共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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以2015年4月26日MS7.1余震为经验格林函数事件,利用全国和全球的宽频带记录提取了2015年4月25日尼泊尔MS8.1地震的P波视震源时间函数和Rayleigh波视震源时间函数,并通过联合反演这些视震源时间函数获得了这次地震的时空破裂过程图像.无论是P波视震源时间函数还是Rayleigh波视震源时间函数都呈现出很强的方位依赖性,表明震源断层具有相当的尺度且破裂朝东南方向扩展.时空破裂过程图像清楚地证实了这一特征,并更清晰地显示,破裂几乎是纯粹的单侧破裂,从破裂起始点开始,沿断层面向东南方向扩展~100km,同时沿断层面向深部扩展~80km,形成~125°的破裂优势方向和~5.8m的最大位错.地震的破裂时间历史相对简单,呈非间断性扩展,持续时间约50s. 相似文献
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选取1996年丽江7.0级地震27个台站的地震记录,运用反投影远震P波记录法对该次地震的破裂过程进行研究。结果显示丽江7.0级地震震源破裂主要沿北南向的玉龙雪山东麓断裂发展,震源破裂时间约为30s,空间破裂尺度约40km。表明反投影远震P波记录法能在震后较短时间内得到震源破裂过程,可为地震速报工作提供重要补充,从而为震后应急救援工作提供依据。 相似文献
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地震成核研究受到国内外地震学家的关注 .实验和理论研究表明 ,在地震前成核带内会发生准静态滑动 ( Ohnaka,1 992 ;Dodge,Beroza,1 995;Dodge et al.,1 996;Ohnaka,Kuwahara,1 990 ;Yamashita,Ohnaka,1 991 ) .地震成核过程是指在地震动态破裂前从准静态到准动态破裂的过渡过程 ,它本身就是一种短期前兆 ,直接前震是从准静态过渡到准动态成核过程中发生的局部动态失稳 ( Ohnaka,1 992 ) .最近的理论研究表明 ,可以将直接前震看作为伴随大地震的准静态成核过程的局部破裂 ( Shibazaki,Matsu′-ura,1 995) .因此 ,在成核过程中可能伴随… 相似文献
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用分布在 8 km范围和主震前5 0 0小时内的前震时空图像 ,研究了 1 993～ 1 996年期间的 5次科依纳主震 (M 4.3～ 5 .4)的破裂成核过程。成核过程发生在两个阶段 ,即主震动态破裂前的准静态和准动态破裂过程。主震发生前 ,观测到成核区以 0 .5～ 1 0 cm/ s的速度扩展 ,直到其直径达到约 1 0 km为止。还发现破裂成核开始于浅部 (<1 km) ,然后逐渐向深部发展 ,在孕震层底部 (大约在 8～ 1 1 km深处 )引起主震。地震在浅部成核可归因于科依纳和瓦纳 (Warna)水库在亚静水压条件下引起的孔隙压力增加的结果 ,而破裂向孕震层底部的传播可能受沿断层带的局部应力集中和较深处的孔隙压力扩散的控制。 相似文献
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基于有限断层模型，利用远场体波波形数据研究了2004年7月11日西藏MW62级地震的震源破裂过程.结果表明该地震是一个以倾滑为主的浅源正断层型地震，震源深度为125km，断层面走向152°，倾角44°，平均倾滑角-117°.破裂在震中处成核，然后以28km/s的平均速度向两侧传播，在震中以东偏北5km处达到最大滑动43cm.该地震主张力轴近E W方向，受浅部NNW SSE或N S向裂谷带控制，青藏高原南部的逆冲运动是引发这次地震的直接原因. 相似文献
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面波压制是地震数据处理中的一个重要问题. 常规的处理方法虽然能在一定程度上压制面波，但是在处理过程中只是单一的利用面波的一种特性,例如频率域滤波中利用面波与有效信号频率之间的差别，因此难以有效地压制面波. 利用Ridgelet变换可将原始地震记录拓展到（a,τ,p）三维空间，从而可以同时利用地震记录的视速度、时间和尺度域特性差别，实现有效信号与面波的分离. 文中通过理论合成记录及实际地震记录的算例，证实了基于Ridgelet变换的面波压制方法是有效且可行的. 相似文献
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利用震源距23 km范围内观测的2000年姚安MS65地震余震记录，计算了震源及近邻区域的尾波规一直达S波在频率15～20 Hz之间的傅里叶谱振幅.结果显示谱振幅随震源距增大而增大， 在对谱振幅进行了震源辐射方向性校正之后, 才出现谱振幅随震源距衰减的现象.由此获得了震源及近邻区域S波的Q(f)值,可表示为QS(f)=89f098其值比由尾波得出的姚安地区的平均QC(f)值低得多，表明了震源破裂带的强烈非均匀性对QS(f)的重大影响. 相似文献
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利用震源距23 km范围内观测的2000年姚安MS65地震余震记录，计算了震源及近邻区域的尾波规一直达S波在频率15～20 Hz之间的傅里叶谱振幅.结果显示谱振幅随震源距增大而增大， 在对谱振幅进行了震源辐射方向性校正之后, 才出现谱振幅随震源距衰减的现象.由此获得了震源及近邻区域S波的Q(f)值,可表示为QS(f)=89f098其值比由尾波得出的姚安地区的平均QC(f)值低得多，表明了震源破裂带的强烈非均匀性对QS(f)的重大影响. 相似文献
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Nucleation of earthquakes and its implication to precursors 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
IntroductionIn the middle of 1990s, the argument about nucleation phase occurred. Ellsworth and Beroza(1 995) studied the wave records of 30 earthquake events, which initiated slowly. Ellsworth, et al calledthem as nucleation phase. They discussed the relationship between their moment, duration time andthe relationship with the main shock behind. Scherbaum (1997a, b) proposed his different view andsuggested that some of the recording of the long period initial of seismic wave was misinterpret… 相似文献
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Depths of earthquake occurrence and large slip distribution are critical for seismic hazard assessment.Numerous examples show that earthquakes with similar magnitudes,however,can result in significantly different ground shaking and damage.One of the critical factors is that whether the large slip was generated near the ground surface.In this article,we reviewed two aspects that are important on this regard,shallow slip deficit and nucleation depth.Understanding how shallow future earthquakes may nucleate in particular regions,such as shale gas fields,is critical for hazard assessment.Whether or not a strong earthquake may slip significantly at shallow depths(less than 3 km)plays crucial rules in seismic hazard preparation and should be further investigated by integrating high-resolution fault zone observations,dynamic rupture simulation,and fault zone properties.Moreover,precisely resolving shallow depth and slip distribution of earthquakes demands InSAR and/or other image data that can better capture the near-fault deformation to constrain the source parameters of earthquakes. 相似文献
