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1.
活动构造研究——历史、进展与建议 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：6
文中综述了国内外活动构造研究的历史与进展。在简要介绍国际以及中国早期活动构造研究历史的基础上,重点回顾了20世纪80年代以来活动构造及其定量研究的历史与发展,阐述了中国在活动构造基础调查研究、应用研究以及区域活动构造及其运动学、动力学理论研究等方面的主要工作与认识;进一步介绍了在活动构造定量参数测定方面的研究工作,以及基于这些定量参数进行的活动断裂潜在地震危险性与危害性评价工作与进展。最后,结合中国活动构造研究现状与存在的主要问题,提出今后宜重点加强工作的若干建议 相似文献
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中国湖泊古生态研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
湖泊古生态学是古湖沼学的一个主要分支学科,主要通过沉积记录中的各种生物化石指标分析,重建不同时空尺度的湖泊生态系统演化过程,回答生态学、全球变化和环境管理应用方面的议题.本文回顾了国内外湖泊古生态研究的发展历程,在介绍湖泊古生态系列指标和研究基本原理基础上,着重评述了过去20 a来我国湖泊古生态研究取得的主要进展和成果,包括:(1)建立了基于多种生物和生物标记化合物指标进行古气候环境要素(温度、盐度、水体总磷等)定量重建的系列转换函数模型;(2)重点揭示了不同地质历史时期和近百年来湖泊生态环境演变的规律,及其对自然和人为驱动的响应特征与机理;(3)利用古生态记录诊断了湖泊生态系统突变模式与早期信号特征,定量揭示了湖泊生物群落演替与生态系统弹性损失的关系.上述成果为湖泊环境管理和治理提供了重要依据.本文最后对我国湖泊古生态研究进行了展望,提出了今后研究的重点方向. 相似文献
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铁磁形状记忆合金研究进展与展望（Ⅰ）：材料、力学特性 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
综述了铁磁形状记忆合金（Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy,简写为FSMA）在材料研制和热磁力学特性方面的研究现状,对其存在的问题进行了分析并指出其发展方向。在材料研发方面,介绍了新型合金、Ni-Mn-Ga-X系列合金、复合材料和Ni_2MnGa系列合金;在热磁力学特性方面,介绍了形状记忆效应、应力一应变特性和磁致形状记忆效应,总结了当前研究的现状和不足。通过对FSMA材料本身特性和应用需求的综合分析,指出适于应用的新型FSMA在加工和连接性能以及复杂加载下的材料热磁力学性能等方面还需要进一步研究。 相似文献
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文中通过国内外隐伏活动构造研究发展历史回顾与最新研究动态的分析 ,提出了当前隐伏活动构造在浅部精细特征研究、深浅构造关系研究和高新技术手段运用等方面存在的不足和问题。为适应隐伏活动构造研究不断发展的需要 ,作者认为 ,以浅层物探、系列钻探和新年代研究为支点 ,开展多学科手段的综合定量研究是深化这一研究的基础 ,而进行隐伏活动构造的科学分类、准确定位和最新一期活动性研究是当前研究的主要目标 相似文献
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延庆、怀来地区地壳深部磁性构造与地震的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
应用三维磁性层反演理论和方法，对延庆、怀来地区航磁资料进行了数据处理，反演计算了该区磁性基底埋深、居里等温面埋深和视磁化强度分布。揭示了延庆盆地、矾山盆地、怀来盆地、涿鹿盆地等四个相互联通盆地的磁性基底的定量特征。对该区地震发生的深部原因和地壳内不同特性块体与地震的关系进行了探讨；对该区地震分布的特点进行了研究；初步提出了该区地震的危险区划和今后的重点监测区。 相似文献
7.
