和进化的科学.在过去几年中,加拿大地球科学家讨论并参与了一系列的行星科学研究,如对月球、火星和其他星体的研究,及参与探测宇宙飞船等研究.为此,《加拿大地球科学杂志》(Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences)发表特刊介绍加拿大科学家对行星地球科学的贡献. 相似文献
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本文概述了国际大地测量学和地球物理学联合会(IUGG)的发展历史、宗旨及其组织机构和运作体制,介绍了近些年来IUGG在推动地球科学各相关学科的交叉融合、广泛开展国际合作、帮助发展中国家地球科学的发展,以及探讨地球科学未来的趋向,关注青年科学家的培养和成长等方面所开展的卓有成效的活动.这些活动对于人类认识地球、合理利用资... 相似文献
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本刊从本期起将陆续刊载《中国当代地球物理学的开拓者》的系列文章。作者陈洪鹗同志自建国初期便从事地球物理科研组织、计划管理工作,曾涉足地震、地磁、大气物理、空间物理等诸领域,同《中国当代地球物理学的开拓者》系列文章中所介绍的老一辈科学家接触较多,对他们的生平事迹、科学实践、学术思想比较熟悉,有些事件,作者曾亲身经历或可谓历史见证人。 相似文献
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在地质学家用于探索地球的各种地球物理学方法之中,地震学具有最敏锐的幻想和与众不同的超级视觉。人们正是依赖地震学掌握地球内部构造的基本特征、大陆和海洋的地壳详细结构,发现有益矿物矿床,探索地震机制。但是,生活将向地球科学提出新的更加具体的任务:找到埋藏条件复杂的有益矿物矿床,预报地震和火山喷发,保护生态平衡。以萨多夫斯基()为所长的苏联科学院施密特地球物理研究所的地震学家们正在为解决这些任务而工作着。地震学如何回答时代的要求?地震学已提供了哪些手段和可能性?科学家们寄希望于什么?地震学的前途如何?关于这一切,本刊记者同苏联科学院地球物理研究所的研究室主任、物理学数学博士尼古拉耶夫()教授进行了如下谈话。 相似文献
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福建沿海、台湾海峡GPS观测分析及地球动力学特征研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用 3期GPS联测结果所获得的福建沿海地壳水平运动信息 ,采用ITRF94全球框架为基础的GPS测站地壳运动模型及其处理软件 ,对所获得的观测数据进行处理和精度分析。得到福建省高精度的GPS测站大地坐标、边长及其位移矢量 ,其精度达到 1 7×10 - 8。计算了福建地壳运动速率、主应变率 ,东西与南北向线应变率、面应变率、剪应变率、大地转动率和最大剪应变率等值线并给出了它们的分布图象。根据多年形变和现今GPS观测资料 ,分析福建地壳垂直运动与水平运动 ,显示区域应力场优势分布特征。最后 ,对福建沿海及台湾海峡地壳动力学特征作了初步的探讨 相似文献
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Zhivanovich I. Solov’ev A. A. Efremov V. I. Miller N. O. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2020,60(7):865-871
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Two main features define a sunspot as an object: a strong magnetic field and a low umbra temperature. The same can be said about a facular knot, in the center of which... 相似文献
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Michele Caputo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1964,57(1):66-82
Summary Adopting thePizzetti-Somigliana method and using elliptic integrals we have obtained closed formulas for the space gravity field in which one of the equipotential surfaces is a triaxial ellipsoid. The same formulas are also obtained in first approximation of the equatorial flattening avoiding the use of the elliptic integrals. Using data from satellites and Earth gravity data the gravitational and geometric bulge of the Earth's equator are computed. On the basis of these results and on the basis of recent gravity data taken around the equator between the longitudes 50° to 100° E, 155° to 180° E, and 145° to 180° W, we question the advantage of using a triaxial gravity formula and a triaxial ellipsoid in geodesy. Closed formulas for the space field in which a biaxial ellipsoid is an equipotential surface are also derived in polar coordinates and its parameters are specialized to give the international gravity formula values on the international ellipsoid. The possibility to compute the Earth's dimensions from the present Earth gravity data is the discussed and the value ofMG=(3.98603×1020 cm3 sec–2) (M mass of the Earth,G gravitational constant) is computed. The agreement of this value with others computed from the mean distance Earth-Moon is discussed. The Legendre polinomials series expansion of the gravitational potential is also added. In this series the coefficients of the polinomials are closed formulas in terms of the flattening andMG.Publication Number 327, and Istituto di Geodesia e Geofisica of Università di Trieste. 相似文献
