共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
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2009年9月6日至9日在三门湾进行了沿海声层析(Coastal Acoustic Tomography,CAT)潮流观测实验.实验由7台沿海声层析仪组网进行,并分别由渔船定点抛锚于7个站位.实验期间,还进行了定点ADCP(Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler)观测.通过建立逆模式对声传播时间差进行解析,引入权重因子,用L-curve法确定阻尼因子的最佳值,继而根据阻尼最小二乘法得到流速的最佳解.根据逆模式得到的流速分布可知该海区的潮流以半日潮(M2)为主,M2潮流椭圆呈东南-西北走向,潮流基本都是顺着水道,即涨潮为西北流向,退潮为东南流向.西北向与东南向最大流速分别为1.03m·s-1和1.09m·s-1.实验期间该区域的余流是从湾外流入湾内,平均流速约为0.05m·s-1.CAT与定点ADCP流速的东分量和北分量的均方差均小于0.18m·s-1.这样大面积的潮流和余流水平分布的同步观测,用传统观测手段很难实现.通过以上结果可以得出,沿海声层析技术可以作为一种新的测流方法对强潮海区进行大面积潮流观测,可在我国沿海的海洋环境监测等方面发挥重要作用. 相似文献
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基于2004~2006年12个航次的水文资料,用逆方法计算得到了奄美大岛以东AE断面琉球海流的流速和体积流量.再次证实琉球海流具有较稳定的次表层流核结构,流核位于110～600 m深度,并沿AE线分布于27.2°～28.2°N,流核的最大流速为15.1～80.0 cm·s-1. 12个航次的平均流速断面显示了一个完整的次表层流核,其流核的最大流速为21.3 cm·s-1, 流核的垂直和水平尺度分别为800 m 和 30 km. 观测结果表明,2004~2006年之间,琉球海流冬季、春季、夏季、秋季和年平均的流量分别为10.9,10.1,5.9,23.9和12.7×106 m3·s-1,秋季最强,夏季最弱.日本以南黑潮净流量为52.7×106 m3·s-1, 其中源于吐噶喇海峡黑潮和琉球海流的流量平均比为0.40. 相似文献
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枯水期咸潮入侵已经严重威胁到了感潮河流区域供水安全.本文通过构建避咸蓄淡供水模型,耦合了咸度预测、河库联合供水调度和供水安全分析模块,为依赖感潮河流为水源地的区域供水安全管理提供了一种整体思路和决策方法.以面向粤港澳大湾区珠海东部及澳门的珠江三角洲磨刀门水道取供水为例,基于潮汐、径流和风等因子及咸度实测数据,较好地拟合了基于BP神经网络的咸度预测模型,及含氯度与超标时间的曲线函数,建立了上游来水和咸度超标时间之间的联系,得到了避咸蓄淡取水时机.咸度预测与当地河库联合供水调度相结合,得到了上游枯水期来水过程的当地区域供需平衡状况.枯水期不考虑水库调蓄的资源性缺水临界需水量为3.22亿m3,水库参与调蓄的工程性缺水临界需水量为3.75亿m3.通过供水安全分析模块,基于设定的风险阈值和临界阈值识别出了不同需水规模的上游来水临界流量特征.对于当地规划的需水规模4.23亿m3,期望上游枯水期临界流量均值约为3372 m3/s.整体上来说,需水规模越大,对上游来水期望的临界流量越大,但同时还与枯水期流量分布有关. 相似文献
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沙漠地区植被稀疏、干旱少雨,其陆面物理过程具有与全球其它地区显著不同的特点.本文利用巴丹吉林沙漠观测资料,分析和计算了地表反照率、比辐射率、粗糙度和土壤热容量、热传导系数等关键陆面过程参数,建立了适合于沙漠地区的陆面过程模式DLSM (Desert Land Surface Model),并与NOAH陆面过程模式的模拟结果和观测资料进行了比较.结果表明:巴丹吉林沙漠地表反照率为0.273,比辐射率为0.950,地表粗糙度为1.55×10-3 m,土壤热容量和热扩散系数分别为1.08×106 J·m-3·K-1和3.34×10-7 m2·s.辐射传输、感热输送和土壤热传导过程是影响沙漠地区地表能量平衡的主要物理过程.通过对这三种过程的准确模拟检验,DLSM能够较准确地模拟巴丹吉林沙漠地气能量交换特征;短波辐射、长波辐射和感热通量的模拟结果与观测值间的标准差分别为7.98,6.14,33.9 W·m-2,与NOAH陆面过程模式的7.98,7.72,46.6 W·m-2的结果接近.地表反照率是沙漠地区最重要的陆面过程参数,地表反照率增大5%,向上短波辐射通量随之增加5%,感热通量则减小2.8%.本文研究结果对丰富陆面过程参数化方案,改进全球陆面过程模式、气候模式具有参考意义. 相似文献
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基于随钻地层测试基本原理和渗流理论,建立了圆柱坐标系下压力下降和压力恢复阶段的压力扩散微分方程,确定出随钻地层压力测试定解问题,通过对定解问题的边界进行齐次化处理,并采用有限差分方法建立了四维空间下的显格式差分方程,以解析方法和有限差分方法分析了点源单相单测试室均质球形渗流问题,两种方法计算误差小于2.00%,检验了有限差分方法的正确性.采用有限差分方法定量分析了不同渗透率（0.1×10-3μm2、1.0×10-3μm2和10.0×10-3μm2）地层下,表皮效应、储集效应、地层非均质性、抽吸速率、抽吸探头半径等因素对压力响应的影响,分析表明,这些因素对压力响应曲线的影响十分显著,主要表现在抽吸压降、压降速率、压力恢复速率、恢复时间等几个方面,而且不同渗透率地层的敏感程度差异比较大.建立了地层压力测试模拟实验平台,模拟了3种不同渗透率（108.81×10-3μm2、16.10×10-3μm2和4.79×10-3μm2）地层的压力抽吸测试,并采用有限差分方法对实验进行了数值模拟.结果表明,数值模拟与实测压力响应一致性非常好,二者绝对误差小于1.60 MPa,相对误差低于5.00%（最大误差4.92%）,验证了有限差分数值方法的正确性和准确性. 相似文献
