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1.
地球物理反演是探索地下结构的最佳途径之一.地震波可以穿透到地球深部进行直接采样,是探测地球深部的主要方法.重力是结构体密度分布与地表观测点之间距离的体积积分效应,重力异常随着源深度的增加衰减很快,其对浅部结构的灵敏度明显优于地震数据.地震和重力联合反演能够相互补充和约束,提高空间分辨率,使反演结果更加稳定可靠.本文首先介绍了联系地震和重力数据的速度-密度经验关系,随后分别介绍了重震联合反演的3种常用方法—顺序反演、同步反演和交叉梯度反演,简要阐述了各种方法在国内外的应用情况.分析认为顺序反演将两类数据分开独立进行计算,原理简单,易于操作实现.但是该方法依赖于先验模型和速度-密度经验关系,可能存在分辨率较低区域(如模型边界)的误差放大效应.同步反演采用将地震和重力数据放在同一方程组中同时反演的策略,减弱了单一数据先验模型对结果的影响,但两种数据的同时运用势必引入数据权重分配问题.交叉梯度寻求不同物理参数模型在结构上的相似性,对潜在的岩石物性关系做了最少的假设,一定程度上降低了反演的非唯一性,但强制性地匹配模型的结构不一定完全符合地下介质的物性分布.因此使用交叉梯度方法反演时应注意模型的推导需要遵循客观标准,以控制模型的结构相似性和数据拟合度.最后指出重震联合反演中的速度-密度经验关系和数据的权重分配仍是值得探究的问题. 相似文献
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讨论了利用面波与布格重力异常联合反演三维地壳速度结构的新方法,并利用该方法联合反演获得山西断陷带地壳S波速度结构.通过建立速度与密度之间的经验关系,利用非线性迭代反演方法获得最终速度模型.结果显示,联合反演获得的速度模型可以同时提高对面波及重力数据的观测拟合程度,而面波单独反演得到的速度模型则无法很好的拟合重力观测数据.相比较,联合反演速度模型中的大同火山区中下地壳的低速异常幅值小于面波单独反演模型中低速异常体的幅值.联合反演速度模型结果揭示,吕梁山地区在中下地壳存在低速异常,并且和北部的大同火山区低速异常相连接,说明可能导致新生代以来大同火山区岩浆活动的上地幔构造活动(上地幔局部上涌,地幔柱)可能对山西断陷带的形成和构造活动起到了一定的控制作用,并且导致了吕梁山地区中下地壳的低速异常. 相似文献
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根据重力数据反演结果的数据类型不同,可将重力反演概括为两类:一类是应用线性或者非线性算法,直接计算成像空间的密度分布;第二类是计算得到一种所谓等效密度,用以勾画重力异常场源分布,称为概率成像方法.相对于第一类方法,第二种方法计算更为简单,反演过程也更为稳定.但在一些应用中,需要获取地下介质的实际密度值,进而通过岩性层析等来确定岩性分布,此时,等效密度反演方法表现出了其局限性.本文从概率密度方法出发,应用一种迭代计算,可完成将概率密度值到实际密度值的转化,同时,增加了反演结果的分辨率.本文应用两个理论模型证明了该方法的有效性. 相似文献
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伴随层析成像（Adjoint Tomography）通过求解全波方程来准确模拟地震波在复杂介质中的传播,并利用波形信息来反演地下结构,是新一代的高分辨率成像方法.其中3-D伴随层析成像需要庞大的计算资源,而2-D反演相对更具计算效率.面波和远震体波是研究地壳上地幔速度结构的重要方法,它们对S波速度及Moho面的敏感度不同,通过联合反演,可以得到更为准确的S波速度结构及Moho面.通过两种数据的高度互补性,本文提出基于伴随方法的线性台阵背景噪声面波和远震体波联合成像方法,同时约束台阵下方S波速度结构及Moho面形态.我们将该方法应用到符合华北克拉通岩石圈典型结构特征的理论模型上,测试结果表明联合反演方法优势明显,相比于面波伴随层析成像,能获得更高分辨率的S波速度结构,同时能精准约束Moho面形态.相比于体波伴随层析成像,联合反演能有效压制高频假象,降低波形反演过程中的非线性化程度.本研究有望提供一种更为高效精准的线性台阵成像方法,搭建联合伴随层析成像理论框架,提升岩石圈成像分辨率,并为后续其他类型波形数据的引入提供思路和方法. 相似文献
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本文回顾了接收函数线性反演及接收函数与频散曲线联合反演的理论.为了检验两种方法在实测数据中的应用效果,我们选择云南区域台网位于四个不同次级块体的四个台站为例:首先,计算了四个台站的远震P波接收函数;然后,分别运用接收函数线性反演和接收函数与背景噪声数据联合反演两种方法分别得到台站下方的S波速度结构;另外,运用H-k扫描方法验证两种反演方法获取的莫霍面深度的可靠性.在反演过程中,当我们提供具有深一些莫霍面的初始模型时,联合反演获取的莫霍面深度与H-k扫描结果具有很好的一致性,同时联合反演也能有效地捕捉低速层,对反演的S波速度也有较好的约束.由此推知,加入背景噪声相速度数据后的联合反演对初始模型的依赖性低于单独用接收函数反演的结果. 相似文献
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本文针对蒸汽辅助重力泄油(SAGD)生产中开发监测问题,发展了综合应用地震及重力数据反演储层密度的联合反演算法.通过测井数据建立纵波阻抗与密度的直接关系,并推导出这种关系下重力与纵波阻抗数据联合反演的计算方法,从而计算出蒸汽腔体密度分布规律.文中应用密度反演后验约束正则化方法,采用Tikhonov正则化模型,通过波阻抗数据作为约束进行联合反演,在算法上提高了稳定性,同时得到较高的反演精度.文中对SAGD生产中的理论模型进行了方法试算,并分析了算法的误差,最终应用于SAGD生产的实际数据中,通过最终反演结果分析,该方法取得了很好的应用效果. 相似文献
