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1.
基于油砂组分的吸收光谱物理响应机理,通过对比矿物基团平均吸收深度,建立主要蚀变矿物ASTER多光谱遥感数据异常提取模式以识别油砂分布.研究表明,与传统的烃类微渗漏遥感研究手段相比,该模式可以更有效地指示油砂的分布.利用油砂组分基团光谱平均吸收深度与孔隙度及渗透率进行相关分析,研究了油砂光谱与所处地质背景环境中储层物性之间的关联关系.结果表明,表征粘土矿物含量的粘土基团吸收深度与孔渗值呈负相关关系,指示含油性的烃类基团吸收深度与孔渗值呈显著正相关关系. 相似文献
2.
油砂山断裂位于柴达木盆地西南缘英雄岭背斜南翼,英雄岭背斜是柴达木盆地内新构造表现最为强烈的地区,也是柴达木盆地内部褶皱向S扩展的最前缘位置。对油砂山断裂的古地震和晚第四纪活动速率研究有助于理解该地区的构造变形方式和评价地震地质灾害。通过对油砂山山前洪积扇上沿断裂带发育的挤压鼓包进行探槽开挖、油砂山西侧盆地内褶皱陡坎进行测量及晚第四纪冲、洪积地层进行光释光测年,综合分析认为:1)油砂山断裂是1条全新世活动的逆冲断裂,盆地内的褶皱陡坎表明至少晚更新世中晚期以来该断裂在同一地表迹线上持续活动。油砂山探槽揭露到的断层面产状为N62°W/NE∠17°。探槽揭露到了至少2次构造事件,较新的1次事件Ⅱ发生在距今500a以来,垂直断距约0.25m。目前获得的资料还不能确定它就是1977年茫崖西北的M6.4地震,但也不能排除与该地震有关。较老的事件Ⅰ发生在距今1 000~4 000a之间,垂直断距约0.55m。事件发生后的侵蚀作用影响了事件Ⅰ年龄的限定和事件Ⅰ确切次数的判定。2)油砂山断裂晚更新世中晚期以来的垂直活动速率约为(0.38±0.06)mm/a。与该区GPS站点的相对速率相比较表明,油砂山断裂是该区非常重要的1条全新世活动的逆冲断裂,在调节区域构造变形上起到了重要作用。 相似文献
3.
4.
饱油,饱水岩石电阻率的测试和研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在不同的油水饱和度下测试了砂岩和灰岩样品的电阻率值，测得了它们随和度变化的不同规律，饱水砂岩电阻率随饱和度均呈指数下降，而饱油砂岩、石灰岩电阻率则随饱和度呈对数下降，并对实验结果进行了理论分析和讨论，提出了相应的影响因素和机理，且给出了较好的拟合曲线。 相似文献
5.
断陷湖盆缓坡带是油气运移的优势指向区,具备形成岩性地层油气藏的优越条件.本文采用地球物理技术与石油地质分析相结合的方法,分析了T17断块岩性地层油气藏的地质特征与油气展布规律,认为：（1）油气成藏受不整合面、岩性及构造因素综合控制;(2)单个含油砂体的油层在上倾部位受储层超覆尖灭线控制,下倾方向受油水界面控制;(3)多个含油砂体叠和构成了岩性地层油气聚集区带,整个区带油气层纵向上呈阶梯状产出,平面上由构造低部位向构造高部位呈条带状展布.据此,总结该区油气藏的高效勘探开发模式,并应用到该断块的勘探开发实践中,取得了较好的效果. 相似文献
6.
为了分析海洋中含金属矿的储油气砂层的成分、结构对于海洋可控源电磁场的影响特征,引入多相微增等效介质模型,结合非结构化网格实现了海洋可控源电磁三维矢量有限元正演.首先对多相微增模型进行了介绍,并分析不同参数影响下的等效电导率变化特征.而后,详细推导了频率域可控源电磁法非结构化矢量有限元方程.接着,利用预处理的IDR （s）迭代算法求解线性方程组.最后设计典型的海洋地电模型,通过正演计算,验证了本文算法的正确性和有效性,同时研究了海洋储油砂层中的金属矿的含量、孔隙度、含水饱和度等参数对于可控源电磁场响应特征的影响. 相似文献
7.