水文连通性作为连接河湖水体间物质、能量及信息传递与交换的关键纽带,对水环境、水生态和生境状况具有联动与触发反馈作用,已成为水文学、水利学和生态学等诸多领域的研究热点.太湖流域作为全国典型的流域性密集平原河网区,在快速城镇化背景下,河湖水文连通关系变化剧烈并引起了一系列生态环境效应.本文以水文连通性概念与内涵为背景,对太湖流域水文连通性研究进行了综述.太湖流域水文连通性评价方法以图论法、景观格局指数及水文连通性函数等方法联合使用为主,且聚焦于区域尺度研究;演变过程按人类活动影响强度大致划分为自然水系形成阶段、古代人类活动影响阶段和现代人类活动影响阶段;气候变化和人类活动共同影响着太湖流域水文连通性变化,近百年来水利工程建设和城市化进程等人类活动的影响尤为剧烈;良好的水文连通性有利于汛期减轻流域洪涝灾害及非汛期保障水资源供给,但水文连通性的提高对水环境和水生态的效应由于涉及因素众多尚存在争议.针对当前研究现状和存在问题,提出(1)平原河网区水文连通性的定量表征与评估是水文连通性研究的前提;(2)定量解析流域水文连通性的驱动机制是水文连通性研究的重点;(3)深入跟踪大型引水调水工程对流域水文连通影响及其效应是一项长期任务;(4)兼顾环境生态效应的水利工程生态化改造研究,开展工程控制背景下的流域水文连通多目标优化调控,是实现太湖流域洪水调蓄、水资源供给、水环境净化、生物多样性维持等生态系统服务协同提升的重要途径. 相似文献
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以山东省市级防震减灾工作为研究对象,在全国范围内组织开展了两次(2007年、2012年)地震重点监视防御区制度实施情况问卷调查,根据回收的问卷从市级防震减灾组织机构、经费投入、监测预报、震害防御、应急救援和宣传教育等6个方面14项指标人手,对比地震重点监视防御区和非地震重点监视防御区防震减灾工作在两个调查年度的发展、变化,分析研究地震重点监视防御区制度在山东省(市级)的实施现状和成效.将两个调查年度描述山东省防震减灾工作进展的主要指标与全国相应指标的均值进行了对比研究.并对防震减灾工作的“山东现象”进行了分析. 相似文献
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构造应力场模拟-有限元理论、方法和研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用有限元数值模拟方法对构造地质问题进行描述和定量化求解是当前地质学领域的研究的一个热点,该方法近10年以来取得了重要进展,形成了比较完整的理论和技术体系,并在一些典型的地质构造带获得了重要的研究成果,已成为当前定量研究构造应力场的主要方法.文中以有限元数值模拟方法理论作为出发点,总结分析了国内外有限元数值模拟方法在构... 相似文献
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福建沿海、台湾海峡GPS观测分析及地球动力学特征研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用 3期GPS联测结果所获得的福建沿海地壳水平运动信息 ,采用ITRF94全球框架为基础的GPS测站地壳运动模型及其处理软件 ,对所获得的观测数据进行处理和精度分析。得到福建省高精度的GPS测站大地坐标、边长及其位移矢量 ,其精度达到 1 7×10 - 8。计算了福建地壳运动速率、主应变率 ,东西与南北向线应变率、面应变率、剪应变率、大地转动率和最大剪应变率等值线并给出了它们的分布图象。根据多年形变和现今GPS观测资料 ,分析福建地壳垂直运动与水平运动 ,显示区域应力场优势分布特征。最后 ,对福建沿海及台湾海峡地壳动力学特征作了初步的探讨 相似文献
12.
Zhivanovich I. Solov’ev A. A. Efremov V. I. Miller N. O. 《Geomagnetism and Aeronomy》2020,60(7):865-871
Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - Two main features define a sunspot as an object: a strong magnetic field and a low umbra temperature. The same can be said about a facular knot, in the center of which... 相似文献
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本文搜集了2001—2013年间在太行山与燕山构造带交汇部位先后布设的4个宽频带流动地震台阵和首都圈固定地震台网共192个台站记录到的全球5.5级以上远震事件波形资料,综合采用接收函数H-κ和CCP叠加分析获得了134个基岩台站下方的地壳厚度和泊松比结果.综合分析与前人研究相吻合但更加精细的地壳约束分布信息,发现研究区域的地壳厚度和泊松比在整体上呈现出从西北到东南方向渐变的特征,在南北重力梯度带两侧及其附近呈现出明显的小尺度地壳结构和物质组分的差异,且可明显区分出太行山地区和燕山构造带及盆山交界处的地壳厚度与泊松比的相对差异,这可能反映了这些地区在华北克拉通的构造演化过程中所经历的不同地壳改造过程. 相似文献
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针对我国当前较具典型的几种地震社会心理，指出职能部门疏导、防治的工作重点，并从顺应国情、民情及国家经济体制改革的方向出发，提出相应的对策建议。 相似文献
15.