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泥沙问题是三峡工程建设与运行中的关键技术问题之一,只有妥善处理好泥沙问题,才能保证三峡工程长期有效使用,维持水库功能的全面发挥。本文首先结合实测水文、河道地形观测资料,对三峡水库运行近20年来的泥沙淤积特性及水库排沙比进行了较为全面的分析研究,并与已有研究成果进行了对比;其次,围绕防洪、航运以及坝前段的泥沙淤积等方面,进一步分析了水库淤积产生的影响。结果表明:三峡水库蓄水以来,在不考虑区间来沙的情况下,三峡水库共淤积泥沙20.484亿t,近似年均淤积1.102亿t,水库排沙比为23.6%,水库年均淤积量为原论证预测值的33%。其中,库区干流段累计淤积泥沙17.835亿m3(变动回水区冲刷0.694亿m3;常年回水区淤积18.529亿m3),淤积在水库防洪库容内的泥沙为1.648亿m3(干、支流分别淤积1.517亿m3和0.131亿m3),占水库防洪库容的0.74%,“十一五”攻关阶段研究得出的多年平均淤积量及排沙比较实测值均偏大,变动回水区冲淤则出现反向的... 相似文献
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极风现象从理论上提出已20多年了,实验上一直没有充分地证实这种现象的存在,以及它的形成区域位于高纬顶部电离层中.我们利用欧洲非相干散射协会（EISCAT）的VHF雷达（在挪威Tromsφ）,对H+离子极风进行了首次实验研究,结果表明,实验期间观测到H+离子在顶部电离层中的运动速度始终向上,且随高度的增加而增大,从而证实在高纬顶部电离层中确实存在着一个永久向上的H+离子流,即H+离子极风,其速度在1000km 高度上达到1km/s,其通量在此高度上接近于饱和,达到1012ms（-1）,而温度小于0.26eV.在我们的探测高度上仍未发展成超声速极风. 相似文献
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三峡澎溪河回水区流速对藻类原位生长速率的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为明晰不同流速水平对三峡支流回水区库湾藻类原位生长的影响,本文采用可调速的环形实验槽,选择三峡水库不同运行状态(低水位、高水位),对三峡澎溪河高阳平湖库湾藻类生物量(用叶绿素a浓度表示)变化特征进行原位受控实验.通过流速在0(对照)、0.1、0.2和0.3 m/s的实验发现,夏季低水位阶段澎溪河水域光热充足,但流速升高(0.2m/s)对藻类原位比生长速率具有一定影响.大体上,高阳平湖水域藻类原位比生长速率与流速水平呈对数关系.冬季高水位运行期间,流速的升高将可能在一定程度上促进水柱扰动,成为维持藻类在上层水体受光生长、避免下沉的主要因素.该时期,采用调节流速、流量的方法抑制藻类生长的难度相对较大. 相似文献
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雷诺数对藻类垂向分布特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为研究紊流水体中藻类的垂向分布特性,依据三峡水库次级河流回水段的水动力状况,自行设计了水流实验装置,选取次级河流回水区水华高发时段的气候状况和营养盐水平为实验条件,研究了雷诺数对蓝藻、绿藻和硅藻垂向分布的影响以及雷诺数对不同水深处藻类的悬浮和聚集行为的作用.研究结果表明:在水温为20℃、光照强度为5000 lx的富营养水体中,当断面平均流速在0～0.005 m/s、雷诺数在0～1750时,蓝藻主要悬浮聚集在0.2～0.8 m的表层水体中;而当断面平均流速在0.1～0.5 m/s、雷诺数在35000～175000时,硅藻主要悬浮聚集在0.2～0.8 m的表层水体中;与蓝藻和硅藻相比,绿藻适宜的雷诺数范围更宽,当断面平均流速在0～0.05 m/s、雷诺数在0～17500时,绝大部分的绿藻都能悬浮聚集在0.2～0.8 m的表层水体中. 相似文献
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Based on field data of river discharge, tide, tidal bore, and riverbed topography, the characteristics of river discharge, the effect of river discharge on riverbed erosion and sedimentation, and the feedback effect of riverbed erosion and sedimentation on the tide and tidal bore in the Qiantang River are analyzed. The results show that the inter-annual and seasonal variation of river discharge in the Qiantang River is noticeable, while the seasonal distribution of river discharge tends to be un... 相似文献
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为了对雷暴云下近地面的电特性进行分析，本文建立了模拟自然尖端所产生的电晕离子演化的一维数值模式。以地面电场为基础，考虑到地面电晕离子的演化，成功地计算了从地面至８００ｍ的空中电场及电荷、电流的时空演变，发现地面电晕离子可解释除雷暴云电荷影响外的空中电场和地面电场的差异，空间电场比地面电场更能反应雷暴电荷所产生的电场。空间电荷层可延伸到８００ｍ的高度上，且电荷密度可高达０．２５ｎＣ／ｍ３，６００ｍ高度上的传导电流密度可达０．１ｎＡ／ｍ２。 相似文献
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SEDIMENT CARRYING CAPACITY OF SEA CURRENT AND THE TRAINING OF THE YELLOW RIVER MOUTH 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
LI Diankui 《国际泥沙研究》1999,(2)
1INTRODUCTIONTheYellowRivercarries1.6billiontonsofsedanmentload,rankedthefirstintheworld.Sedimentationinthelowerreachesresultedinfrequentlyshiftoftherivercourses.ThroughoutthehistoryofChina,theYellowRiverhasbeenassociatedwithfloodsandfamine,earningtherivername"China'ssorrow"(Hu,l996).Instabilityoftheriverchannel,especiallythedeltachannel,restraintstheeconomicdevelopmentofthearea.TheDongyingmunicipalgovernment,theShenliOilCorporationandtheYellowRiverMouthManagementBureauofYRCC(Yel… 相似文献