本文基于Biot理论,推导出Zoeppritz形式的双相介质分界面上弹性波的反射与透射公式,对单相Zoeppritz公式与双相反射系数公式进行了比较,对双相介质含油、水、气不同流体时的反射规律以及孔隙度、渗透率、饱和度等储层参数对纵波反射的影响进行了研究.数值模拟分析表明,双相与单相反射公式的主要差异在于双相介质反射公式中考虑了液相、固液耦合相弹性模量的影响;油砂、水砂、气砂岩的慢P波反射差异明显;快P波反射对孔隙度的变化敏感,饱和度次之,对渗透率和频率的变化不敏感. 相似文献
8.
一个针对被动微波AMSR-E数据反演地表温度的物理统计算法 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
用MODIS的地表温度产品和AMSR-E不同通道之间的亮度温度回归分析表明用89GHzV 做地表温度反演主通道的精度最高. 用AIEM模型模拟表明, 土壤粗糙度和土壤水分变化引起土壤辐射率变化可以通过不同极化波段的差值得到有效的消除, 从而克服了被动微波反演地表温度中辐射率不稳定的困难. 通过回归系数分析表明, 不同的地表覆盖类型的辐射机制是不同的. 要精确地反演地表温度, 至少对地表分成三种覆盖类型, 即水覆盖的地表、雪覆盖的地表以及非雪和水覆盖的地表. 以MODIS地表温度产品作为评价标准, 物理统计方法的平均精度在2~3℃. 相似文献
9.
温度和压力是水平井产出剖面测井必测的参数,然而利用温度资料进行水平井产出剖面测井解释,具有影响因素较多,多解性强的特点.本文根据热力学守恒定律,建立了温度测井计算模型,进行了压降幅度和热损失系数对温度的敏感性分析,研究了不同参数对热损失系数和温度测井的影响,为水平井温度测井资料解释奠定了理论基础.利用温度测井解释方法,对鄂北一口致密气水平井产出剖面测井资料进行了解释分析,分析了不同压裂段的产出情况,解释结果与持水率计测试结果吻合较好,说明了温度测井解释模型的可靠性.在流速等参数缺失的情况下,通过温度测井能够很好的了解水平井各压裂段的产出情况,为后续完井和生产优化提供依据. 相似文献
10.
温度和压力是沉积盆地两个重要的物理场,温度影响着超压的形成和分布.本文根据钻孔实测温度和压力数据分析了川中古隆起现今压力与温度的关系;在实验室对封闭流体进行了多组温-压关系实验;利用等效镜质体反射率和包裹体测温数据恢复了川中古隆起不同井区在白垩纪抬升之前的最大古地温,并在此基础上分析了温度降低对研究区超压的影响;最后探讨了生烃增压和欠压实超压形成过程中温度的作用.研究结果表明,川中古隆起现今超压层的压力系数与温度呈正相关关系;在绝对密封的条件下,当压力大于15 MPa时,温度每变化1℃,压力变化1.076 MPa.川中地区不同井区自晚白垩世以来的差异性降温是现今同一超压层系超压强度不同的主要因素,此外超压层还应发生了流体的横向压力传递和泄漏.下古生界原油裂解形成超压的时间是180~110 Ma;气态烃伴生的盐水包裹体均一温度暗示了在90 Ma超压发生调整.盆地模拟结果显示温度对上三叠统须家河组的欠压实增压影响微弱. 相似文献
11.
The results of numerical modeling of magnetic field variations with increasing pressure in the inner magnetosphere regions
in the axisymmetric case with pressure isotropy are presented. The radial dependence of magnetic field disturbance for the
given plasma pressure distribution is determined. The dependence of magnetic field disturbance near the Earth on the total
pressure with allowance for the influence of magnetic field of the currents in the plasma on the field value and distribution
is obtained. The obtained solutions are applied in an analysis of the large magnetic storm of February, 1986, during which
the minimum value of the Dst variation was 307 nT. The plasma pressure values experimentally measured near the equatorial plane were used. It is shown
that, with allowance for nonlinear effects, the value of observed Dst variation corresponds to the disturbance caused by the axisymmetric part of a ring current. 相似文献
12.
Terms in conventional elasticity theory that are normally neglected become important when the ambient pressure is not negligible in comparison with the elastic moduli. These terms give a pressure dependence to the elastic moduli in addition to that resulting from the pressure dependence of atomic forces. The net effect is to reduce the rigidity moduli and to increase incompressibility, resulting in an increase in Poisson's ratio. It is shown that the value of Poisson's ratio for the inner core (～0.445) is compatible with a rigid metal, such as iron, which would yield the observed high value when subjected to core pressures. 相似文献
13.