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The strong earthquakes in western Yunnan area, mainly occur along great interplate strike-slip faults and have a dominant
depth-layer about 10–20 km; the seismic rupture is characterized by strike-slip rupture. Considering the Yunnan lithospheric
structure and dynamic background, we think that earthquakes occurring at this area might have such a kind of nucleation process:
because of the multi-layers and heterogeneities of lithospheric structure, a zone of concentrated shear strain or of slip
might be formed at the moderate or deep portions of lithosphere, and spread upward along faulting boundary, toward the earth’s
surface under the background field of tectonic movement of lithospheric plates. The slip front will encounter the maximum
shear resistance zone on the fault surface in this process, be barried and blocked, and form a seismic gap. With the increase
of tectonic load, this slip zone will continuously spread forward, traverse and lead to instable crack of the whole blocked
zone, and cause a great earthquake. We have derived an approximate integral equation describing this seismic process; the
numerical results show that the model has an instable nonlinear accelerating evolution period which might have important significance
for the generation of earthquake precursors.
This paper is supported by the Eight Five-Year Target of the State Seismological Bureau, China. 相似文献
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2013年4月20日在四川省雅安市芦山县发生M7.0级地震.根据四川省台网资料和收集的国内外相关资料,我们分析了芦山地震的基本参数、余震分布、序列衰减等特征.结果表明:芦山地震位于龙门山断裂南段,其震源力学机制显示为纯逆冲性质,与龙门山断裂构造特征相符合;芦山地震的余震较丰富,震后15天震区已发生7800多次余震,其中,5级以上余震4次,最大余震是4月21日17时5分芦山、邛崃交界M5.4级地震;余震分布形成的图形显示其长轴走向与龙门山断裂构造走向一致,余震分布显示密集区长轴约40 km,短轴约20 km.与汶川M8.0级地震在震源力学机制、破裂过程、余震空间展布以及地表破裂等对比分析后表明:芦山地震与汶川地震的震源错动类型、破裂过程、地表破裂以及余震活动等特征存在明显差异;芦山地震与汶川地震震中位置相距90 km,两次地震的余震密集区相距50 km;汶川8.0级地震造成龙门山断裂中北段较充分破裂,芦山7.0级地震则展布于龙门山断裂南段且破裂尺度有限;两者有发震构造上的联系,但两次地震是相对独立的地震事件. 相似文献
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震源成核过程研究综述 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：5
大地震相应于断裂的快速传播。震源核是启动这个快速传播的断裂的动态体（或动态过程）。这个动态体或动态过程可以是震源端部的传播速度由慢渐快的裂缝，其内可有静态的或动态的应力化学腐蚀过程。可以是大震震源断层预滑时某处的突然快速失稳区，也可以是震源断层面上某一部分在临震前物性变弱而在其端部产生应力集中的一个动态体；另外，还可以是深部高压高温流体强迫插入积累巨大弹性应变能的地段的动态体。以上这些动态体或动态 相似文献
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Using the match-and-locate method to characterize foreshocks of the July 2019 MW6.4 Ridgecrest,California earthquake 
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下载免费PDF全文 The July 2019 MW6.4 Ridgecrest, California earthquake and its distinct foreshocks were well recorded by local and regional stations, providing a great opportunity to characterize its foreshocks and investigate the nucleation mechanisms of the mainshock. In this study, we utilized the match-and-locate (M&L) method to build a high-precision foreshock catalog for this MW6.4 earthquake. Compared with the sequential location methods (matched-filter + cross-correlation-based hypoDD), our new catalog contains more events with higher location accuracy. The MW6.4 mainshock was preceded by 40 foreshocks within ～2 h (on July 4, 2019 from 15:35:29 to 17:32:52, UTC). Their spatiotemporal distribution revealed a complex seismogenic structure consisting of multiple fault strands, which were connected as a throughgoing fault by later foreshocks and eventually accommodated the 2019 MW6.4 mainshock. To better