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The upper part of the Huanghe (Yellow River) drainage basin supplies 50–60% of the annual water discharge and only 10% of the total river sediment load, while the middle reaches contribute 30–40% of the water flow and 90% of the annual sediment load, because of severe erosion over the Loess Plateau. Large variations in both annual water discharge and sediment load occur in the Huanghe. Heavy sedimentation in the lower reaches of the channel makes the river bed aggrade several centimetres per year. Of the suspended sediment in the river, 90–95% is deposited in the lower part of the river course and in the coastal shallow water area; less than 5–10% escapes from Laizhou Bay and enters the Central Bohai and/or North Huanghai (Yellow Sea). The active delta complex now propagates seawards at a mean rate of 42 km2 year−1. 相似文献
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Gail M. Ashley 《地球表面变化过程与地形》1980,5(4):347-368
The Pitt River is a meandering river channel linking the Fraser River estuary and Pitt Lake. The lake acts as a temporary reservoir for tidally diverted Fraser River flow. Stage level can fluctuate 2 m in Pitt River and as much as 1.2 m in Pitt Lake on a tidal cycle. Stage data from three locations in the system, used in conjunction with velocity measurements (profiles and tethered meter), revealed large tidal and seasonal variations in discharge. Calculations indicate that during the flood, basal shear stress peaks earlier in the cycle and reaches higher values than during the ebb. Thus, sediment moves farther forward on a flood flow than it moves back on the succeeding ebb. An upstream movement of sediment in Pitt River from the Fraser River is indicated by: (1) the identical mineralogy of the two rivers, (2) a decrease in median grain size from the Fraser to Pitt Lake, and (3) a predominance of flood-oriented bedforms in the river channel. A delta, 12 km2 area, has accumulated at the lower (draining) end of the lake. Studies of the river channel using hydrographic charts revealed regular meanders (λM = 6100 m) and evenly spaced riffles and pools which appear to be scaled to the strongest flow, winter flood current (2400 m3/s). The winter flood is thus considered to be the effective discharge. Meander point bars are accreting on the ‘upstream’ side indicating deposition by the flood-oriented flow. The three dimensional geometry of the large-scale bedforms which cover the sandy thalweg of both river and delta channel was determined by echo sounding and side-scan sonar. Three distinct sizes (height/spacing = 0.8 m/10–15 m; 1.5 m/25–30m; 3m/50–60 m) of large-scale bedforms (sand waves) were found; their linear relationship of height vs. spacing on a log-log plot suggests a common genesis. Their occurrence by size does not appear to be related to depth of flow but rather to their position in the channel with respect to large scale features which alter flow. 相似文献