为了深入研究流体对岩石中弹性波速度和衰减的影响,必须考虑到流体的分布和粘性。引入气体包裹体模型来研究粘性流体的分布对松散介质中P波速度和衰减的影响,用气泡平均半径来描述流体分布的不均匀性,计算了不同气泡半径和频率下P波速度和衰减随饱和度变化的曲线,并与有效流体模型作了比较,由于流体喷流的存在会使Gassmann方程在高频下不适用,用干燥和饱和流体的P波、S波速度修正了理论曲线。测量了玻璃微珠中不同水饱和度下高频P波的速度和衰减,并尝试用峰值频率来计算衰减。此方法求出的Q和频谱比法求出的Q在干燥或饱和水时基本相同,随饱和度的变化规律也基本一致,但衰减峰的大小有差异。根据实测值得似事经修正的波速和衰减理论曲线从而估算出气泡平均半径,认为P波速度和衰减不仅与饱和度有关而且也与介质内部气体－液体压力平衡有关。 相似文献
14.
J. P. Cull 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1976,114(2):301-307
Summary A transient line source technique has been modified to allow the measurement of thermal parameters in small samples within the confines of high pressure apparatus. Sample preparation is considerably simplified and for conductivity measurements exact dimensions are not required. The pressure derivative of thermal conductivity has been determined for polyethylene and for KCl and shows good agreement with previously published data and supports a linear dependence. 相似文献
15.
R. Agersborg M. Jakobsen B. O. Ruud T. A. Johansen 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》2007,51(1):89-118
An effective medium model for the stress-dependent seismic properties of fractured reservoirs is developed here on the basis
of a combination of a general theory of viscoelastic waves in rock-like composites with recently published formulae for deformation
of communicating and interacting cavities (interconnected pores/cracks and fractures at finite concentration) under drained
loading. The inclusion-based model operates with spheroidal cavities at two different length scales; namely, the microscopic
scale of the pores and (grain-boundary) cracks, and the mesoscopic scale of the fractures (controlling the flow of fluid).
The different cavity types can in principle have any orientation and aspect ratio, but the microscopic pores/cracks and mesoscopic
fractures were here assumed to be randomly and vertically oriented, respectively. By using three different aspect ratios for
the relatively round pores (representing the stiff part of the pore space) and a distribution of aspect ratios for the relatively
flat cracks (representing the compliant part of the pore space), we obtained a good fit between theoretical predictions and
ultrasonic laboratory measurements on an unfractured rock sample under dry conditions. By using a single aspect ratio for
the mesoscopic fractures, we arrived at a higher-order microstructural model of fractured porous media which represents a
generalization of the first-order model developed by Chapman et al. (2002,2003). The effect of cavity size was here modelled
under the assumption that the characteristic time for wave-induced (squirt) flow at the scale of a particular cavity (pore/crack
vs. fracture) is proportional with the relevant scale-size. In the modelling, we investigate the effect of a decreasing pore
pressure with constant confining pressure (fixed depth), and hence, increasing effective pressure. The analysis shows that
the attenuation-peak due to the mesoscopic fractures in the reservoir will move downward in frequency as the effective pressure
increases. In the range of seismic frequencies, our modelling indicates that the P-wave velocities may change by more than
20% perpendicular to the fractures and close to 10% parallel to the fractures. In comparison, the vertical S-wave velocities
change by only about 5% for both polarization directions (perpendicular and parallel to the fractures) when the effective
pressure increases from 0 to 15 MPa. This change is mainly due to the overall change in porosity with pressure. The weak pressure
dependence is a consequence of the fact that the S waves will only sense if the fractures are open or not, and since all the
fractures have the same aspect ratio, they will close at the same effective pressure (which is outside the analysed interval).
Approximate reflection coefficients were computed for a model consisting of the fractured reservoir embedded as a layer in
an isotropic shale and analysed with respect to variations in Amplitude Versus Offset and aZimuth (AVOZ) properties at seismic
frequencies for increasing effective pressure. For the P-P reflections at the top of the reservoir, it is found that there
is a significant dependence on effective pressure, but that the variations with azimuth and offset are small. The lack of
azimuthal dependence may be explained from the approximate reflection coefficient formula as a result of cancellation of terms
related to the S-wave velocity and the Thomson’s anisotropy parameter δ. For the P-S reflection, the azimuthal dependence
is larger, but the pressure dependence is weaker (due to a single aspect ratio for the fractures).
