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汶川、玉树大地震前的地电场异常 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
"九五"以来,国内布设了地震地电场观测网,目前有100多个台正式投入观测,部分台站至今已积累了近十年的资料.期间发生了2008年5月12日汶川8.0级地震和2010年4月14日玉树7.1级等强烈地震,这对检验大地电场前兆方法的监测效果具有非常重要的意义.本文收集了汶川、玉树地震区附近的39个地电场观测台自投入运行以来的观测资料,并对全部资料的观测质量和映震情况进行了检查和分析,发现观测资料中存在不规则的与地磁场或固体潮汐变化相关的扰动变化,很难从中识别出地震前兆信息.为突出地震前兆信息,作者采用同台地电场观测的同一测向长、短极距测值的比值方法进行了分析处理.结果发现在地震前,多数台站的地电场观测资料存在不同形态的比值异常变化.研究结果表明,汶川、玉树地震前震源区附近的地电场观测资料中有较为丰富的地震前兆信息,只是由于这些信息混杂于正常大地电场变化的背景中,从原始观测数据中或使用常规的分析方法无法识别和提取.而使用本文的数据处理方法能有效地排除资料中来自大地电场的正常变化以及自然电场的远场变化,突出了近场的变化信息,使得地震前源自孕震区一定范围内的地电场异常信号容易识别.由图4可见,2002年的玉门5.9地震和2003年的山丹-民乐6.1地震前震源区的电场观测也出现了比值异常变化,而其他时段的比值曲线近似直线变化,因此表明本文地电场观测资料的分析处理方法是识别和提取观测资料中地震前兆信息的有效方法之一.分析结果还表明地电场前兆的不同形态可能与观测台的台址条件有关. 相似文献
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<正>我国于1966年邢台7.2级地震后开始了以地震监测预报为主要目的的地电场观测。从20世纪90年代开始,特别是经过"十五"以来的台网建设,目前已建成由120多个固定台站构成的数字化地电场观测台网,观测数据应用于地震监测预报和地球电磁环境变化研究等领域,并已取得重要进展,在地震监测预报实践中展现了良好前景。然而,由于我国数字化地电场观测起步晚,观 相似文献
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中国地震前兆台网数据处理系统针对传统的“L”型地电场布极方式而开发的数据处理软件,不能对南京地震台地电场数据有效处理,考虑到地电场的矢量特性,南京地震台取消斜道观测,布设同方向3个测道的多极距地电场观测系统. 相似文献
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几次大地震前后地电场中长期变化分析与研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
地电场是地球表面天然存在的电场, 包括大地电场和自然电场。 利用“合成能量累加”方法, 分析处理了甘肃省、 青海省、 四川省、 重庆市所辖部分台站2007年7月至2017年12月的地电场观测数据, 研究和讨论了汶川8.0级地震等几次大地震前后地电场中长期异常变化特征。 研究结果显示, 几次MS7.0以上大地震前后, 均出现了地电场区域性准同步异常变化; 地电场异常变化经历了“震前—发震—震后”三个阶段, 震前和震后变化比较明显, 发震期变化相对平稳, 时间跨度达12个月以上; 地电场异常变化主要沿构造带分布, 变化强度随震中距的增加而减小。 相似文献
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2006年7月4日河北文安县发生了Ms5.1地震,有6个地电场观测台布设在北京周围.本文阐述了地电场多极距观测系统的噪音识别原理及其在地电场数据分析中的应用方法.通过对首都圈6个地电场台观测资料的研究分析,在所选出的众多震前地电场异常信号中逐一排除,最后选定的5组地电场异常信号基本上被认为是震前地电场前兆异常信号.结果表明:①文安Ms5.1地震前存在着地电场异常前兆信号;②文安地震前地电场异常前兆信号的出现存在着"敏感点"效应;③地电场异常前兆信号在不同的台站存在着不同步出现的现象,并且异常结束至发震时间间隔也不同;④离震中区较近的宝坻台记录到的震前地电场异常幅度较小,而离震中区较远的昌黎台记录到的震前地电场异常幅度则较大. 相似文献
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D. M. Pechersky A. A. Lyubushin Z. V. Sharonova 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2010,46(7):613-623
The data on geomagnetic reversals are compared with the changes in the organic world and with the lower-mantle plumes. The
times of the formation of plumes and the times of their appearance on the Earth’s surface relate to the intervals characterized
by the different frequencies of geomagnetic reversals, i.e., there is no interrelation between the formation of plumes and
the frequency of the changes in the geomagnetic field polarity. At the same time, a certain synchronism is observed between
the frequency of the geomagnetic reversals and the boundaries of the biostratigraphic ages, i.e., the changes in the organic
world in the long-period range. A hypothesis is proposed, which explains the change in the sign of the geomagnetic field by
the combined effect of the irregular rotation of the internal core relative to the mantle and the changes in the slope angle
of the axis of the Earth’s rotation, which, in turn, results in synchronous events on the Earth’s surface: the rates of changes
in the organic world. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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Summary The maintenance of the axisymmetric component of the flow in the atmosphere is investigated by means of a steady-state, quasi-geostrophic formulation of the meteorological equations. It is shown that the meridional variations in the time-averaged axisymmetric variables can be expressed as the sum of three contributions, one being due to the eddy heat transport, another to the eddy momentum transport, and a third to the convective-radiative equilibrium temperature which enters the problem through the specification of a Newtonian form of diabatic heating. The contributions by the large scale eddies are evaluated through the use of observed values for the eddy heat and momentum transports.The contributions from each of the three forcing mechanisms to the temperature and zonal wind fields are invstigated individually and found to be of about equal importance. The sum of the three contributions are also presented for the temperature, the zonal wind, the stream function associated with the mean meridional circulation and the corresponding vertical motion. Although the results fail to reproduce the main observed features of the lower stratosphere, they are found to be in good agreement with observations in the middle latitude troposphere. At any pressure level, for example, the computed mean zonal wind has a jet-like profile and the axis of the jet is found to slope to the south with height, as observed in the atmosphere.Based in part on a thesis submitted by the first author as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Ph.D. degree at the University of Michigan. — Publication No. 194 from the Department of Meteorology and Oceanography, The University of Michigan. 相似文献