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重力数据的密度界面反演是位场数据解释中的一项主要工作,在区域构造演化、深部莫霍面确定等领域的研究中发挥重要作用.近年来,数据驱动的深度学习方法广泛地应用在地球物理数据处理与反演中,本文提出一种基于深度学习U-net网络的重力数据密度界面反演方法.首先,对半椭球体界面模型进行随机抽取和组合进而形成地下起伏界面数据集,并基于Parker正演理论对界面数据集进行重力异常正演计算,为深度学习网络模型的训练提供特征完备的数据源;其次,设计了基于U-net网络模型的深度学习界面反演算法,在传统的损失函数基础上增加光滑损失项和过拟合抑制项,提高重力界面反演结果的光滑性和收敛效率;最后通过测试样本集进行反演预测,验证建立深度学习网络模型的泛化性.本文通过理论模型和实际数据试验分析了本文方法在密度界面反演中的有效性和实用性,基于改进损失函数约束的深度学习界面反演方法有效地提高了密度界面反演的收敛效率和计算稳定性. 相似文献
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传统的折射与广角反射地震和重力数据的联合解译是基于大量地壳岩石弹性性质实验室研究证实的地震P波速度和密度之间众所周知的相关性。与这一方法相矛盾的一个问题是富含钙长石的岩石具较高的P波速度,而不满足常规密度—VP关系。这说明基于常规密度—VP关系的联合反演不适用于横跨大的非造山带环斑-辉长-斜长岩地块的广角地震调查,因为其组成成分富含斜长石。同时使用VP和VS计算密度模型就可解决这一问题。岩石属性的实验室结果表明密度与VS相关性很强。此外,各向同性VS与密度的相关性较VP更强,且受高斜长石含量的影响更小。即便如此,利用这一已知的密度与VS或者密度与VP及VS的相关性进行地震和重力数据的联合反演仍然十分少见。其重要原因在于暴破地震学中S波波至的质量低,因而难以得到可靠的S波速度模型。本文阐述了在乌克兰地盾EUROBRIDGE’97广角反射和折射剖面所做的地震和重力数据联合反演的结果。该区缺失厚沉积体,使我们可以得到P波和S波速度模型。通过重力反演得到EUROBRIDGE’97剖面密度模型,我们利用密度和VP、VS模型的关系,将密度模型参数化。这样参数化后,经重力数据转换,可以获得密度和地震波速的关系。结果显示EUROBRIDGE’97剖面的密度与地震波速之间呈非线性和离散的关系。对相关性的分析表明,造成离散是缘于横跨该剖面的大的地质构造单元的差异。为解释这一差异,我们对比EUROBRIDGE’97剖面上3个主要地质单元中地震速度和密度的关系和来自乌克兰地盾及另一个前寒武纪地区的岩石学资料。可见与平均密度—速度关系的偏移量是岩石的特殊矿物组合的反映,包含了不同的岩石时代和地壳形成环境。论述了如何通过密度—速度图分析,来限定地壳成分,尤其是下地壳的成分和变质程度。 相似文献
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常规协克里金方法反演重力或重力梯度数据具有抗噪性好、加入先验信息容易等优点,其反演的地下密度分布能够识别异常体中心位置,还原异常体基本形态,但反演图像光滑,分辨率低,这是由于常规方法估计的密度协方差矩阵全局发散、平稳.为了通过协克里金方法获得聚焦的密度分布需要改善密度协方差矩阵的性质.首先,本文推导了理论密度协方差公式,其性质表明,当理论模型聚焦分布时,其密度协方差矩阵是非平稳且聚焦分布的.为了打破常规协方差矩阵全局平稳、发散的特征,本文设置密度阈值处理协方差矩阵,通过不断更新协方差矩阵来迭代实现协克里金反演,最终得到相对聚焦的反演结果.用本文方法处理重力与重力梯度数据恢复两种密度模型,均得到了与正演模型匹配的反演结果;再将方法运用于文顿盐丘的实际测量重力与重力梯度数据,反演结果与已知的地质情况匹配较好. 相似文献
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The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas. 相似文献
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Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were... 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed. 相似文献
17.
Josef Vykutil 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1968,12(2):217-220
Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида.
Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным
при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
18.
Ivanka Jakubcová Věra Marvanová Miloš Pick Antonín Novotný Reviewer Z. Šimon 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1982,26(2):193-196
Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well. 相似文献
19.
Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM. 相似文献
20.
Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献