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Critical load calculations have suggested that groundwater at depth of 2 m in Sweden is very sensitive to acid load. As environmental isotope studies have shown that most of the runoff in streams has passed through the soil, there is a risk in the near future of accelerated acidification of surface waters.
To assess the importance of the last soil horizon of contact before discharge, the upper 0–0.2m of soils in seven discharge zones were analysed for pools of base cations, acidity and base saturation. The sites were about 3–4 m2 in size and selected from two catchments exposed to different levels of acid deposition.
The soils in the seven sites had high concentrations of exchangeable base cations and consequently high base saturation. The high correlation (r2 = 0.74) between base saturation in the soils of the discharge zones and mean pH of the runoff waters suggested that the discharge zone is important for surface water acidification. The high pool of exchangeable base cations will buffer initially against the acid load. As the cation exchange capacity (meq dm−3) and base saturation were lower in the sites from the catchment receiving lower deposition, these streams may be more vulnerable to acidification in the near future. The high concentration of base cations in non-exchangeable fractions may also buffer against acidification as it is likely that some of these pools will become exchangeable with time. 相似文献
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The increase of salt intrusion in recent years in the Modaomen Estuary, one of the estuaries of the Pearl River Delta in China, has threatened the freshwater supply in the surrounding regions, especially the cities of Zhongshan, Zhuhai in Guangdong Province and Macau. A numerical modeling system using nested grids was developed to investigate the salt transport mechanisms and the response of salt intrusion to changes in river discharge and tidal mixing. The steady shear transport induced by estuarine circulation reaches maximum and minimum, respectively, during neap and spring tides, while the tidal oscillatory transport shows an opposite pattern. The net transport is landward during neap tides and seaward during spring tides. The salt intrusion length responding to constant river discharges generally follows a power law of ?0.49. The dependence of salt intrusion on tidal velocity is less than that predicted by theoretical models for exchange flow dominated estuaries. The response of salt intrusion to change in tidal velocity depends largely on river discharge. When river flow increases, the impact of tidal velocity increases and the phase lag of response time decreases. The asymmetries of salt intrusion responding to increasing and decreasing river discharge (tidal velocity) are observed in the estuary. 相似文献