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D. Zidarov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1973,105(1):655-668
Summary The paleomagnetic field (declination and inclination) in different geological epochs is represented through the field of the so-called magnetic dipole. The optimal dipole coordinates so obtained show that during older geological times the optimal dipole lay outside the earth's centre and moved towards and around the earth centre. It is supposed that the optimal dipole trajectory in the earth coincides with earth core trajectory. This core motion brought about a motion of the masses of the mantle in a direction opposite to the motion of the core. This in turn brought about the break-down of Pangea and the separation of the continents. The drift of the continents, the relative changing of the earth's rotational axis and many other geological and geophysical phenomena may be explained through such a motion, that is through the motion of an eccentrical core towards the earth centre. 相似文献
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针对我国当前较具典型的几种地震社会心理，指出职能部门疏导、防治的工作重点，并从顺应国情、民情及国家经济体制改革的方向出发，提出相应的对策建议。 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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Kenneth A. Goettel 《Surveys in Geophysics》1976,2(4):369-397
Progress in understanding the condensation of planetary constituents from a solar nebula necessitates a re-examination of models for the origin and composition of the Earth. All models which appear to be viable require the Earth to have an Fe–FeS core and the full, or nearly full, solar (i.e. chondritic) K/Si ratio. The crust and upper mantle do not contain the requisite potassium for the entire Earth to have the solar K/Si ratio. Therefore, these models require that much of the Earth's potassium, about 80–90%, must be in the deep interior—in the lower mantle or in the core.The hypothesis that a substantial fraction of the Earth's potassium is in the Fe–FeS core is based on the chalcophilic behavior of potassium. Data including the stability of K2S, the occurrence of potassium in sulfide phases in meteorites and in metallurgical systems, and most importantly, experiments on potassium partitioning between solid silicates and Fe–FeS melts support this hypothesis. The present data appear to require at least several percent of the Earth's total potassium to be in the core. Incorporation of much larger amounts of potassium into the core, possibly most of the 80–90% of the Earth's potassium which is postulated to be in the deep interior, is not contradicted by the present data. Additional experimental data, at high pressures, are required before quantitative estimates of the core's potassium content can be made.It is likely that40K is a significant heat source in the core. Decay of40K is a plausible energy source to drive core convection to maintain the geomagnetic field, and to drive mantle convection and seafloor spreading. 相似文献
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本文搜集了2001—2013年间在太行山与燕山构造带交汇部位先后布设的4个宽频带流动地震台阵和首都圈固定地震台网共192个台站记录到的全球5.5级以上远震事件波形资料,综合采用接收函数H-κ和CCP叠加分析获得了134个基岩台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比结果.综合分析与前人研究相吻合但更加精细的地壳约束分布信息,发现研究区域的地壳厚度和泊松比在整体上呈现出从西北到东南方向渐变的特征,在南北重力梯度带两侧及其附近呈现出明显的小尺度地壳结构和物质组分的差异,且可明显区分出太行山地区和燕山构造带及盆山交界处的地壳厚度与泊松比的相对差异,这可能反映了这些地区在华北克拉通的构造演化过程中所经历的不同地壳改造过程. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The behavior of the correlation between the radial BR and normal BN components of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) in the dependence on the time, the flow type of... 相似文献