Michele Caputo 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1964,57(1):66-82
Summary Adopting thePizzetti-Somigliana method and using elliptic integrals we have obtained closed formulas for the space gravity field in which one of the equipotential surfaces is a triaxial ellipsoid. The same formulas are also obtained in first approximation of the equatorial flattening avoiding the use of the elliptic integrals. Using data from satellites and Earth gravity data the gravitational and geometric bulge of the Earth's equator are computed. On the basis of these results and on the basis of recent gravity data taken around the equator between the longitudes 50° to 100° E, 155° to 180° E, and 145° to 180° W, we question the advantage of using a triaxial gravity formula and a triaxial ellipsoid in geodesy. Closed formulas for the space field in which a biaxial ellipsoid is an equipotential surface are also derived in polar coordinates and its parameters are specialized to give the international gravity formula values on the international ellipsoid. The possibility to compute the Earth's dimensions from the present Earth gravity data is the discussed and the value ofMG=(3.98603×1020 cm3 sec–2) (M mass of the Earth,G gravitational constant) is computed. The agreement of this value with others computed from the mean distance Earth-Moon is discussed. The Legendre polinomials series expansion of the gravitational potential is also added. In this series the coefficients of the polinomials are closed formulas in terms of the flattening andMG.Publication Number 327, and Istituto di Geodesia e Geofisica of Università di Trieste. 相似文献
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Yu. S. Saenko N. S. Natsvalyan N. Yu. Tepenitsyna 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1988,127(2-3):335-352
A planetary model of the ionosphere and the protonosphere coupling is described. The system of three-dimensional nonstationary modeling equations of continuity and motion for the ions O+ and H+ is presented. Some numerical results of model calculations are compared with the experimental data. The important role of electromagnetic drifts in the formation of large-scale morphological peculiarities of the ionosphere and the protonosphere coupling is shown. 相似文献
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R. V. Veselovskiy V. E. Pavlov P. Yu. Petrov 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2009,45(7):545-566
The results of paleomagnetic studies of the reference sections of the Riphean and Late Proterozoic intrusive bodies of two remote areas of the Siberian Platform are presented. Within the limits of the Uchur-Maya region the sedimentary rocks of the Gonam, Omakhta, Ennin and Konder formations were studied; and the Riphean sedimentary rocks of the Burdur and Kotuykan formations on the northern and western slopes of the Anabar Uplift and, also, the Late Proterozoic intrusive complexes, located in the basins of the Fomich, Magan, Dzhogdzho and Kotuykan Rivers were studied. The paleomagnetic poles obtained in the course of this work and the present-day geochronological data give grounds to assume that: (1) the accumulation of the Riphean of the Anabar Uplift occurred after the formation of the Uchurskaya series of the Uchur-Maya region and was completed in approximately 1.5 Ga; (2) the Konder layers, compared according to the correlation pattern accepted at the present time [Semikhatov and Serebryakov, 1983] with the bottoms of the Totta formation, can be related to the appreciably more ancient stratigraphic level; (3) the intrusion of the studied intrusive bodies of the northern and western slopes of the Anabar Uplift occurred nonsimultaneously, although within close time intervals of approximately 1.5 Ga. The estimates of the kinematic parameters of the drift of the Siberian Platform within an interval of 1.7–1.0 Ga is carried out. 相似文献
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D. Zidarov 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1973,105(1):655-668
Summary The paleomagnetic field (declination and inclination) in different geological epochs is represented through the field of the so-called magnetic dipole. The optimal dipole coordinates so obtained show that during older geological times the optimal dipole lay outside the earth's centre and moved towards and around the earth centre. It is supposed that the optimal dipole trajectory in the earth coincides with earth core trajectory. This core motion brought about a motion of the masses of the mantle in a direction opposite to the motion of the core. This in turn brought about the break-down of Pangea and the separation of the continents. The drift of the continents, the relative changing of the earth's rotational axis and many other geological and geophysical phenomena may be explained through such a motion, that is through the motion of an eccentrical core towards the earth centre. 相似文献
19.
The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
20.
Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献