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在出现区域大震后,为了迅速展开有效的应急救援行动,需要及时准确了解烈度分布.目前震动图的获得有震后人工调查、震源参数计算、地震监测台网、地震烈度速报台网等几种方式,其中最有效的是在重点监护区建立烈度速报台网.但烈度速报台网建设往往沿用地震监测台网的模式,建设成本高、台站密度有限、实时数据传输量大.本文研制的地震动参数速报仪采用MEMS加速度计为测震传感器和ARM+Linux嵌入式计算机技术,具有体积小、成本小、功耗低、一体化、智能化的特点;其内置地震信息实时处理算法,能够自动判别地震事件并计算地震动参数;在实际应用中安装简便.通过大量密集布设这种小型仪器而组建的地震动参数速报网络,具有数据传输量小、分布式计算、组成的速报网络可靠性高、能够快速产出高分辨率的精细震动图等特点. 相似文献
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美国的地震监测工作起步较早,在台网设计、设备研制、软件研发、标准制定、数据管理和新技术应用等领域处于领先地位。近年来,随着移动互联网的发展,以及强震动观测、地震预警和大规模流动台阵等项目的推进,美国的地震数据产品实现了从单一向多元化、定制化的跨越。我国的地震监测工作虽起步较晚,但随着国家地震烈度速报与预警、“一带一路”地震监测台网和中国地震科学实验场等一系列重大项目的实施,地震站网密度、监测预警能力、地震数据智能处理、服务水平和新技术应用等方面都取得了跨越式发展。为更好地了解国际地震监测现状,文章从地震监测架构、地震台网布局、数据处理系统、地震预警系统和数据产品五个方面介绍了美国的地震监测工作进展,并与我国地震监测进行对比分析,可为我国地震监测预警事业规划和发展提供参考。 相似文献
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《世界地震工程》2017,(4)
地震监测预警过程中产生的时延是我国高速铁路地震监测预警系统时效性评价的关键性能指标。通过分析高速铁路地震监测预警系统架构,对信息处理及传输的环节进行了分项研究,分析了本地监测预警时延的构成、估算了每个环节的时延参数,通过在高速铁路现场搭建地震监测预警时延测试环境,测试得到了各个环节的时延特性。结果表明:高速铁路地震本地监测预警时延主要取决于地震仪、监控单元和铁路局中心系统等3个信息处理环节;在当前技术水平下,这3个信息处理环节以及传输环节的最小时延分别为0.3s、0.1s、0.05s和0.03s;S波报警判别时延仍有改进缩小的可能;P波预警判别时延基本满足要求。 相似文献
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《国际地震动态》2020,(2)
我国经济快速发展和城市化进程加快,核电站、大型水坝等重大基础设施不断涌现,高速公路、轨道交通、长输管线、城市管网等生命线工程日趋密集、复杂,一旦遭遇强烈地震,可能产生极为严重的次生灾害和难以估量的间接经济损失。本文介绍了国家重点研发项目"重大工程地震紧急处置技术研发与示范应用"的主要进展。目前已提出面向点、线状重大工程的地震动输入方法,以及基于复杂地形数值模拟的面状地震动输入。给出了新一代基于性态的工程结构地震易损性分析方法。开展了城市轨道交通高架桥车—轨—桥耦合地震反应,小区燃气调压站房、管线、阀门和土相耦合的地震反应分析及核电站结构与设备地震耦合作用研究。建立了重大工程紧急处置专用的震级、震中距、紧急处置范围估算公式,研究了基于P波段双参数阈值的现地地震警报预测方法,建立了地震动参数的风险概率模型。对重大工程地震紧急处置信息发布技术系统进行了顶层设计,对地震预警信息发布终端的协议进行了解析,搭建了地震预警信息接收技术系统。研制了行业定制化的地震紧急处置接收与报警装置、电梯开关装置、燃气切断阀门。地震破坏场景虚拟演示内融合地震信息、风险评估信息、地理信息系统,有力地推进城市重大工程地震紧急处置平台的建设。研发的城市轨道交通地震预警紧急处置系统开始在国家铁道试验中心城轨试验线开展示范;多参数核电站地震仪表系统开始在红沿河核电站开展示范;城镇燃气地震信息监测控制系统在北京平谷区峪口镇开展示范。 相似文献
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地震学是利用地震波的传播特性来研究内部结构及震动源的一门学科,在获取滑坡体物性参数、监测其变化,以及探测滑坡发育过程中的变形和微破裂等信息具有天然的优势,这些信息对于滑坡的监测、治理、以及预警至关重要.本文调研了国内外近年来地震学手段在滑坡监测中的应用,分为滑坡体结构研究、滑坡发育过程中滑坡震研究以及滑坡启动后的动态过程研究三部分,主要概括了其原理及结论.调研结果表明,结合密集台阵长时间观测,地震学方法可以有效地获取滑坡体三维结构,局部及内部的变形、破裂情况,以及滑坡发生后的动力学过程.滑坡物性参数变化和滑坡震活动性异常等可能是滑坡灾害发生前的前兆信号,能被地震学手段获取. 相似文献
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《Advances in water resources》2005,28(7):701-710
The patterns of temporal variations of precipitation (P), streamflow (SF) and baseflow (BF) as well as their nitrate-nitrogen (nitrate) concentrations (C) and loads (L) from a long-term record (28 years) in the Raccoon River, Iowa, were analyzed using variogram and spectral analyses. The daily P is random but scaling may exist in the daily SF and BF with a possible break point in the scaling at about 18 days and 45 days, respectively. The nitrate concentrations and loads are shown to have a half-year cycle while daily P, SF, and BF have a one-year cycle. Furthermore, there may be a low-frequency cycle of 6–8 years in C. The power spectra of C and L in both SF and BF exhibit fractal 1/f scaling with two characteristic frequencies of half-year and one-year, and are fitted well with the spectrum of the gamma distribution. The nitrate input to SF and BF at the Raccoon watershed seems likely to be a white noise process superimposed on another process with a half-year and one-year cycle. 相似文献