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综合APIA、HONOLULU、PAMATAI 3个地磁台三分量的11年周期变化的形态后，可定性地提出该变化源于内场。如内源为核幔边界的电涡流，则其中心点应位于3台之间。 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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The nutations of the planets Mars andEarth are investigated and compared. Alarge number of interior structureparameters are involved in the nutationcomputations. The comparison between the observations and the computationsprovides several constraints on these parmeters andtherefore allows a better understanding of the physics of the interior of theplanet. For the Earth, the high precision of the observations of the nutationshas led to a very good determination of interior properties of the planet. ForMars, observations of nutations are not yet available, and we review how theamplitude of the Martian nutations depends on the hypotheses consideredfor its interior. Although Mars is very similar to the Earth, its interior is not well known;for example, we don't knowif its core is liquid or solid. Only if the core is liquid,the Free Core Nutation (FCN) normal mode exists and can alter the nutationswhich are close to the resonance. From the observed geoids, it is known thatboth planets are not in hydrostatic equilibrium. The departure is larger forMars than for the Earth, and consequently, the implication of considering a convective mantle instead of a mantle in hydrostatic equilibrium described byClairaut's equation for the initial equilibrium state of the planet is largeron the Martian nutations than on the Earth nutations. The consequences of theuncertainty in the core dimensions are also examined and shown to be of a veryhigh influence for Mars if the core is liquid, due to the potential changes inthe FCN resonance. The influence of the presence of an inner core, which isknown to exist for the Earth, could be more important for Mars than for theEarth if the inner core is large. Due to the presence of Tharsis on Mars, thetriaxiality of this planet has, additionally, larger effects than on Earth. 相似文献
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The global database on the paleointensity, containing determinations of the virtual dipole moment (VDM) for a stable (normal) regime of the geomagnetic field in a time interval of up to 3.5 Ga, is supplemented by new VDM determinations and analyzed. The field generation process started no later than 3–3.5 Ga (earlier data are absent) at the stage of the Earth’s core formation. Since that time, the dipole value has differed from its present value by no more than an order of magnitude, and the deviations that have already been detected tend toward smaller values. The distribution of VDM values in the time interval 0–400 Ma is bimodal, which apparently reflects the presence of two different generation levels of the geomagnetic field distinguished by a relatively large value (close to the present field value) and a relatively small value (approximately half as large as the present value). The total duration of decreased VDM values appreciably exceeds that of increased VDM values (179.1 and 28.6 Myr, respectively). On the whole, data on the paleointensity do not contradict the hypothesis about the dipole nature of the field over the last 400 Myr; however, the number of determinations at high paleolatitudes is too small to draw decisive conclusions on the validity (or invalidity) of the dipole field approximation based solely on paleointensity data. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The evolution of the magnetic configuration in the solar corona is studied. The curvature of the K-corona helmets obtained from an analytical approximation of the... 相似文献