understand the nucleation mechanism, we determined the rupture dimension of the largest ML4.0 foreshock by calculating its initial rupture and centroid points using the M&L method. By estimating Coulomb stress change we suggested that the majority of foreshocks following the ML4.0 event and MW6.4 mainshock occurred within regions of increasing Coulomb stress, indicating that they were triggered by stress transfer. The nucleation process before the ML4.0 event remains unclear due to the insufficient sampling rate of waveforms and small magnitude of events. Thus, our study demonstrates that the M&L method has superior detection and location ability, showing potential for studies that require high-precision location (e.g., earthquake nucleation). 相似文献
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2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震经历了一个复杂的破裂过程,其破裂长、幅度大、破裂速度多变,成为大陆型地震研究的典型地震。本文融合近场高精度大地测量观测（4幅InSAR影像,34个GPS点位同震位移）和高信噪比远震波形记录,基于有限断层反演理论,联合反演得到该地震同震破裂时空过程的统一模型;同时,基于欧洲区域台网波形数据,利用反投影方法获得高频破裂的时空展布。联合反演结果表明,破裂自西向东传播的过程中走向有所变化,破裂尺度达400km,最大滑移量达8m,地震矩大小为6.1×1020Nm,对应的矩震级MW为7.78。主断层破裂经历了3个阶段,其中,超剪切破裂阶段对应最大位错区域,破裂到达西大滩段与昆仑山口断层交叉处时,破裂速度与尺度迅速下降。反投影结果同样显示破裂的3个阶段空间上对应大地测量反演的3个最大破裂区,最大破裂区的扩展速度达6km/s,但超剪切破裂终止在断层交叉口东部约30km处断层走向发生转变的位置。 相似文献
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On July 31th, 2016, a magnitude 5.4 earthquake struck Cangwu Country, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, it was the largest earthquake recorded by Guangxi Seismological Network since it set up. The number of people affected by the earthquake had reached 20 000, and the direct economic losses caused by the earthquake were nearly 100 million Yuan.
After the earthquake, USGS provided a global earthquake catalog showing that the focal depth of Cangwu earthquake was about 24.5km. However, the result given by the Global Centroid Moment Tensor showed the focal depth of this earthquake was 15.6km. However, the result obtained by Xu Xiaofeng et al. using CAP method was 5.1km. It was clear that the focal depths of Cangwu earthquake given by different institutions were quite different from each other. However, accurate focal depth of the earthquake has important significance for exploring the tectonic mechanism near the epicenter, so it is necessary to further determine the more accurate depth of the Cangwu earthquake.
In order to further accurately determine the focal depth of Cangwu earthquake, we used the global search method for travel-time residual to calculate the focal depth of this earthquake and its error range, based on the regional velocity model, which is a one-dimensional velocity model of the Xianggui tectonic belt produced by the comprehensive geophysical profile. Then, we inverted the focal mechanism of this earthquake with the CAP method. Based on this, the focal depth of Cangwu MS5.4 earthquake was further determined by the method of the Rayleigh surface wave amplitude spectrum and the sPL phase, respectively.
Computed results reveal that the focal depth of this earthquake and its error range from the travel-time residual global search method is about(13±3)km, the focal depth inverted by CAP method is about 10km, the focal depth from sPL phase is about 10km, and the focal depth from Rayleigh surface wave amplitude spectrum is about 9~10km. Finally, we confirmed that the focal depth of Cangwu MS5.4 earthquake is about 10km, which indicates that this earthquake still occurred in the upper crust. In the case of low network density, the sPL phase and Rayleigh wave amplitude spectrum recorded by only 1 or 2 broadband stations could be used to obtain more accurate focal depth.
The focal depth's accuracy of Cangwu MS5.4 earthquake in the USGS global earthquake catalog has yet to be improved. In the future, we should consider the error of the source parameters when using the USGS global earthquake catalog for other related research. 相似文献