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燕郊等测点迁移优化与地磁观测研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
为优化地磁观测条件，开展了燕郊、夏垫等测点迁移工作；按照测眯迁移原则与实施技术方案，完整地收集并整理了地质构造与地球物理等方面的基本资料；进行了野外实地勘察，磁场梯度的测量，确定了新测点，在新老测点上进行了较长时间的地磁场对比观测；应用多种方法分析研究了地磁对比观测资料，结果表明，新老测点与有关测点的地磁变化具有良好的一致性，并得到了新老测点之间的地磁数据的按点差。 相似文献
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We rederive and generalize hyperbolic moveout formulae for the common-midpoint (CMP) gather and for the zero-offset (ZO) section that can be efficiently used for macro-model-independent reflection imaging in two-dimensional media. The hyperbolic moveout formulae for the common-midpoint gather are obtained from different Taylor series expansions of a particular parametric moveout surface defined in the multicoverage data space. Such a moveout surface involves three kinematic wave-field attributes of two hypothetical waves, which have to be determined by a coherency analysis. By using hyperbolic moveout curves in the CMP gather and in the ZO section one can determine these attributes in two steps. The relationships between the local shapes of the interfaces and the attributes of the hypothetical wave-fields attributes are considered by means of geometrical optics. The determination of these attributes allows to perform a macro-model-independent ZO simulation and a subsequent inversion. 相似文献
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Assessing Groundwater Depletion and Dynamics Using GRACE and InSAR: Potential and Limitations 
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下载免费PDF全文 Pascal Castellazzi Richard Martel Devin L. Galloway Laurent Longuevergne Alfonso Rivera 《Ground water》2016,54(6):768-780
In the last decade, remote sensing of the temporal variation of ground level and gravity has improved our understanding of groundwater dynamics and storage. Mass changes are measured by GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellites, whereas ground deformation is measured by processing synthetic aperture radar satellites data using the InSAR (Interferometry of Synthetic Aperture Radar) techniques. Both methods are complementary and offer different sensitivities to aquifer system processes. GRACE is sensitive to mass changes over large spatial scales (more than 100,000 km2). As such, it fails in providing groundwater storage change estimates at local or regional scales relevant to most aquifer systems, and at which most groundwater management schemes are applied. However, InSAR measures ground displacement due to aquifer response to fluid‐pressure changes. InSAR applications to groundwater depletion assessments are limited to aquifer systems susceptible to measurable deformation. Furthermore, the inversion of InSAR‐derived displacement maps into volume of depleted groundwater storage (both reversible and largely irreversible) is confounded by vertical and horizontal variability of sediment compressibility. During the last decade, both techniques have shown increasing interest in the scientific community to complement available in situ observations where they are insufficient. In this review, we present the theoretical and conceptual bases of each method, and present idealized scenarios to highlight the potential benefits and challenges of combining these techniques to remotely assess groundwater storage changes and other aspects of the dynamics of aquifer systems. 相似文献