Finally, using the effective stiffness tensor for the fractured reservoir model with a visco-elastic finite-difference code,
synthetic seismograms and hodograms were computed. From the seismograms, attenuation changes in the P wave reflected at the
bottom of the reservoir can be observed as the effective pressure increases. S waves are not much affected by the fractures
with respect to attenuation, but azimuthal dependence is stronger than for P waves, and S-wave splitting in the bottom reservoir
P-S reflection is clearly seen both in the seismograms and hodograms. From the hodograms, some variation in the P-S reflection
with effective pressure can also be observed. 相似文献
16.
We have analyzed the applicability of the approximation of the axially symmetric magnetic field created by the dipole field
and the currents flowing in the plasma for describing the Dst variation value during magnetic storms and the dependence of the position of the pressure maximum on the volumes of magnetic
flux tubes on the plasma pressure. We have determined the dependence of the disturbance in the field on the geocentric distance.
We have shown that the experimentally obtained dependence on the position of the pressure maximum on Dst is described in the assumption on the correctness of the adiabatic law on changes in pressure with a change in geocentric
distance. We have calculated the values of the magnetic field distortion and the value of the Dst variation for the experimentally determined radial pressure profile for three magnetic storms with Dst ∼ 100 nT. We have shown that, with allowance for nonlinear magnetic field distortions, the axially symmetric part of the
ring current makes the main contribution to the value of the Dst variation. 相似文献
17.
Seismic data are increasingly applied to predict the characteristics of reservoirs, as their quality improves. Since the change
of pressure is a major component in exploitation of reservoirs, a thorough understanding of the influence of pressure on seismic
velocity is also important. In this study we introduce the first results of the developed petrophysical model which describes
the pressure dependence of seismic velocity. The model is based on the idea that microcracks in rocks open and close under
the change of pressure. Laboratory measurements are presented on several sandstone samples. Longitudinal wave velocities were
measured at various incremental pressures increased from 0 to 20 MPa. During the measurements, the pulse transmission technique
was used and the parameters of the model were determined by using a linearized inversion method. The inversion results proved
that the proposed petrophysical model well applies in practice. 相似文献
18.
A systematic development of the consequences of an exponential dependence of the hydraulic conductivity upon the pressure head is presented. Alternative expressions for the flux are discussed in detail. For steady flows, partial differential equations in terms of the matric flux potential, the pressure head, and the total head are derived. For steady, plane and axially symmetric flows, partial differential equations for the stream function are given. A theoretical basis for the construction of viscous flow analogs for steady, plane and axially symmetric flows is also presented. 相似文献
19.
Information about electrical anisotropy in and around the deep borehole of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB) has been acquired using three different methods: (1) Under surface temperature and pressure conditions, the azimuthal dependence of resistivity has been measured in horizontal planes perpendicular to the axes of drill cores. (2) Simulated in-situ conditions (high temperature and pressure) have been applied to mini cores drilled at different orientations to structural features such as foliation. The resistivity was then measured in the direction of the mini cores' long axes. (3) Under quasi-in-situ (downhole) conditions, the azimuthal dependence of resistivity has been measured in horizontal planes using the Azimuthal Resistivity Imager (ARI), a down hole logging tool.These investigations have shown that electrical anisotropy is strongly related to structural features. The anisotropy of gneisses is the highest due to the strong foliation (averaged anisotropy factor 2.8). Lamprophyres are most isotropic (factor 1.2). Most rocks from KTB are amphibolites with intermediate anisotropies (factor 1.3). The anisotropies measured under surface temperature and pressure conditions and quasi-in-situ conditions on amphibolites are approximately the same, whereas anisotropies under simulated in-situ conditions are partially higher.Furthermore, the anisotropies measured on the cm to m scale using the various methods outlined above shall be compared with large scale anisotropies of the km scale measured around KTB using Magneto Tellurics. 相似文献
20.
During steady eruption, the flow conditions (emitted mass flux, exit velocity and exit pressure) depend on the geometry of the conduit in which the eruption occurs. This dependence is examined for the onedimensional, isothermal ascent of a homogeneous basaltic magma with an aqueous volatile phase and newtonian rheology. By fixing the geometry of the feeding fissure, the mass flux flowing in steady conditions can be determined at any depth, as well the magma pressure and vertical velocity. Flow behaviour is analysed for three fissure shapes: constant width, slowly upward narrowing and lenticular. In all the cases examined the magma arrives at the earth's surface with a pressure greater than atmospheric. The results are compared with those obtained when a lithostatic pressure gradient is assumed for the magma column. Some speculations are made, moreover, about the change in eruption style, if conduit geometry varies during a non-steady phase. 相似文献